COVID-19 vaccine: Culprit or innocent bystander in a rare adverse gastro-intestinal surgical event? A case report with review of literature.

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) initially appeared to be an exclusively respiratory ailment. While that is true in a vast majority of the cases, its evolution and later evidence have shown that it can afflict virtually any organ system in the human body after first gaining entry through the respiratory tract. The COVID-19 vaccines were one of the turning points in the campaign to control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, after their extensive use all over the world, it has emerged that they can cause some dangerous collateral damage. We, herein, report the case of a 58-year-old woman who presented to us with signs and symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction 4 months after receiving her first dose of Covishield® vaccination for COVID-19. Her blood tests showed a high D-dimer and normal platelet count. She was previously admitted to the hospital with an acute abdomen 3 months back. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of the abdomen done then had revealed thrombi in the aorta and inferior mesenteric and splenic arteries. She was started on low-molecular-weight heparin and discharged on tablet Warfarin after clinical improvement. CECT abdomen done during her present admission revealed a proximal small bowel stricture with dilated proximal and collapsed distal loops. She underwent a laparoscopic jejuno-ileal resection anastomosis. During the post-operative period, a repeat CECT abdomen done to evaluate multiple episodes of vomiting revealed pulmonary embolism in the lower chest cuts. A venous Doppler revealed extensive deep venous thrombosis of the left lower limb. A thrombophilia profile diagnosed anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, an exacerbation of which was likely precipitated by the COVID-19 vaccine.

Multiphase lattice Boltzmann method for particle suspensions.

A two-dimensional mass conserving lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been developed for multiphase (liquid and vapor) flows with solid particles suspended within the liquid and/or vapor phases. The main modification to previous single-phase particle suspension models is the addition of surface (adhesive) forces between the suspended particle and the surrounding fluid. The multiphase dynamics between fluid phases is simulated via the single-component multiphase model of Shan and Chen [Phys. Rev. E 47, 1815 (1993)]. The combined multiphase particle suspension model is first validated and then used to simulate the dynamics of a single-suspended particle on a planar liquid-vapor interface and the interaction between a single particle and a free-standing liquid drop. It is observed that the dynamics of suspended particles near free-standing liquid droplets is affected by spurious velocity currents although the liquid-vapor interface itself is a local energy minimum for particles. Finally, results are presented for capillary interactions between two suspended particles on a liquid-vapor interface subjected to different external forces and for spinodal decomposition of a liquid-vapor mixture in the presence of suspended particles. Qualitative agreements are reached when compared with results of suspended particles in a binary mixture based on multicomponent LBM models.

Wetting dynamics and particle deposition for an evaporating colloidal drop: a lattice Boltzmann study.

A three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been developed for multiphase (liquid and vapor) flows with solid particles suspended within the liquid phases. The method generalizes our recent two-dimensional model [A. Joshi and Y. Sun, Phys. Rev. E 79, 066703 (2009)] to three dimensions, extends the implicit scheme presented therein to include interparticle forces and introduces an evaporation model to simulate drying of the colloidal drop. The LBM is used to examine the dynamical wetting behavior of drops containing suspended solid particles on homogeneous and patterned substrates. The influence of the particle volume fraction and particle size on the drop spreading dynamics is studied as is the final deposition of suspended particles on the substrate after the carrier liquid evaporates. The final particle deposition can be controlled by substrate patterning, adjusting the substrate surface energies and by the rate of evaporation. Some of the envisioned applications of the model are to develop a fundamental understanding of colloidal drop dynamics, predict particle deposition during inkjet printing of functional materials and to simulate the drying of liquids in porous media.