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AIM: The current study was carried out to assess the interaction between fibrin clots and dental implants following various surface treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this investigation, 45 dental implants with dimensions of 16 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter were utilized. They were divided up into three groups, each consisting of fifteen samples. Group I: Control; Group II: Ultraviolet (UV) light treated; and group III: Sandblasted and acid-etching (SLA) treated. Healthy volunteers' venous blood samples were drawn into vacutainer tubes without the use of anticoagulants. The samples were centrifuged for 3 minutes at 2700 rpm in a table centrifuge. The entire implant was submerged in room-temperature liquid fibrinogen for 60 minutes. Then, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was used to examine each sample. The inter- and intragroup assessments were obtained using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test; p-values less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS: The maximum adhesion of fibrin clot was found in SLA treated group (2.42 ± 0.10) followed by the UV light-treated group (2.18 ± 0.08) and control group (1.20 ± 0.02). There was a statistically significant difference found between the three surface-treated groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: All surface-treatment methods exhibit adhesion between the implant surface and the fibrin clot. However, the highest adherence of fibrin clot was found in SLA treated group compared to the UV light-treated and control group. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The physical and chemical characteristics of an implant's surface have a significant impact on the way blood clots organize. At the interface between the implant and the bone, blood clot production can initiate and facilitate the healing process. How to cite this article: Jalaluddin M, Ramanna PK, Swain M, et al. Evaluation of Fibrin Clot Interaction with Dental Implant after Different Surface Treatments: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(3):276-279.
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Implantes Dentários , Fibrina , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Propriedades de Superfície , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Coagulação Sanguínea , Raios Ultravioleta , Condicionamento Ácido do DenteRESUMO
AIM: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate Titanium and Bioneck TRI implant-abutment interfaces for microgaps and microbiological leakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro experiment, 40 dental implants were split into two groups, each of which had 20 samples. Group I: Titanium dental implant, group II: Bioneck TRI. E. coli strain was cultivated in MacConkey media for 24 hours at 37°C. To achieve a bacterial concentration of 1 × 108 colony-forming units per mL at 0.5 scale of MacFarland, the brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth was injected. The CFU count was done to evaluate the microbial leakage. The parts were first submerged, carefully cleaned in an ultrasonic bath, and then installed using a digital torque meter with a 20 N/cm preload. These were attached to a stub of approximately 13 mm using carbon tape, and the microgap evaluation was performed using a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of x1000. Unpaired t-test was used for the calculated data's statistical analysis. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: The maximum microbial leakage was in Bioneck TRI implants (10000 ± 0.01) followed by Titanium dental implants (8.60 ± 3.16). The mean difference was 9991.40 and there was a statistically significant difference found between the two different groups. The maximum microgap was found in the Bioneck TRI implants (9.72 ± 0.96), followed by Titanium dental implant (6.82 ± 1.10) and there was a statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that the microorganisms can infiltrate the microgap between the implant and abutment interface. When compared with Titanium dental implants, Bioneck TRI implants showed significantly higher levels of microbial leakage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A microgap between the implant and abutment connection might operate as a bacterial source, may produce inflammation, even osseointegration in danger, and subsequently alter clinical and histological parameters. Therefore, having an understanding of the compatible components aids in overcoming treatment planning challenges.
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Implantes Dentários , Escherichia coli , Titânio , Projetos de Pesquisa , CarbonoRESUMO
The generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) through nonenzymatic protein glycation contributes to the pathogenesis of long-lived diabetic problems. Metformin (MTF) is the very first drug having antihyperglycemic effects on type II diabetes mellitus which also possess interaction with dicarbonyl compounds and blocks the formation of AGEs. In the current study, MTF is bioconjugated with glycation-derived synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of significant size. Additionally, using various biophysical and biochemical approaches, we investigated the antiglycating capacity MTF-GNPs in contrast to MTF against d-ribose-derived glycation of bovine serum albumin. Our key findings via utilizing various assays demonstrated that MTF-GNPs were able to inhibit AGEs development by reducing hyperchromicity, early glycation products, carbonyl content, hydxoxymethylfurfural content, production of fluorescent AGEs, normalizing the loss of secondary structure (i.e., α-helix and ß-sheets) of proteins, elevating the levels of free lysine and free arginine more efficiently compared to pure MTF. Based on these results, we concluded that MTF-GNPs possess a considerable antiglycation property and may be developed as an outstanding anti-AGEs treatment drug. Further in vivo and clinical research are necessary to determine the therapeutic effects of MTF-GNPs against AGE-related and metabolic disorders.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Metformina , Arginina , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Ouro , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Lisina/química , Metformina/farmacologia , Ribose/química , Ribose/metabolismo , Soroalbumina Bovina/química , Soroalbumina Bovina/metabolismoRESUMO
AIM: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of various root-conditioning agents on root surfaces that are periodontally affected. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 human teeth having single root that were extracted because of chronic periodontitis were chosen. The extracted teeth were cleaned of saliva and blood using a soft-bristled brush and distilled water. The investigational groups were categorized into group I-doxycycline HCl, group II-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and group III-tetracycline HCl. Samples were readied for histological study by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM was used to assess the effectiveness of smear layer removal, amount of patent dentinal tubules out of the totality of dentinal tubules present, and the appreciation of collagen fiber-like structures inside the intertubular area. RESULTS: The highest efficacy for smear layer removal was seen for group III-tetracycline HCl samples (1.80 ± 0.148) followed next by group II-EDTA (1.36 ± 0.230), and group I-doxycycline HCl (1.30 ± 0.283). The highest number of patent dentinal tubules were seen in group III-tetracycline HCl (44.50 ± 0.18) followed immediately by group II-EDTA (38.10 ± 0.42), and group I-doxycycline HCl (34.90 ± 0.23). The highest number of appreciation of collagen-like structures was recorded in group III-tetracycline HCl (2.64 ± 0.04) followed next by group I-doxycycline HCl (1.88 ± 0.10) and group II-EDTA (1.76 ± 0.28). CONCLUSION: The present in vitro study concludes tetracycline HCl root-conditioning agent to be significantly more efficient in smear layer removal, exposing collagen fibers and amount of patent dentinal tubules than doxycycline HCl and EDTA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The modification of the root surface of human teeth with the use of root conditioning agents leads to enhanced attachment by connective tissue resulting in improved reconstructive periodontal treatment goals.
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Camada de Esfregaço , Raiz Dentária , Dentina , Ácido Edético , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , TetraciclinaRESUMO
Oxidative, carbonyl, and glycative stress have gained substantial attention recently for their alleged influence on cancer progression. Oxidative stress can trigger variable transcription factors, such as nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), protein-53 (p-53), activating protein-1 (AP-1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), ß-catenin/Wnt and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Activated transcription factors can lead to approximately 500 different alterations in gene expression, and can alter expression patterns of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, regulatory cell cycle molecules, and anti-inflammatory molecules. These alterations of gene expression can induce a normal cell to become a tumor cell. Glycative stress resulting from advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and reactive dicarbonyls can significantly affect cancer progression. AGEs are fashioned from the multifaceted chemical reaction of reducing sugars with a compound containing an amino group. AGEs bind to and trigger the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) through AGE-RAGE interaction, which is a major modulator of inflammation allied tumors. Dicarbonyls like, GO (glyoxal), MG (methylglyoxal) and 3-DG (3-deoxyglucosone) fashioned throughout lipid peroxidation, glycolysis, and protein degradation are viewed as key precursors of AGEs. These dicarbonyls lead to the carbonyl stress in living organisms, possibly resulting in carbonyl impairment of proteins, carbohydrates, DNA, and lipoproteins. The damage caused by carbonyls results in numerous lesions, some of which are involved in cancer pathogenesis. In this review, the effects of oxidative, carbonyl and glycative stress on cancer initiation and progression are thoroughly discussed, including probable signaling pathways and the effects on tumorigenesis.
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Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Glicosilação , Humanos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Oxirredução , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
AIM: The present study aims to assess the efficacy of non-resorbable and bioabsorbable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane periodontal tissue regenerative methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty teeth taken from 20 patients (8 males and 12 females) within the age range of 20-55 years having chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this trial. All the enrolled patients underwent phase I therapy which included scaling and root planing performed in two sittings by a single practitioner. Patients who fulfilled the selection criteria entered the study and were randomly allocated to the three groups. Group I: control group, group II: patients who received a non-resorbable GTR membrane, and group III: patients who received a bioabsorbable GTR membrane. The clinical parameters that were documented at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively were the gingival index, plaque index, and probing depth (vertical and horizontal) for all the three groups. RESULTS: The mean gingival index score was 1.64 ± 0.32 in group III at baseline, which decreased to 1.20 ± 0.10 at 6 months postoperatively. The plaque index reduced from 1.36 ± 0.46 at baseline to 1.04 ± 0.01 at 6 months postoperatively. The vertical and horizontal probing depths demonstrated a statistically significant difference between all the three groups. CONCLUSION: The present study established that both membranes resulted in clinically and statistically significant improvements in the treatment of grade II furcation defects.
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Defeitos da Furca , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada Periodontal , Implantes Absorvíveis , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Membranas Artificiais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various concentrations of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract on periodontal pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Matured, healthy and disease-free leaves of Eucalyptus globulus were collected. The leaves were washed under tap water and finally dried in an oven at a temperature of 45°C for 48 hours. The dried plants were ground in an electric blender to make them into a powder. The powder was mixed with 100% ethanol and kept it inside a shaker overnight at 35°C. The mixture was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2,500 rpm. Three different concentrations (10%, 50%, and 100% v/v) were used as antibacterial agents. Chlorhexidine (0.2%) was considered as positive control and dimethyl formamide was considered as negative control against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the extract's antibacterial activity against the test organisms. A digital Vernier caliper was used to measure the diameter of antibacterial activity showing the zone of inhibition in millimeters. RESULTS: Eucalyptus globulus with 100% concentration showed a maximum zone of inhibition against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis (5.38 ± 0.32 mm, 4.82 ± 0.11 mm) followed by 50% and 10% accordingly. The negative control of dimethyl formamide showed a zone of inhibition of 0.48 ± 0.96 mm and 0.63 ± 0.20 mm against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The positive control of 0.2% chlorhexidine showed a zone of inhibition of 8.46 ± 1.02 mm and 7.18 ± 0.54 mm against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The ANOVA test showed a highly significant antibacterial efficacy in 0.2% chlorhexidine and 100% concentration Eucalyptus globulus. CONCLUSION: A significant maximum zone of inhibition against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis was showed by 100% concentration of Eucalyptus globulus. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Other than the systemic diseases treatment, Eucalyptus globulus also serves as an effective promising alternative to antibiotics in the prevention of oral infections because of the natural phytochemicals existing in them.
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Eucalyptus , Antibacterianos , Clorexidina , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
AIM: The present study aims to assess the efficacy of different periodontal dressing materials on wound healing clinically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 patients between the age group of 30-45 years, with chronic generalized periodontitis with loss of attachment of 3-6 mm, who require periodontal flap surgery, were screened to include in the study. Out of 45 subjects, 24 were males and 21 were females. The subjects were randomized into 3 groups as 15 in each. Group I: a collagen dressing, group II: light-cure dressing, and group III: non-eugenol-based dressing. The clinical parameters such as plaque index, vertical probing depth, pain, gingival index, and patient satisfaction were documented for all the three groups on the 7th and the 14th day. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to score the pain severity. The SPSS 20 software was used to analyze the data. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: The mean gingival index score reduced from 1.40 ± 0.14 to 1.10 ± 0.30 in group I, from 1.48 ± 0.01 to 1.26 ± 0.22 in group II, and from 1.58 ± 0.16 to 1.33 ± 0.10 in group III. The mean plaque index score reduced from 1.48 ± 0.56 to 1.18 ± 0.40 in group I, from 1.46 ± 0.01 to 1.24 ± 0.48 in group II, and from 1.42 ± 0.12 to 1.20 ± 0.20 in group III. There was a statistical difference found in all the three groups and between the groups from the plaque and gingival index scores. The probing depth comparison shows a significant difference in group I. Patient satisfaction was almost similar in all the groups. The pain index showed the reduction in the pain severity from the 7th day to the 14th day in all the subjects from all the three groups. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the periodontal wound covered with a collagen dressing material showed significant evidence to provide symptomatic relief and better healing to the patients compared to that of light-cure and non-eugenol periodontal dressing material.
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Perda da Inserção Periodontal , Curativos Periodontais , Cicatrização , Adulto , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/terapia , Índice Periodontal , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Differentiation of muscle satellite cells (MSCs) involves interaction of the proteins present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) with MSCs to regulate their activity, and therefore phenotype. Herein, we report fibromodulin (FMOD), a member of the proteoglycan family participating in the assembly of ECM, as a novel regulator of myostatin (MSTN) during myoblast differentiation. In addition to having a pronounced effect on the expression of myogenic marker genes [myogenin (MYOG) and myosin light chain 2 (MYL2)], FMOD was found to maintain the transcriptional activity of MSTN Moreover, coimmunoprecipitation and in silico studies performed to investigate the interaction of FMOD helped confirm that it antagonizes MSTN function by distorting its folding and preventing its binding to activin receptor type IIB. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed that FMOD plays an active role in healing by increasing satellite cell recruitment to sites of injury. Together, these findings disclose a hitherto unrecognized regulatory role for FMOD in MSCs and highlight new mechanisms whereby FMOD circumvents the inhibitory effects of MSTN and triggers myoblast differentiation. These findings offer a basis for the design of novel MSTN inhibitors that promote muscle regeneration after injury or for the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of different muscle atrophies.-Lee, E. J., Jan, A. T., Baig, M. H., Ashraf, J. M., Nahm, S.-S., Kim, Y.-W., Park, S.-Y., Choi, I. Fibromodulin: a master regulator of myostatin controlling progression of satellite cells through a myogenic program.
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Fibromodulina/metabolismo , Miostatina/metabolismo , Células Satélites de Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular , Colágeno , Fibromodulina/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Marcadores Genéticos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Desenvolvimento Muscular/fisiologia , Atrofia Muscular/metabolismo , Mioblastos/fisiologia , Miostatina/genéticaRESUMO
Aim: The current study was conducted to assess the effects of various surface treatments on the implant surface. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 dental implants measuring 16 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter were used, along with the appropriate abutments. Depending on the surface treatment used, the samples were randomly split into three groups, with 15 implants in each group: Group 1: Control, Group 2: UV light-treated, Group 3: Sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA)-treated. After surface treatment, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to assess the test samples' surface properties. All sample images were captured using a 3000× magnification. After all three groups' surfaces were treated, the surface roughness was measured using a digital optical profilometer with a stylus speed of 0.5 mm/s that was connected to computer software. Results: The maximum surface roughness was found in the group treated with SLA (0.714 ± 0.12), followed by the group treated with UV light (0.692 ± 0.09) and the control group (0.516 ± 0.12). There was a significant difference found between different surface treatment methods. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the group that received the SLA treatment had the highest surface roughness when compared to the UV light and control groups.
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Background Periodontal diseases are widespread oral health conditions. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the knowledge, awareness, and practices related to periodontal health assessment and mechanical plaque control among specific populations, such as those residing in Shillong, Meghalaya. Shillong, being the capital city of Meghalaya in northeastern India, represents a diverse demographic and cultural landscape. Aim This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and practices related to mechanical plaque control among the population of Shillong City. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the residents of Shillong City, Meghalaya. Data collection involved the administration of an 18-item, closed-ended, self-structured questionnaire. Before the main data collection, a pilot study was conducted involving 63 individuals. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), employing the chi-square test and ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05. Results Study participants were categorized into five age groups spanning from 21 to 64 years old, with the age group of 41 to 50 years demonstrating the highest mean knowledge score. Age exhibited a statistically significant influence on knowledge scores. Conclusion The study reveals a commendable level of knowledge, awareness, and adherence to practices regarding the primary tool for oral hygiene maintenance, the toothbrush, among the residents of Shillong City.
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Calculus represents a mineralized form of bacterial plaque, commonly developing on natural tooth surfaces exposed to a continuous supply of saliva. The salivary composition significantly influences the degree of calculus formation in individuals, exerting a pivotal role in this aspect. Reduced salivary output elevates vulnerability to oral diseases. Numerous contributing elements might be associated with the development of significant calculus, potentially implicating the existence of a salivary gland tumor, notably related to the left parotid gland. This report stands as notable documentation of an extraordinary and infrequent occurrence of calculus formation associated with a salivary gland tumor, presenting an exceptional case within the scope of medical literature.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status of the adult population of the Bhoi community of Nimapara block in Puri district of Odisha. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 433 adults Bhois using a multistage randomized sampling method in Nimapara Block of Dhanua Gram Panchayat, Puri District. Data were collected using the modified WHO Oral Health Assessment Form, 2013. Number and percentages were derived using MS Excel and SPSS package version 26.0. Comparison between discrete and continuous data was done using the Chi-square test and ANOVA. The P value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mean Decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) for all study participants was 3.94 ± 3.106. The average DMFT scores for males and females were 3.89 ± 2.938 and 4.0 ± 3.30 respectively. The average shallow and deep pocket presences were 1.20 ± 0.680 and 1.90 ± 0.310, respectively. The mean calculus was 2.13 ± 0.476. The highest loss of attachment of 6 to 8 mm was seen in 92 (21.2%) subjects. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases was high. As there is a lack of knowledge about oral hygiene maintenance, proper health education should be administered.
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Aim: The aim of this research was to identify the antimicrobial effectiveness of three different mouthwashes on periodontal pathogenic microorganisms. Materials and Methods: 2 periodontal disease-causing microorganisms, i.e., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, were chosen for this investigation. Prior to commencing this research, a variety of branded and commercially obtainable mouthwashes were procured. Three oral rinses, namely HiOra, Hexidine, and Amflor, were chosen for the current research. The subculture of A. actinomycetemcomitans as well as P. gingivalis was performed by subjecting them to incubation for 48 to 72 hours at 35-37°C. The disk diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of the extract in opposition to the pathogens tested. The zone of inhibition was calculated in millimeters. The mean value of every sample was documented. Results: Hexidine oral rinse in pursuit by Amflor as well as HiOra oral rinse exhibited the highest zone of inhibition in opposition to A. Actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The differences amid the groups were statistically significant with a P value < 0.001. Conclusion: The current research concluded that amid the three different oral rinses employed in the current research, Hexidine oral rinse exhibited greatest antimicrobial effectiveness versus Amflor and HiOra mouthrinse.
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Aim: The aim of the current research was to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of chitosan-based tetracycline gel on periodontal pathogenic microorganisms. Materials and Methods: Preparation of chitosan-based tetracycline gel of 0.7% and 1% was done. In addition, 0.2 g of chitosan, 1% citric acid, and then 0.35 g of tetracycline in that order was added. Furthermore, 0.5 g of the tetracycline, which had been subjected to crushing and then stirring in a glass beaker to obtain a homogeneous gel was subjected to insertion into the syringe sterile. Such material prepared at the instance will attempt to investigate the sensitivity of bacteria in Surabaya to preserve the steadiness of the material. Evaluation of antimicrobial outcomes of chitosan-based tetracycline gel was performed against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Results: The highest region of inhibition was noted at 28.26 ± 1.08 mm, 23.98 ± 2.02 mm against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis at 1% chitosan-based tetracycline gel, in pursuit by the 0.7% chitosan-based tetracycline gel at 15.12 ± 0.16 mm and 14.48 ± 1.22 mm region of inhibition, followed by a control group that exhibited 4.16 ± 1.29 mm and 4.82 ± 1.20 mm regions of inhibition against either of the pathogens. Conclusion: To conclude, the chitosan-based tetracycline gel is efficient in restraining the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis bacteria. Tetracycline 1% gel-based chitosan exhibited maximum antibacterial action since it depicted the maximum inhibition region diameter versus tetracycline gel 0.7%.
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Oral health is vital for the general well-being, overall body health and the quality of life throughout our lifetime. Most of the oral diseases and conditions are largely related to the maintenance of oral hygiene, lacking that people suffer from diverse oral diseases at different times in their life. With greater life expectancy, the individuals have teeth involved with periodontal diseases that would not only require professional care but also home gum care for them to last a lifetime. Indian Society of Periodontology (ISP) has recognized the need for systematic documents to update everyday clinical practice of general dental practitioners and have provided evidence-based consensus documents, namely good clinical practice recommendations from time to time to raise the oral health-related awareness and standards of oral healthcare delivery across the country. The current set of clinical practice recommendations focused to "Gum Care for All", is aimed at emphasizing and enhancing the awareness regarding oral health promotion, maintenance, and disease prevention. Twenty-five subject matter experts from across the nation, prepared these recommendations after a thorough literature review and group discussions. The document has been prepared in three distinct sections, namely pretherapeutic, therapeutic, and post therapeutic, to provide guidance during the respective phases of patient management and may serve as a quick and concise reference to the readers. The guidelines shall provide the distinct definitions, signs and symptoms, treatment required; recall visit specifications for plausible clinical case situations, home care advice regarding maintenance of oral hygiene including information on brushing technique, care and change of brush, use of interdental aids, and mouthwashes, etc. The document should advocate and guide the combined efforts of general dentists, and the population at large toward an empowered, evidence based, integrated, and comprehensive oral health care, which shall enhance the healthful functioning and longevity of the dentition and general health of the individual.
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Background: In Odisha, the scheduled castes account for 17.13% of the overall population. In spite of prioritizing the oral health status of children globally, oral diseases continue to be a major public health problem in India. Due to lack of literature and baseline data, the aim of the study was to assess the oral health status of children of Bhoi scheduled caste of Nimapara block in Puri district of Odisha. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 208 Bhoi children who were enrolled using a multistage randomized sampling method in Nimapara Block of Dhanua Gram Panchayat, Puri District. Information on sociodemographic details and oral health status were collected using the modified WHO Oral Health Assessment Form for children, 2013. Number and percentages was derived using MS Excel and SPSS package version 26.0. Comparison between discrete and continuous data was done using Chi-square test and ANOVA. P value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mean DMFT and dmft of the total study participants were 1.28 ± 1.159 and 2.53 ± 1.058, respectively, and these findings were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among the age group of 6-12 years, the mean number of sextants with bleeding and calculus were 0.66 ± 0.476 and 0.62 ± 0.686, respectively, and among 13-15 years aged group, they were 0.86 ± 0.351 and 1.52 ± 0.688. Mild fluorosis was detected in the study population. Dental trauma was seen in 21% of the Bhoi children. Conclusion: Most of the participants had poor oral hygiene and the prevalence of dental caries was high. As there is lack of knowledge about oral hygiene maintenance, proper health education should be administered. Under these circumstances, the implementation of preventive programs such as pit and fissure sealants, atraumatic restorative restorations can be implemented to reduce the dental caries.
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Aim: The aim of the current research was to evaluate the effectiveness of three desensitizing agents on the occlusion of dentinal tubules. Materials and Methods: Eighty human maxillary and mandibular permanent premolar teeth that were subjected to extraction in the course of orthodontic treatment were utilized in this study. The teeth were subjected to sectioning by employing a double-sided diamond disk. A block was procured from every even cervical dentinal surface with dimensions of 4 mm × 4 mm × 3 mm (L × B × H) by sectioning the tooth transversely. Further, 35% phosphoric acid was utilized for 30 s to cause dentinal etching, thereby exposing the dentinal tubules. The blocks of dentin were assigned at random to one of the following four groups (n = 20): group I: control, group II: bioactive glass containing desensitizing agent, group III: 1% nano-hydroxyapatite containing desensitizing agent, group IV: tri-calcium phosphate-containing desensitizing agent. The exterior of the specimens was scanned and evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. Results: 1% nano-hydroxyapatite-containing desensitizing agent (2.04 ± 0.08) exhibited higher mean dentinal tubular blockage, followed by the bioactive class-containing desensitizing substance (2.26 ± 0.19), tri-calcium phosphate desensitizing agent (2.84 ± 0.10), and the control group (4.18 ± 0.12) in that order. Amid the experimental groups employing the various desensitizing substances, there were significant differences statistically with P < 0.001. Conclusion: The current research concluded that each of the three desensitizing agents was efficient in dentinal tubular occlusion regardless of their different chemical constitution. However, it was noted that 1% nano-hydroxyapatite-containing desensitizing agent was marginally superior to the bioactive glass- and tri-calcium phosphate-containing desensitizing agents.
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Aim: The aim of the current study was to assess the clinical success of immediate loading implant in the esthetic zone. Materials and Methods: 20 patients with 20 teeth to get replaced were selected for the study. All patients underwent a pre-surgical preparation followed by draping. Following stringent asepsis, necessary precaution was taken to not to injure the socket wall while removal of tooth. After removal, socket was thoroughly cleaned and curetted with saline and betadine. Using physiodispenser and drills, socket was properly prepared for implant insertion taking care of irrigation with saline to avoid heating of socket while drilling. Implants were then placed with initial stability with hand motion followed by complete insertion with hand ratchet. Black silk sutures were used to close the socket. Patients underwent the first control one week after surgery. They were recalled at the 1st, 3rd and 6th months to evaluate the following parameters to assess the success of immediate implant placement: mobility, soft tissue conditions (gingival index and probing pocket depth (PPD)), and a graded scale ranging from "very satisfied" to "very unsatisfied" were employed to subjectively evaluate patient contentedness. Results: During the 1st and 3rd months, 100% mobility was absent. But on the 6th month, the implant of 3 patients (15%) was mobile. The maximum gingival index score was noted in the 1st month (1.02 ± 0.01) and reduced more in the 3rd month (0.74 ± 0.08). The probing depth was more in the 1st month (3.88 ± 0.10) and it was reduced in the 3rd month (3.02 ± 0.12). Significant difference was not found between different times of intervals. 14 patients were very satisfied, 5 patients were fairly satisfied, and 1 was fairly unsatisfied. Conclusion: The current study concluded that immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone has a better success rate with good patient acceptance.
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Hundreds of millions of people around the globe are afflicted by diabetes mellitus. The alteration in glucose fixation process might result into hyperglycaemia and could affect the circulating plasma proteins to undergo nonenzymatic glycation reaction. If it is unchecked, it may lead to diabetes with increase in advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Therefore, the present study was designed to inhibit the diabetes and glycation by using natural antioxidant "ellagic acid" (EA). In this study, we explored the antidiabetes and antiglycation potential of EA in both in vitro (EA at micromolar concentration) and in vivo systems. The EA concentrations of 10 and 20 mg kg-1B.W./day were administered orally for 25 days to alloxan-induced diabetic rats, a week after confirmation of stable diabetes in animals. Intriguingly, EA supplementation in diabetic rats reversed the increase in fasting blood sugar (FBS) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level. EA also showed an inhibitory role against glycation intermediates including dicarbonyls, as well as AGEs, investigated in a glycation mixture with in vitro and in vivo animal plasma samples. Additionally, EA treatment resulted in inhibition of lipid peroxidation-mediated malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD). Furthermore, EA exhibited an antioxidant property, increased the level of plasma glutathione (GSH), and also helped to decrease histological changes evaluated by histoimmunostaining of animal kidney tissues. The results from our investigation clearly indicates the antiglycative property of EA, suggesting EA as an adequate inhibitor of glycation and diabetes, which can be investigated further in preclinical settings for the treatment and management of diabetes-associated complications.