Early and mid-term outcomes of open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair after thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early and mid-term outcomes of open repair in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). METHODS: This was a retrospective single center study. Data were retrospectively collected and analyzed for consecutive patients undergoing open TAAA repair (TAAAR) after TEVAR from November 2016 to June 2021. Indications for TAAAR included aneurysm progression due to endoleak, persisted false lumen perfusion, proximal/distal disease progression, and aorta rupture. The risk factor of operative mortality was analyzed by multivariable logistic regression model and the survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients who met the inclusion criteria for the study were identified. The mean age at TAAAR was 41 ± 12 years and 43 (68.3%) were male. Marfan syndrome (MFS) was presented in 39 patients (61.9%). 60 (95.2%) patients presented with post-dissection aneurysm and 3 (4.8%) patients with degenerative aneurysm. The extent of TAAA was Crawford I in 9 (14.3%), II in 22 (34.9%), III in 23 (36.5%), and IV in 9 (14.3%). Emergent TAAAR was done in 10 (15.9%) patients, and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was used in 22 (34.6%). Endograft was explanted in 31 (49.2%). Operative mortality was 11 (17.5%). Stroke, paraplegia, and acute kidney failure occurred in 5 (7.9%), 7 (11.1%), and 6 (9.5%) patients, respectively. Pulmonary complications occurred in 19 (30.2%) patients. The estimated survival was 74.8 ± 4.9% at 5 years. Late reoperations were performed in 2 patients at 2.5 years and 1.3 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this series of TAAA after TEVAR, TAAAR was related with a high risk of operative mortality and morbidity and the midterm outcomes represented a durable treatment and were respectable.

Comparison of different surgical approaches for treating aortic graft infections.

BACKGROUND: There is still no guideline or consensus on the treatment of aortic graft infection. This study reported and compared conservative and surgical treatment and different surgical methods for aortic graft infection. METHODS: Data from aortic graft infections treated at our institution between February 2017 and June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data and surgical approaches were evaluated. RESULTS: This article retrospectively analyzed the treatment and prognosis of 48 patients (43 males) with aortic graft infection. The patients were divided into conservative treatment group (n = 15) and surgical treatment group (n = 33). During follow-up, the mortality rate of the conservative treatment group was significantly higher than that of the surgical treatment group (P<0.05). The survival curve also showed that the survival time of the surgical treatment group was longer than that of the conservative treatment group (P<0.05). The surgical treatment group included local treatment (n=5), in situ replacement (n=8) and bypass surgery (n=20) groups. There was no significant difference in the mortality rate at 1 month or final follow-up among the local treatment, in situ replacement and bypass surgery groups. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment is the optimal option for treating aortic graft infections compared to conservative treatment.

Impact of unintentional coronary angiography on outcomes of emergency surgery in acute type A aortic dissection: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the impact of coronary angiography on outcomes of emergency operation in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) patients who were initially misdiagnosed as an acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: From October 2016 to April 2019, 129 patients underwent emergency operation for ATAAD in our institution, including 21 patients (16.3%, coronary angiography group) who received preoperative coronary angiography without knowledge of the ATAAD, and the rest 108 did not (Non-coronary angiography group). Preoperative clinical characteristics, 30-day mortality and postoperative complications were compared. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to confirm the independent prognostic factors for short-term and long-term outcomes. RESULTS: Patients undergoing coronary angiography had higher prevalence of preoperative hypotension or shock (61.9% vs 35.2%, P = 0.022), ischemic changes on electrocardiogram (66.7% vs 37.0%, P = 0.012), platelet inhibition (ADP-induced inhibition 92.0% vs 46.0%, P = 0.001), and coronary involvement (66.7% vs 30.6%, P = 0.002). 30-day mortality was 4.8% versus 9.3% (P = 0.84). Coronary angiography group had more intraoperative bleeding (1900 ml vs 1500 ml, P = 0.013) and chest-tube drainage on the first postoperative day (1040 ml vs 595 ml, P = 0.028). However, preoperative coronary angiography was not independent risk factors for 30-day mortality (OR 0.171, 95%CI 0.013-2.174, P = 0.173) and overall survival (HR 0.407; 95%CI 0.080-2.057; P = 0.277). CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing coronary angiography carried a higher risk of preoperative hemodynamic instability, myocardial ischemia, and perioperative bleeding. However, unintentional coronary angiography did not have a significant impact on short-term and long-term outcomes of emergency surgery in ATAAD.

Construction and a preliminary study of paracrine effect of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell sheet.

The release of paracrine factors from endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) sheet is a central mechanism of tissue repair. The purpose of this study was to constuct the rat bone marrow derived-endothelial progenitor cell (BM-EPCs) sheet and investigate invest the role of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/CXCR4 axis in the biological function of BM-EPCs sheet. BM-EPC cells were identified by the cell-surface markers-CD34/CD133/VE-cadherin/KDR using flow cytometry and dual affinity for acLDL and UEA-1. After 7 days of incubation, the BM-EPC single-cell suspensions were seeded on thermo-sensitive plate to harvest the BM-EPC cell sheets. The expression levels of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis-associated genes and proteins were examined using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to determine the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and SDF-1α in the cell culture medium. The BM-EPC cell sheets were successfully harvested. Moreover, BM-EPC cell sheets have superior migration and tube formation activity when compared with single cell suspension. When capillary-like tube were formed from EPCs sheets, the releasing of paracrine factors such as VEGF, EGF and SDF-1α were increased. To reveal the mechanism of tube formation of BM-EPCs sheets, our research showed that the activation of PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway was involved in the process, because the phosphorylation of CXCR, PI3K, AKT and eNOS were increased. BM-EPC cell sheets have superior paracrine and tube formation activity than the BM-EPC single-cell. The strong ability to secrete paracrine factors was be potentially related to the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis through PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway.

Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Median Sternotomy Hemorrhage During Redo Aortic Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: This study summarizes the clinical data of patients who developed sternotomy hemorrhage during redo aortic surgery and analyzes the clinical experience of using hypothermic circulatory arrest. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who developed sternotomy hemorrhage during redo aortic surgery from May 2018 to August 2021. General anesthesia with single-lumen tracheal intubation was used. Femoral artery, vein, and superior vena cava cannulation were used if cardiopulmonary bypass was required according to the situation, and right superior vein or apical cannulation was selected for left heart drainage. RESULTS: A total of 11 patients were enrolled in this study, comprising nine males and two females, with an average age of 44.3±16.7 years. All cases were successfully completed without cerebrovascular complications or paraplegia. Two patients died during hospitalization, two patients died during the follow-up after discharge, and the remaining patients are recovering well. CONCLUSION: The femoral-femoral bypass with hypothermic circulatory arrest technique is a safe and reliable method to use in cases of sternotomy hemorrhage during redo aortic surgery.

Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Median Sternotomy Hemorrhage During Redo Aortic Surgery

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study summarizes the clinical data of patients who developed sternotomy hemorrhage during redo aortic surgery and analyzes the clinical experience of using hypothermic circulatory arrest. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who developed sternotomy hemorrhage during redo aortic surgery from May 2018 to August 2021. General anesthesia with single-lumen tracheal intubation was used. Femoral artery, vein, and superior vena cava cannulation were used if cardiopulmonary bypass was required according to the situation, and right superior vein or apical cannulation was selected for left heart drainage. Results: A total of 11 patients were enrolled in this study, comprising nine males and two females, with an average age of 44.3±16.7 years. All cases were successfully completed without cerebrovascular complications or paraplegia. Two patients died during hospitalization, two patients died during the follow-up after discharge, and the remaining patients are recovering well. Conclusion: The femoral-femoral bypass with hypothermic circulatory arrest technique is a safe and reliable method to use in cases of sternotomy hemorrhage during redo aortic surgery.

Tranexamic acid reduces postoperative bleeding in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

OBJECTIVE: Tranexamic acid (TA) reduces blood loss in coronary artery surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The present prospective study was designed to investigate its hemostatic effect in off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). METHOD: Seventy-six patients undergoing elective OPCAB were randomized into two groups, received TA (0.75 g loading dose before surgery and 250 mg/h during surgery, gross dose: 1.5 g, n=36) and saline solution (control, n=40), respectively. Perioperative blood samples were collected. Hematochemical parameters including platelet adhesion rate, D-dimer and fibrinopeptide-A (FPA) were analysis. Volume of blood loss, blood transfusion and other clinical data were recorded throughout the perioperative period. RESULTS: Cumulative blood loss was significantly reduced in the TA group as compared to the controls postoperatively (6 hrs (median [25th-75th]): TA: 200.0 [140.0-230.0] ml, CONTROL: 225.0 [200.0-347.5.0] ml, p=0.009; 24 hrs: TA: 440.0 [270.0-605.0] ml, CONTROL: 655.0 [500.0-920.0] ml, p<0.001). Number of patients received blood transfusion in each group was similar. Levels of D-dimer rose significantly after surgery, and were significantly lower in the TA group than that in controls. Platelet adhesion rate and FPA levels remained at baseline levels after the operation in two groups. Early clinical outcomes were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that tranexamic acid limits fibrinolysis and reduces blood loss after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

Effects of half-dose aprotinin in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

OBJECTIVE: The effects of half-dose aprotinin in off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery have not yet been described. The present prospective study was designed to investigate its effects in OPCAB. METHODS: Seventy-six patients were randomized into two groups, receiving aprotinin (1 x 10(6) Kallikrein-inactivating units [KIU] loading dose before surgery and 5 x 10(5) KIU/h during surgery, gross dose: 2.5 x 10(6) KIU, n=36) and saline solution (control, n=40) respectively. Perioperative blood samples were collected. Hematologic and hemostatic parameters including platelet adhesion rate, D-dimer, and fibrinopeptide-A (FPA) were analyzed. Perioperative CKMB release was measured. Volume of blood loss, blood transfusion, and other clinical data were recorded throughout the perioperative period. RESULTS: Postoperative blood loss was significantly reduced in patients treated with aprotinin (2 hours; median [25th-75th]: aprotinin: 90.0 [70.0-125.0] ml, control: 145.0 [70.0-180.0] ml, P<0.05; 6 hours: aprotinin: 150.0 [100.0-220.0] ml, control: 225.0 [200.0-347.5.0] ml, P<0.01; 24 hours: aprotinin: 370.0 [220.0-510.0] ml, control: 655.0 [500.0-920.0] ml, P<0.01). The number of patients receiving blood transfusion in each group was similar. Levels of D-dimer rose significantly after surgery, and were significantly lower in the aprotinin group than in the controls (end of surgery, aprotinin, 0.4 [0.2-0.5] mg/l versus controls, 1.4 [0.8-2.3] mg/l; 2 hours, aprotinin, 0.3 [0.2-0.4] mg/l versus controls, 0.9 [0.5-1.4] mg/l; 6 hours, aprotinin, 0.3 [0.2-0.5] mg/l versus controls, 0.6 [0.4-0.9] mg/l; 24 hours, aprotinin, 0.3 [0.2-0.4] mg/l versus controls, 0.5 [0.4-0.9] mg/l; ANOVA for repeated measures, P<0.01). Platelet adhesion rate and FPA levels remained at baseline levels after the operation in the two groups. Early clinical outcomes were similar in the groups. Levels of CKMB were significantly lower in the aprotinin group than in the controls (6 hours after surgery, aprotinin, 10.0 [8.0-16.0] U/l versus controls, 15.5 [11.0-20.3] U/l; 12 hours, aprotinin, 13.5 [10.0-20.0] U/l versus controls, 19.0 [12.8-24.3] U/l; 24 hours, aprotinin, 19.0 [13.5-33.8] U/l versus controls, 25.0 [15.0-43.3] U/l; 72 hours, aprotinin, 13.0 [8.0-18.0] U/l versus controls, 16.0 [10.0-29.0] U/l; ANOVA for repeated measures, P=0.018). CONCLUSION: The results indicated that half-dose aprotinin limits fibrinolysis and myocardial injury, and reduces blood loss after OPCAB surgery.