Bithiophene derivative induced apoptosis and suppression of Akt pathway in mouse leukemic model.

BACKGROUND: Bithiophene derivatives show a promising anti-cancer potential. We previously showed that Bithienyl Fluorobenzamidine (BFB) has an anti-proliferative effect against several leukemia cell lines. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for 18% of the total leukemia cases worldwide with heavier burden during the past 30 years. Therefore, the main aim remains the discovery of safe and effective medications. OBJECTIVE: The current research aims to investigate the anti-cancer efficacy of BFB and its effect on the apoptosis in the 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced AML in mice. METHODS: AML was induced in mice by DMBA and then treated by 2 different doses of BFB. After BFB treatment, the hematological and histological pattern changes was examined. Furthermore, the molecular effect of BFB on apoptosis, cell cycle markers and Protein kinase B (Akt) pathway was examined using qPCR, Western blotting and ELISA. RESULTS: BFB treatment ameliorates leukemia histological and hematological markers significantly, despite non-significant changes in normal mice. This improvement exhibits cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, represented by elevation of tp53/p53, p21/p21, Caspase3 and downregulation of ckk1/Cdk1 in the bone marrow, as well as Akt pathway suppression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results establishes BFB as a promising therapeutic candidate against AML through cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and Akt pathway modulation.

Postgraduate Education in Disaster Health and Medicine.

INTRODUCTION: Education is key to effective disaster management. This study reviews several postgraduate educational programs in disaster medicine. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two stages between October 2011 and February 2012. An online search was completed, followed by a web-based survey to collect information on key aspects of the identified programs. RESULTS: Thirty-four programs were identified worldwide. Public health was the main focus in 84% of these. E-learning was the preferred mode of instruction in 25% of cases. Most programs were accredited either nationally or internationally. Tuitions fees were the main source of funding. CONCLUSION: There is a dearth of postgraduate training programs in disaster health and medicine. This applies especially to Asia, which is also the most vulnerable area. Educational provision must be strengthened in Asia and in low- and middle-income countries to enhance capacity building in the health management of disasters.