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1.
Pharm Biol ; 55(1): 590-595, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27937112

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Plants harbor endophytes with potential bioactivity. Markhamia tomentosa (Benth) K. Schum ex. Engl. (Bignoniaceae) is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. OBJECTIVE: The antifungal and antiproliferative properties of endophytic fungi extracts and fractions from M. tomentosa were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of M. tomentosa and identified by ITS-rDNA sequence analysis. The antagonistic effect of the fungal strains was investigated against pathogenic fungi viz, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorium, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea using the dual culture assay for 5-7 days. Antiproliferative effect of the fungal extracts and fractions (3.91-250 µg/mL) on HeLa cancer cell line was tested and IC50 was calculated. Poisoning food assay and antifeedant activity against the pathogenic fungi and Spodoptera litura larvae, for 7 days and 2 h, respectively, was also tested at concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 µg/mL. RESULTS: Fungal endophytes Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Syncephalastrum racemosum were isolated from the leaves of M. tomentosa. Isolated endophytic fungal strains and solvent extracts showed MIC value of 1000 µg/mL against tested pathogenic fungi in the dual culture and poisoning food assays. Methanol fraction of S. racemosum isolate showed the most effective antiproliferative activity with IC50 of 43.56 µg/mL. Minimal feeding deterrent activity against S. litura larvae was also observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These findings showed that the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa harbor strains of endophytic fungi with promising health benefits, and suggest their antifungal and antiproliferative effects against pathogenic fungi and HeLa cancer cell line.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Bignoniaceae/microbiologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Endófitos/metabolismo , Mucorales/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Trichoderma/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bignoniaceae/química , Botrytis/efeitos dos fármacos , Botrytis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Endófitos/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Fermentação , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Células HeLa , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mucorales/isolamento & purificação , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Plantas Medicinais , Rhizoctonia/efeitos dos fármacos , Rhizoctonia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Spodoptera/efeitos dos fármacos , Spodoptera/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fatores de Tempo , Trichoderma/isolamento & purificação , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia
2.
BMC Complement Med Ther ; 21(1): 98, 2021 Mar 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33743702

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Plants with an ethnobotanical history are known to harbor diverse group of endophytic fungi, which constitute major natural sources of bioactive compounds. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi from eight Nigerian ethnomedicinal plants. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of Acalypha ornata, Albizia zygia, Alchornea cordifolia, Chrysophyllum albidum, Ficus exasperata, Gomphrena celosioides, Millettia thonningii, and Newbouldia laevis. METHODS: Endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of selected plants via surface sterilization. Isolated fungi were identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) sequence analysis. Pure fungal strains were subjected to fermentation process on solid rice medium and metabolites extracted using ethyl-acetate. Fungal crude extracts were screened for antioxidant activity using 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reduction of ferric ion assays. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was used to identify the major chemical constituents in active fungal extracts. RESULTS: A total of eighteen fungal endophytes with fungal codes CU (061 and 062); ZA (161, 162, 163, and 164); LO (261); CA (041, 042, and 043); FE (081, 082, and 084); GE (091); MO (211 and 212); and NA (021 and 022) were isolated from the eight ethnomedicinal plants A. ornata, A. zygia, A. cordifolia, C. albidum, F. exasperata, G. celosioides, M. thonningii, and N. laevis respectively. ZA 163 and MO 211 fungal extracts showed significant (p < 0.05) radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 50.53 ± 0.01 and 86.69 ± 0.02 µg/ml respectively. Fungal extract CA 041 demonstrated significantly (p < 0.01) higher iron chelating activity than standard gallic acid with absorbance values of 0.803 and 1.107 at 250 and 500 µg/ml concentrations respectively. Pyrogallol, phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-, phytol, dl-alpha-tocopherol, alpha-tocospiro, oleamide, methyl stearate, oleic acid, palmitic acid, campesterol, stigmasterol, ß-sitosterol, urs-12-en-24-oic acid, 3-oxo-, methyl ester, lup-20(29)-en-3-one, and lupeol were detected in the selected active extracts. CONCLUSION: These results showed that leaves of the selected Nigerian plants harbor diverse group of endophytic fungi, which can be potential antioxidant resource.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Fungos/química , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Plantas Medicinais/microbiologia , Endófitos/química , Fungos/classificação , Nigéria , Plantas Medicinais/classificação
3.
Pharmacogn Rev ; 10(19): 50-9, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27041874

RESUMO

Natural product compounds obtained from medicinal plants have been great contributions in the discovery of numerous clinically useful drugs. Markhamia species have been reportedly used by many cultures in human and veterinary traditional medicines. The five identified species of Markhamia, that is, Markhamia lutea, Markhamia obtusifolia, Markhamia stipulata, Markhamia tomentosa, and Markhamia zanzibarica have been the subject of chemical investigations that have led to the characterization of their secondary metabolites. Plants of the genus with the identified phytoconstituents, including phenylpropanoid glycosides (PhGs), terpenoids, phytosterols, lignans, quinones, and flavonoids, have been claimed to possess antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, analgesic, antiinflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological research studies have reported the validation of the medicinal properties of plants of this genus. The present review analyzes published data from the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies of plants of the genus Markhamia.

4.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 193: 68-75, 2016 Dec 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27426507

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum Ex Engl. (Bignoniaceae) is used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea, oedema, pain and malaria. The leaf extract was reported to show no visible sign of toxicity on acute exposure. This present study investigates the sub-acute and chronic toxicity effects of Markhamia tomentosa in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The animals (n=6/group) were treated daily with the extract at doses of 40, 200 and 1000mg/kg orally for 28 and 90 days. Control rats received distilled water and all animals were weighed at 7 days interval. The haematological, biochemical and histological parameters were determined. RESULTS: The extract showed non-significant changes in body weight gain of treated compared to control rats in both studies. Extract significantly decreased red blood cell (RBC), mean cell haemoglobin concentration and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) parameters after the 28 day study. In the 90 day study, a significant increase in white blood cell, RBC, platelets and decrease in MCV and mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) parameters were observed. Biochemical parameters were significantly changed in both studies; triglycerides, total protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and albumin showed significant increase while creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid levels showed significant decrease. Significant increase in liver weight with no treatment-related histological changes was observed in all harvested vital organs. CONCLUSION: Markhamia tomentosa extract elicited non-toxic effect in the liver and kidney function parameters in rats. Thus, the extract is safe when administered orally.


Assuntos
Bignoniaceae , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Folhas de Planta , Animais , Etanol , Medicinas Tradicionais Africanas , Ratos
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