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1.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 117(16): 9064-9073, 2020 04 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32273388

RESUMO

The invasive behavior of glioblastoma is essential to its aggressive potential. Here, we show that pleckstrin homology domain interacting protein (PHIP), acting through effects on the force transduction layer of the focal adhesion complex, drives glioblastoma motility and invasion. Immunofluorescence analysis localized PHIP to the leading edge of glioblastoma cells, together with several focal adhesion proteins: vinculin (VCL), talin 1 (TLN1), integrin beta 1 (ITGB1), as well as phosphorylated forms of paxillin (pPXN) and focal adhesion kinase (pFAK). Confocal microscopy specifically localized PHIP to the force transduction layer, together with TLN1 and VCL. Immunoprecipitation revealed a physical interaction between PHIP and VCL. Targeted suppression of PHIP resulted in significant down-regulation of these focal adhesion proteins, along with zyxin (ZYX), and produced profoundly disorganized stress fibers. Live-cell imaging of glioblastoma cells overexpressing a ZYX-GFP construct demonstrated a role for PHIP in regulating focal adhesion dynamics. PHIP silencing significantly suppressed the migratory and invasive capacity of glioblastoma cells, partially restored following TLN1 or ZYX cDNA overexpression. PHIP knockdown produced substantial suppression of tumor growth upon intracranial implantation, as well as significantly reduced microvessel density and secreted VEGF levels. PHIP copy number was elevated in the classical glioblastoma subtype and correlated with elevated EGFR levels. These results demonstrate PHIP's role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion dynamics, and tumor cell motility, and identify PHIP as a key driver of glioblastoma migration and invasion.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Adesões Focais/patologia , Glioblastoma/patologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Citoesqueleto de Actina/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Adesão Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Estudos de Coortes , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Dosagem de Genes , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Glioblastoma/irrigação sanguínea , Glioblastoma/genética , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Microscopia Intravital , Camundongos , Microscopia Confocal , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Neovascularização Patológica/genética , Imagem com Lapso de Tempo , Vinculina/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
2.
J Palliat Med ; 24(5): 673-679, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32955990

RESUMO

Background: There are substantial disparities in distribution of palliative care (PC) services within Latin America, with Bolivia historically lagging behind neighboring countries in PC metrics. Comprehensive data on PC in Bolivia were last collected in 2012 through the Latin American Association for Palliative Care (ALCP) Atlas of PC. Objective: To update the 2012 data and describe the current state of PC in Bolivia to aid in their ongoing efforts to expand PC services. In addition, to develop an instrument for assessment of national PC capacity that can be adapted for use in other countries. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted using personal and online structured interviews of PC team directors from all 19 PC teams around the country. Measurements: A new survey was developed for this study based on the ALCP Atlas of PC and international PC guidelines. Results: PC teams in Bolivia have slowly increased in number since 2008. There are currently 19 PC teams in Bolivia, highly concentrated in urban centers. Multidisciplinary teams typically include physicians, nurses, psychologists, and social workers. The majority of teams offer treatments for all 16 essential PC symptoms included in our study. Teams report significant barriers for their patients to obtain opioid pain medications. Conclusions: Bolivian PC teams utilize multidisciplinary teams and have the capability to treat many of the essential PC symptoms with guideline-recommended treatments. However, it is unclear whether availability of services translates to accessibility for most patients, especially given their geographic distribution and cost of services.


Assuntos
Enfermagem de Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida , Cuidados Paliativos , Bolívia , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , América Latina
3.
J Palliat Care ; 34(2): 118-125, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30465470

RESUMO

PURPOSE:: The primary objective of this study was to quantify cancer family caregiver (FCG) quality of life (QOL) in a Southern Albanian population and to determine whether differences exist between 4 domains of QOL (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual). This study also sought to compare QOL in our cohort to QOL in historical studies that used the same survey instrument, and to examine correlations between demographic characteristics and QOL to identify any high-risk groups. METHODS:: A sample of 40 FCGs was recruited at the Mary Potter Palliative Care Clinic in Korçe, Albania. Each participant completed the City of Hope Quality of Life (Family Version), a validated 37-question instrument that measures caregiver well-being in 4 domains: physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. RESULTS:: There were no significant differences between the composite scores of the 4 QOL domains in our study. However, there were differences when comparing self-reported QOL between domains ("Rate your overall physical/psychological/social/spiritual well-being"). The QOL measured in our study was significantly lower than in 3 studies from the United States that used the same questionnaire. There were no significant correlations between demographic groups and QOL. CONCLUSIONS:: This study examines the impact that the paucity of palliative services has on the QOL of Albanian cancer FCGs. Although there were no domains of QOL or demographic groups identified in our study that were faring significantly worse than others, the poor overall QOL provides further evidence to support the continued development of palliative services for both patients and family members in Albania.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Cuidadores/psicologia , Família/psicologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enfermagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/psicologia , Cuidados Paliativos/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Albânia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estresse Psicológico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
4.
Neurology ; 88(19): 1805-1813, 2017 May 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28404805

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Because the d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) product of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1mut) is released by tumor cells into the microenvironment and is structurally similar to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, we sought to determine whether IDH1mut increases the risk of seizures in patients with glioma, and whether D2HG increases the electrical activity of neurons. METHODS: Three WHO grade II-IV glioma cohorts from separate institutions (total N = 712) were retrospectively assessed for the presence of preoperative seizures and tumor location, WHO grade, 1p/19q codeletion, and IDH1mut status. Rat cortical neurons were grown on microelectrode arrays, and their electrical activity was measured before and after treatment with exogenous D2HG, in the presence or absence of the selective NMDA antagonist, AP5. RESULTS: Preoperative seizures were observed in 18%-34% of IDH1 wild-type (IDH1wt) patients and in 59%-74% of IDH1mut patients (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis, including WHO grade, 1p/19q codeletion, and temporal lobe location, showed that IDH1mut was an independent correlate with seizures (odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.6-3.9, p < 0.001). Exogenous D2HG increased the firing rate of cultured rat cortical neurons 4- to 6-fold, but was completely blocked by AP5. CONCLUSIONS: The D2HG product of IDH1mut may increase neuronal activity by mimicking the activity of glutamate on the NMDA receptor, and IDH1mut gliomas are more likely to cause seizures in patients. This has rapid translational implications for the personalized management of tumor-associated epilepsy, as targeted IDH1mut inhibitors may improve antiepileptic therapy in patients with IDH1mut gliomas.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Glioma/genética , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/genética , Mutação , Convulsões/genética , Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Animais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Células Cultivadas , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Par 1 , Feminino , Glioma/patologia , Glioma/fisiopatologia , Glioma/cirurgia , Glutaratos/administração & dosagem , Glutaratos/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/patologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Estudos Retrospectivos , Convulsões/fisiopatologia , Convulsões/cirurgia
5.
PLoS One ; 9(12): e116178, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25549333

RESUMO

The most common adult primary brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM), is characterized by fifteen months median patient survival and has no clear etiology. We and others have identified the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) gene products endogenously expressed in GBM tissue and primary cells, with a subset of viral genes being consistently expressed in most samples. Among these viral genes, several have important oncomodulatory properties, regulating tumor stemness, proliferation, immune evasion, invasion and angiogenesis. These findings lead us to hypothesize that a specific HCMV gene signature may be associated with GBM pathogenesis. To investigate this hypothesis, we used glioma cell lines and primary glioma stem-like cells (GSC) infected with clinical and laboratory HCMV strains and measured relative viral gene expression levels along several time points up to 15 weeks post-infection. While HCMV gene expression was detected in several infected glioma lines through week 5 post-infection, only HCMV-infected GSC expressed viral gene products 15 weeks post-infection. Efficiency of infection across time was higher in GSC compared to cell lines. Importantly, HCMV-infected GSC outlived their uninfected counterparts, and this extended survival was paralleled by increased tumorsphere frequency and upregulation of stemness regulators, such as SOX2, p-STAT3, and BMX (a novel HCMV target identified in this study). Interleukin 6 (IL-6) treatment significantly upregulated HCMV gene expression in long-term infected glioma cultures, suggesting that pro-inflammatory signaling in the tumor milieu may further augment HCMV gene expression and subsequent tumor progression driven by viral-induced cellular signaling. Together, our data support a critical role for long-term, low-level HCMV infection in promoting survival, stemness, and proliferation of GSC that could significantly contribute to GBM pathogenesis.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/genética , Citomegalovirus/genética , Glioma/genética , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/virologia , Proteínas Virais/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/virologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transformação Celular Viral/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glioma/patologia , Glioma/virologia , Humanos , Interleucina-6/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos
6.
Br J Pharmacol ; 171(19): 4464-77, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24910342

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The psychoactive cannabinoid Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and the non-psychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) can both reduce cancer progression, each through distinct anti-tumour pathways. Our goal was to discover a compound that could efficiently target both cannabinoid anti-tumour pathways. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: To measure breast cancer cell proliferation/viability and invasion, MTT and Boyden chamber assays were used. Modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis was measured using dichlorodihydrofluorescein and annexin/propidium iodide, respectively, in combination with cell flow cytometry. Changes in protein levels were evaluated using Western analysis. Orthotopic and i.v. mouse models of breast cancer metastasis were used to test the activity of cannabinoids in vivo. KEY RESULTS: CBD reduced breast cancer metastasis in advanced stages of the disease as the direct result of down-regulating the transcriptional regulator Id1. However, this was associated with moderate increases in survival. We therefore screened for analogues that could co-target cannabinoid anti-tumour pathways (CBD- and THC-associated) and discovered the compound O-1663. This analogue inhibited Id1, produced a marked stimulation of ROS, up-regulated autophagy and induced apoptosis. Of all the compounds tested, it was the most potent at inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion in culture and metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: O-1663 prolonged survival in advanced stages of breast cancer metastasis. Developing compounds that can simultaneously target multiple cannabinoid anti-tumour pathways efficiently may provide a novel approach for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Canabidiol/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Resorcinóis/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Canabidiol/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Humanos , Proteína 1 Inibidora de Diferenciação/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/agonistas , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Resorcinóis/farmacologia
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