RESUMO
The accurate management of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) depends on identifying the individual histological tumor components. Currently available data on protein expression in TGCTs are limited. The human protein atlas (HPA) is a comprehensive resource presenting the expression and localization of proteins across tissue types and diseases. In this study, we have compared the data from the HPA with our in-house immunohistochemistry on core TGCT diagnostic genes to test reliability and potential biomarker genes. We have compared the protein expression of 15 genes in TGCT patients and non-neoplastic testicles with the data from the HPA. Protein expression was converted into diagnostic positivity. Our study discovered discrepancies in three of the six core TGCT diagnostic genes, POU5F1, KIT and SOX17 in HPA. DPPA3, CALCA and TDGF1 were presented as potential novel TGCT biomarkers. MGMT was confirmed while RASSF1 and PRSS21 were identified as biomarkers of healthy testicular tissue. Finally, SALL4, SOX17, RASSF1 and PRSS21 dysregulation in the surrounding testicular tissue with complete preserved spermatogenesis of TGCT patients was detected, a potential early sign of neoplastic transformation. We highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary collaborative approach to fully understand the protein landscape of human testis and its pathologies.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas , Neoplasias Testiculares , Humanos , Masculino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/genética , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/genéticaRESUMO
Prostate adenocarcinoma with Paneth cell-like neuroendocrine differentiation is a rare entity. Foci of scattered cells and small clusters are found in the majority of described cases, although cases with predominant Paneth cell-like features have also been recorded. These cells contain eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions and lack androgen receptors, and are consequently immune to hormone therapy. It is, therefore, important for pathologists to recognize them. According to literature, clinical outcome depends on the standard grading of the conventional prostate cancer component. We report a case of a 54 year-old patient with prostatic adenocarcinoma showing Paneth cell-like neuroendocrine differentiation.