Recent Advances on Metal-Based Near-Infrared and Infrared Emitting OLEDs.

During the past decades, the development of emissive materials for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in infrared region has focused the interest of numerous research groups as these devices can find interest in applications ranging from optical communication to defense. To date, metal complexes have been most widely studied to elaborate near-infrared (NIR) emitters due to their low energy emissive triplet states and their facile access. In this review, an overview of the different metal complexes used in OLEDs and enabling to get an infrared emission is provided.

Carbazole-based compounds as photoinitiators for free radical and cationic polymerization upon near visible light illumination.

Six new carbazole based compounds (Ca1-Ca6) are synthesized and proposed as high performance photoinitiators with iodonium salt (iod) and/or an amine (EDB) for both the free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides upon near UV and visible light exposure using light emitting diodes (LEDs) @385 nm and @405 nm. Excellent polymerization initiating abilities are found and high final reactive function conversions are acquired. A full picture of the involved photochemical mechanisms is given.

Recent advances on organic blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).

The design of highly emissive and stable blue emitters for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is still a challenge, justifying the intense research activity of the scientific community in this field. Recently, a great deal of interest has been devoted to the elaboration of emitters exhibiting a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). By a specific molecular design consisting into a minimal overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) due to a spatial separation of the electron-donating and the electron-releasing parts, luminescent materials exhibiting small S1-T1 energy splitting could be obtained, enabling to thermally upconvert the electrons from the triplet to the singlet excited states by reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). By harvesting both singlet and triplet excitons for light emission, OLEDs competing and sometimes overcoming the performance of phosphorescence-based OLEDs could be fabricated, justifying the interest for this new family of materials massively popularized by Chihaya Adachi since 2012. In this review, we proposed to focus on the recent advances in the molecular design of blue TADF emitters for OLEDs during the last few years.

Novel pseudonucleosides and sulfamoyl-oxazolidinone ß-D-glucosamine derivative as anti-COVID-19: design, synthesis, and in silico study.

New pseudonucleosides containing cyclic sulfamide moiety and sulfamoyl ß-D-glucosamine derivative are described. These pseudonucleosides are synthesized in good yields starting from chlorosulfonyl isocyanate and ß-D-glucosamine hydrochloride in five steps; (protection, acetylation, removal of the Boc group, sulfamoylation, and cyclization). Further, novel glycosylated sulfamoyloxazolidin-2-one is prepared in three steps; carbamoylation, sulfamoylation, and intramolecular cyclization. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by usual spectroscopic and spectrometric methods NMR, IR, MS, and EA. Interesting molecular docking of the prepared pseudonucleosides and (Beclabuvir, Remdesivir) drugs with SARS-CoV-2/Mpro (PDB:5R80) was conducted using the same parameters for a fair comparison. A low binding affinity of the synthesized compounds compared to the Beclabuvir and other analysis showed that pseudonucleosides have the ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. After the motivating results of molecular docking study, the complex between the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and compound 7 was subjected to 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using Desmond module of Schrodinger suite, during which the receptor-ligand complex showed substantial stability after 10 ns of MD simulation. Also, we studied the prediction of absorption, distribution, properties of metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) of the synthesized compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

In vitro antitumor activity, molecular dynamics simulation, DFT study, ADME prediction, and Eg5 binding of enastron analogues.

The objective of this study is to evaluate a series of molecules based on cyclosulfamide as potential anticancer agents. Additionally, the study aims to analyze the obtained results through in silico studies; by conducting experiments and utilizing theoretical methods. In this context, we investigated the cytotoxic activity of enastron analogues on three human cell lines PRI (lymphoblastic cell line) derived from B-cell lymphoma. JURKAT (ATCC TIB-152) acute T cell leukaemia and K562 (ATCC CLL-243) is a chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Most of the tested compounds showed good inhibitory activity compared with the reference ligand (chlorambucil). The 5a derivative demonstrated the strongest effect against all cancer cells used. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations of the Eg5-enastron analogue complex revealed that studied molecules have the ability to inhibit the Eg5 enzyme, as evidenced by their calculated docking score. Following the promising results from the molecular docking study, the complex Eg5-4a underwent a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond. During the simulation, the receptor-ligand pairing demonstrated substantial stability after the initial 70 ns. In addition, we used DFT calculations to analyze the electronic and geometric characteristics of the studied compounds. The HOMO and LUMO band gap energies, and the molecular electrostatic potential surface were also deducted for the stable structure of each compound. Also, we studied the prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of the compounds.

BiCl3-catalyzed green synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2-quinolone analogues under microwave irradiation.

Traditional chemical synthesis, which involves the use of dangerous protocols, hazardous solvents, and toxic products and catalysts, is considered environmentally inappropriate and harmful to human health. Bearing in mind its numerous drawbacks, it has become crucial to substitute conventional chemistry with green chemistry which is safer, more ecofriendly and more effective in terms of time and selectivity. Elaborating synthetic protocols producing interesting new compounds using both microwave heating and heterogeneous non-toxic catalysts is acknowledged as a green approach that avoids many classical chemistry-related problems. In the current study, ß-enaminones were used as precursors to the synthesis of modified 4-hydroxy-2-quinolone analogues. The synthesis was monitored in a benign way under microwave irradiation and was catalyzed by bismuth chloride III in an amount of 20 mol%. This method is privileged by using a non-corrosive, non-toxic, low-cost and available bismuth Lewis acid catalyst that has made it more respectful to the demands of green chemistry. The synthesized compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields (51-71%) and were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis. Compound 5i was subjected to a complete structural elucidation using the X-ray diffraction method, and the results show the obtention of the enolic tautomeric form.

Diels-Alder route to steroids and associated structures.

The Diels-Alder reaction continues to dominate the developments in steroid synthesis. A review of literature on the Diels-Alder route to steroids is presented.

Synthesis of pentacyclic steroids.

Due to their high profile biological activity, the steroids are among the most important secondary metabolites. A review of literature on the synthesis of pentacyclic steroids is presented.

Recent advances in azasteroids chemistry.

Modified steroids have attracted a great deal of attention these last years. Their preparation is a stimulating challenge to the organic chemist, often demanding development of new and generally useful reactions. Moreover, the biological properties of modified steroids have proved to be of interest. The recent development in the partial and total syntheses of azasteroids is herein described.

Recent advances in oxasteroids chemistry.

The continuous interest in the field of oxasteroids mainly arises from the fascinating aspects associated with their peculiar stereochemical features and their promising and sometimes unexpected biological activities. The recent development in the partial and total syntheses of oxasteroids are herein described.

Recent advances in thiasteroids chemistry.

Since it has been proven these last years that the introduction of a heteroatom in the steroidal moiety could have a biological impact, there has been progress in the field of thiasteroids. The recent development in the partial and total syntheses of thiasteroids are herein described.

Efficient synthesis of C-11 functionalized steroids.

An efficient synthesis from readily available materials of numerous steroids functionalized at C-11 position, interesting from a biological point of view, is described using our general approach. The characteristic (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic features of the synthesized steroids are reported.

First total synthesis of (+/-)-3-aza-11-oxa-1,3,5(10)-trieno steroids.

We set out to describe a new and versatile method for preparing 3-aza-11-oxa-1,3,5(10)-trieno steroids via an intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition of o-quinodimethanes as the key step. The characteristic 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic features of the synthesized compounds are reported.

Total synthesis of steroids and heterosteroids from BISTRO.

Due to their high profile biological activity, the steroids are among the most important secondary metabolites. A review of literature on the total synthesis of steroids starting from BISTRO (1,8-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,6-octadiene) is presented.

A click chemistry approach to secosteroidal macrocycles.

A new synthetic pathway towards secosteroidal macrocycles was described via a reaction of cycloaddition as the key step. The characteristic (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic features of the synthesized compounds are reported.

Synthesis of various secosteroidal macrocycles by ring-closing metathesis.

We set out to describe an efficient and versatile method for preparing secosteroidal macrocycles from cholic acid, via an oxidative ring-expansion/ring-opening sequence and a ring-closing metathesis reaction as the key steps. The characteristic ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic features of the synthesized compounds are reported.

Synthesis and characterization of (±)-13-hydroxy-3,11-diaza steroids.

An efficient strategy for introducing a nitrogen atom in positions 3 and 11 of the steroidal skeleton, which are key positions for biological purposes, is described. This procedure involves an intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition of o-quinodimethanes which are generated from a 3-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-one. The characteristic (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic features of the synthesized compounds are reported.

Stereoselective synthesis of pentacyclic steroids functionalized at C-11.

We set out to describe an efficient and versatile method for preparing pentacyclic steroids diversely substituted at C-11 from cholic acid, via a stereoselective epoxidation and the epoxide opening as the key steps. The characteristic (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic features of the synthesized compounds are reported.

Synthesis of 12-oxa, 12-aza and 12-thia cholanetriols.

An efficient synthesis of 12-hetero steroids was achieved via a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation and a photolysis as the key steps. We set out to describe in this paper the first synthesis of 12-aza steroids. The characteristic (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic features of the synthesized compounds are reported.

First synthesis of thia steroids from cholic acid.

Heterosteroids remain interesting due to their potential biological activities. This prompted us to synthesize novel thia steroids possessing the heteroatom in the A-ring. We set out to describe a new and versatile method for preparing 3-thia steroids from cholic acid via a selective oxidation of one hydroxyl group, a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation and a photolysis as the key steps. The characteristic (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic features of the synthesized compounds are reported.