Depression and Its Severity Are Strongly Associated with Both Storage and Voiding Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Independently of Prostate Volume.

Depression is related to various functional medical conditions. Its association with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is also expected. We evaluated whether depression and its severity are associated with LUTS when LUTS risk factors including prostate volume (PV) are taken into account in a large population of Korean men. Study subjects included 10,275 men who underwent routine health check-ups at the Healthcare System Gangnam Center of Seoul National University Hospital. Depression was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory-II and LUTS using international prostate symptom score. PV was measured using transrectal ultrasonography by a radiologist. Effect sizes of depression severity on total, storage, and voiding symptoms were assessed. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, mild, moderate and severe depression were associated with total (adjusted odds ratio: aOR = 2.99, 3.86 and 8.99; all P < 0.001), voiding (aOR = 3.04, 3.28 and 5.58; all P < 0.001) and storage symptoms (aOR = 2.43, 3.43 and 2.89; all P < 0.05) showing dose response relationships (all P trend < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis for participants with PV data (n = 1,925), mild and moderate-severe depression were also associated with LUTS (aOR = 3.29, 2.84; P < 0.001 and 0.018, respectively). In conclusion, depression and its severity are strongly associated with total, voiding, and storage symptoms independently of PV state.

Decreased Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis with Taller Height in an East Asian Population: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have explored factors impacting osteoarthritis (OA), but its relationship with height remains uncertain. This study investigates the relationship between height and osteoarthritis risk in South Korea. METHODS: Participants aged 50 or older who underwent health screenings in 2009 were selected from the National Health Insurance System database. A total of 1,138,904 subjects were divided into height quartiles (Q1-Q4) based on age and gender. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess knee osteoarthritis incidence risk, with the shortest quartile (Q1) as the reference. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, income, smoking, drinking, exercise, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and body mass index (BMI), no significant difference in OA incidence risk based on height was observed. However, when adjusted for weight instead of BMI, we observed a gradual decrease in hazard ratio with increasing height. The hazard ratio for the tallest group was 0.787 (95% CI, 0.781~0.795). Similar results were obtained in all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to previous studies, our findings present a clear distinction. Therefore, there may be racial differences in the association between height and knee OA risk, and our study provides evidence that, in East Asian populations, taller individuals have a reduced risk of knee OA.

Nonviral gene delivery to human ovarian cancer cells using arginine-grafted PAMAM dendrimer.

BACKGROUND: A specific and effective strategy is in demand to treat ovarian cancer successfully. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in ovarian cancer, and thus EGFR antisense gene therapy can be a potential therapeutic strategy. METHOD: L-Arginine-grafted-polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM-Arg) has been reported to be a novel nonviral gene delivery carrier. Therefore, the ability of PAMAM-Arg in transferring a luciferase gene to ovarian carcinoma SK-OV3 cells has been examined, and the cytotoxicity of the cationic polymer has been investigated. In addition, the suppression of cell proliferation has been evaluated by transferring an EGFR antisense gene to SK-OV3 cells using PAMAM-Arg. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) 25K was used as a positive control. RESULTS: As a result, in vitro gene transfection efficiency of PAMAM-Arg was enhanced with increasing transfection time and N/P ratios. PAMAM-Arg transferred the luciferase gene into cells more efficiently than PEI. In addition, PAMAM-Arg was minimally toxic to the cells whereas PEI 25K was highly toxic. The polyplexes formed by the EGFR antisense gene and PAMAM-Arg significantly reduced thymidine incorporation into the cells suggesting the suppression of cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a PAMAM-Arg/EGFR antisense gene complex can be used as a safe and efficient therapeutic agent for cancer gene therapy.

Nanoparticulate platinum(II) anticancer drug: synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic cyclotriphosphazene-platinum(II) conjugates.

Novel cyclotriphosphazene-platinum(II) conjugates were prepared by hydrolysis and platination of the amphiphilic cyclotriphosphazenes grafted with equimolar hydrophilic methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) and hydrophobic oligopeptide. These macromolecular conjugates were found to form stable nanoparticles with a mean diameter of approximately 90-200 nm depending on the hydrophobicity of the conjugated (diamine)platinum moieties. The nanoparticulate platinum(II) conjugates have shown temperature and concentration dependent particle sizes. However, the particle sizes of the conjugates were found to decrease to a certain size as the solution concentration was decreased but remained stable even at 10 microM, which is enough for systemic delivery by injection. The conjugates exhibited lower in vitro cytotoxicity than cisplatin but reasonably good activity against selected human tumor cell lines.

Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) are considered to be diseases with common traits that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease incidence; studies in other countries examined the relationship between these diseases. However, existing studies did not show consistent results. In the present study, the relationship between RA and Mets in Koreans was examined using the data of the 4th and 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS: The present study used the data of the 4th and 5th KNHANES, conducted between 2007 and 2012. Among 25,812 adults aged over 40, 19,893 were selected as study subjects, excluding 5,919 who did not have variable information needed for the analysis. T-test and chi-square test were used for the analysis of related variables. To determine the relationship between diagnostic status of RA and Mets, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed by controlling confounding variables, which were selected through literature review and statistical analysis. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between diagnostic status of RA and Mets. When age, education level, average monthly household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, and level of physical activity were adjusted, the prevalence of Mets was lower in RA patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.96). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between treatment status of RA and Mets. When age, education level, average monthly household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, and level of physical activity were adjusted, there was a significant negative correlation in women (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.96). CONCLUSION: The relationship between RA and Mets showed a significantly negative correlation in Korean women. The group that received RA treatment showed significantly lower prevalence of the Mets as compared to the untreated group in Korean RA women.

Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

BACKGROUND: Small vessel disease is an important cause of cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment in the elderly. There have been conflicting results regarding the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and ischemic stroke. This study aimed to examine the association between H. pylori infection and cerebral small vessel disease. METHODS: The study included 1,117 patients who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and H. pylori identification between 2005 and 2013 at Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Hospital. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between H. pylori infection and small vessel disease with adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, body mass index, smoking status, problem drinking, and antiplatelet use. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for the association between H. pylori infection and silent brain infarction and cerebral microbleeds were 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-1.61) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.38-1.28), respectively. The aORs for silent brain infarction and cerebral microbleeds were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.44-1.44) and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.30-1.18) in patients aged <65 years and 1.59 (95% CI, 0.78-3.22) and 1.89 (95% CI, 0.38-9.33) in those aged >65 years, respectively. Moreover, the aORs for silent brain infarction and cerebral microbleeds were 0.96 (95% CI, 0.54-1.71) and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.33-1.69) in H. pylori-infected patients without atrophic gastritis and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.48-1.62) and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.43-2.27) in those with atrophic gastritis, respectively. CONCLUSION: No association between H. pylori infection and small vessel disease was observed. H. pylori-induced inflammation may not be a risk factor for microcirculatory damage in the brain.

Sexual life and self-esteem in married elderly.

The elderly population in South Korea is increasing. But traditionally in Korea, there is a tendency for the elderly to be cautious and sensitive to how their children view them, and younger generations tend to consider elderly sexuality to be a subject of taboo. Nevertheless, a person's sexual life is a general condition that affects the body, mental health and personality. Therefore, it is important to examine the relationship between the actual conditions of sexual life of elderly and self-esteem during old age. Sexual life was important for 38.5% of the research subjects and very important for 23.7%. Sexual partners were spouses for 93.4%. The self-esteem range was 20-38 with an average of 28.23. Those who were maintaining a sexual life had significantly higher self-esteem than those who were not (t=2.222, p=0.028). Those who felt very satisfied with their current sexual life had a significantly higher self-esteem than those who did not (F=2.824, p=0.028). The results show that it is important to have sexual life in late life. It will be necessary to develop and apply programs that will actively support elderly sexual life, as well as continue research in this area.

[Effects of self-foot reflexology on stress, fatigue and blood circulation in premenopausal middle-aged women].

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of self-foot reflexology on stress, fatigue and blood circulation in premenopausal middle-aged women. METHODS: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 59 premenopausal, middle-aged women in their 40s and 60s living in G city: 30 in the experiment group and 29 in the control group. Data were collected from May to August 2008. Self-foot reflexology was performed three times a week for 6 weeks for 40 min at each session. RESULTS: The results showed that self-foot reflexology was effective in reducing perceived stress and fatigue and helped blood circulation in premenopausal middle-aged women. CONCLUSION: Self-foot reflexology may be an effective nursing intervention in reducing perceived stress and fatigue and in improving blood circulation.