Roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography of high efficiency Fresnel lenses for micro-concentrator photovoltaics.

Roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography (R2R-NIL) is an enabling technology for the low-cost mass production of high-quality micro- and nano-sized optical elements. Particularly, the fabrication of Fresnel lenses using R2R-NIL is a promising approach to produce optical arrays for micro-concentrator photovoltaic modules. This work investigates the application of a continuous R2R imprinting process based on ultraviolet curing of transparent photopolymer resins (UV-NIL) to fabricate high-efficiency and low-cost Fresnel lenses. The morphological attributes and the related optical performance of the lenses fabricated using roll-to-roll UV-NIL on flexible PET sheets yielded optical efficiency values up to ∼ 69% at a concentration ratio of 178X, whereas a value of ∼ 77% was obtained for the UV-NIL batch processed on a flat rigid substrate. Further improvement of the optical efficiency has been achieved by adding moth-eye inspired antireflective (AR) features on the side opposite to the Fresnel motifs via a double-sided R2R UV-NIL process. The process developed paves the way for cost-effective mass production of high-efficiency Fresnel lenses for micro-concentrator photovoltaics.

Improved thermal stability of antireflective moth-eye topography imprinted on PMMA/TiO2surface nanocomposites.

The thermal stability of antireflective moth-eye topographical features fabricated by nanoimprint lithography on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) incorporating TiO2nanoparticles is explored. The effect of nanoparticle load on the relaxation dynamics of the moth-eye nanostructure is evaluated via grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering measurements byin situmonitoring the structural decay of the nanopatterns upon thermal annealing. It is demonstrated that the incorporation of TiO2nanoparticles to the imprinted surface nanocomposite films delays greatly the pattern relaxation which, in turn, enhances the stability of the patterned topography even at temperatures well above the polymer glass transition (Tg). The improved thermal behavior of the antireflective films will significantly enhance their functionality and performance in light-trapping applications where temperatures typically rise, such as solar devices or solar glass panels.

Fluorescent C-NanoDots for rapid detection of BRCA1, CFTR and MRP3 gene mutations.

The authors report on a fluorometric method for the rapid detection of BRCA1, CFRT and MRP3 gene mutations. These are associated with breast cancer, cystic fibrosis and autoimmune hepatitis diseases, respectively. Carbon nanodots with blue fluorescence (with excitation/emission maxima at 340/440 nm) were synthesized and characterized, and their interactions with DNA were investigated. Changes in the fluorescence intensity following interaction with ssDNA and dsDNA were used for specific DNA sequence of BRCA1, CFRT and MRP3 genes detection. The response to DNAs is linear up to 200 nM and the detection limit is 270 pM. The assay selectivity allows the detection of single gene mutations. Under optimum conditions, the assay can rapidly discriminate between wild type and mutated samples. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of fluorescence assay for rapid detection of gene mutation based on fluorescent carbon nanodots.

Bioinspired antireflective flexible films with optimized mechanical resistance fabricated by roll to roll thermal nanoimprint.

This work describes the fabrication process of moth eye antireflective poly (methyl methacrylate) transparent films via roll to roll thermal nanoimprint lithography. The process parameters are investigated and adjusted in order to obtain from a single moth-eye structured mold, a range of antireflective topographies that gradually vary their geometry from protruding to intruding nanocones. A correlation between the process parameters with the optical and mechanical properties of the films is established to illustrate the influence of the processing parameters and serve as guideline to produce antireflective flexible films with balanced properties and optimized performance adequate to the application environment. A finite element model is described predicting the mechanical behavior of the moth-eye PMMA imprinted nanostructures.

Nano-engineering safer-by-design nanoparticle based moth-eye mimetic bactericidal and cytocompatible polymer surfaces.

Nanotechnology provides a new design paradigm for alternative antibacterial strategies in the fight against drug-resistant bacteria. In this paper, the enhanced bactericidal action of moth-eye nanocomposite surfaces with a collaborative nanoparticle functional and topography structural mode of action is reported. The moth-eye nanocomposite surfaces are fabricated in combined processing steps of nanoparticle coating and surface nanoimprinting enabling the production of safer-by-design nanoparticle based antibacterial materials whereby the nanoparticle load is minimized whilst bactericidal efficiency is improved. The broad antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite moth-eye topographies is demonstrated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as model bacteria. The antibacterial performance of the moth-eye nanocomposite topographies is notably improved over that of the neat moth-eye surfaces with bacteria inhibition efficiencies up to 90%. Concurrently, the moth-eye nanocomposite topographies show a non-cytotoxic behaviour allowing for the normal attachment and proliferation of human keratinocytes.

Single-imprint moth-eye anti-reflective and self-cleaning film with enhanced resistance.

Antireflective transparent materials are essential for a myriad of applications to allow for clear vision and efficient light transmission. Despite the advances, efficient and low cost solutions to clean antireflective surfaces have remained elusive. Here, we present a practical approach that enables the production of antireflective polymer surfaces based on moth-eye inspired features incorporating photoinduced self-cleaning properties and enhanced mechanical resistance. The methodology involves the fabrication of sub-wavelength moth-eye nanofeatures onto transparent surface composite films in a combined processing step of nanoparticle coating and surface nanoimprinting. The resulting surfaces reduced the optical reflection losses from values of 9% of typical PMMA plastic films to an optimum value of 0.6% in the case of double-sided moth-eye nanoimprinted films. The composite moth-eye topography also showed an improved stiffness and scratch resistance. This technology represents a significant advancement not limited by scale, for the development of antireflective films for low cost application products.