RESUMO
In the title co-crystal, C(10)H(8)N(2)·C(8)H(7)NO(4)S, the formate group is coplanar with the pyridyl ring of the acid [dihedral angle = 6.2â (7)°], while the carb-oxy-methyl-sulfanyl group makes a C-S-C-C torsion angle of 70.2â (1)° with the pyridine ring. The dihedral angle between the pyridyl rings of the 4,4'-bipyridine mol-ecule is 27.4â (1)°. The acid and the 4,4'-bipyridine mol-ecules are involved in hydrogen bonding via carb-oxy-lic O and pyridyl N atoms. The structure is further consolidated by inter-molecular C-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Current analgesics have drawbacks such as delays in acquisition, lag-times for effect, and side effects. We recently presented a preliminary report of a new analgesic method involving a two-minute sciatic nerve press, which resulted in immediate short-term relief of pain associated with dental and renal diseases. The present study investigated whether this technique was effective for pain associated with other disease types, and whether the relief was effective for up to one hour. METHODS: This randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted in four hospitals in Anhui Province, China. Patients with pain were sequentially recruited by participating physicians during clinic visits, and 135 patients aged 15 - 80 years were enrolled. Dental disease patients included those with acute pulpitis and periapical abscesses. Renal disease patients included those with kidney infections and/or stones. Tumor patients included those with nose, breast, stomach and liver cancers, while Emergency Room patients had various pathologies. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a "sciatic nerve press" in which pressure was applied simultaneously to the sciatic nerves at the back of both thighs, or a "placebo press" in which pressure was applied to a parallel region on the front of the thighs. Each fist applied a pressure of 11 - 20 kg for 2 minutes. Patients rated their level of pain before and after the procedure. RESULTS: The "sciatic nerve press" produced immediate relief of pain in all patient groups. Emergency patients reported a 43.5% reduction in pain (p < 0.001). Significant pain relief for dental, renal and tumor patients lasted for 60 minutes (p < 0.001). The peak pain relief occurred at the 10 - 20th minutes, and the relief decreased 47% by the 60th minutes. CONCLUSION: Two minutes of pressure on both sciatic nerves produced immediate significant short-term conduction analgesia. This technique is a convenient, safe and powerful method for the short-term treatment of clinical pain associated with a diverse range of pathologies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ACTRN012606000439549.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Acute pressure applied to the sciatic nerve has been recently reported to offer immediate short-term pain relief in patients with various diseases. This study examined the analgesic effect of this novel method on cold pressor pain compared with clinical pain. METHODS: We conducted 2 randomized, parallel, group studies. The cold pressor study involved 152 undergraduate students and the clinical study included 22 cancer patients. Acute pressure of 11 to 20 kg was simultaneously applied to the sciatic nerves at the back of both thighs for 2 minutes. The placebo intervention was pressure applied to parallel regions on the fronts of the thighs. Next, patients rated pain attributable to their diseases and the students evaluated pain after their hands were submerged in cold water. RESULTS: Acute pressure applied to the sciatic nerve produced immediate clinical pain relief, but did not alleviate cold pressor pain. DISCUSSION: Our study indicated that cold pressor pain and clinical pain responded differently to acute pressure blockade of the sciatic nerve. Our findings indicate that caution should be exercised when attempting to extrapolate cold pressor pain findings to clinical pain.