RESUMO
Angioplasty and stenting of short segment obstructions is highly effective in the treatment of aorto-iliac occlusive disease. However, long-segment, diffuse and calcific aorto-iliac atherosclerosis is most effectively treated with surgical bypass. While aorto-femoral bypass procedures are durable and effective, too often patients are elderly, high risk and poor candidates for open surgery. Endografting of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries is aimed at improving the short and long-term results of endovascular treatment of extensive, end-stage aorto-iliac disease. Aorto-iliac endografts are widely used in the treatment of aneurysmal disease. Early experiences with endografts in the treatment of occlusive disease are promising. However, evidence that long-term patency of endografts will be substantially better than angioplasty and stenting is not yet available. Prospective clinical trials are needed to determine the role of endografts in the treatment strategy of aorto-iliac occlusive disease.
Assuntos
Angioscopia , Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/métodos , Artéria Ilíaca/cirurgia , Prótese Vascular , HumanosRESUMO
Phenelfamycins A, B, C, E, F and unphenelfamycin have been discovered in the fermentation broth of two soil isolates, designated AB 999F-80 and AB 1047T-33. These isolates were identified as strains of Streptomyces violaceoniger. The antibiotics were selected for their activity against anaerobic bacteria.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Aminoglicosídeos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias Anaeróbias/efeitos dos fármacos , Meios de Cultura , Fermentação , Streptomyces/metabolismoRESUMO
Spenolimycin, a new spectinomycin-type antibiotic, was discovered in the fermentation broth of a new actinomycete named Streptomyces gilvospiralis sp. nov. strain AB634D-177. Although a small amount of spectinomycin is coproduced by strain AB634D-177, the culture is different from other known spectinomycin-producing actinomycetes. Spenolimycin was obtained by conventional submerged culture in 14-liter fermentors with a peak antibiotic titer of 140 micrograms/ml.
Assuntos
Espectinomicina/análogos & derivados , Streptomyces/classificação , Fermentação , Espectinomicina/isolamento & purificação , Streptomyces/metabolismoRESUMO
Coloradocin was discovered in a screen for anti-anaerobe activity. The producing organism was determined to be a new species of Actinoplanes, designated Actinoplanes coloradoensis sp. nov. Coloradocin inhibits Bacteroides, Clostridium and other anaerobes. It does not inhibit most aerobic bacteria but is effective against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae. Coloradocin has low acute toxicity.
Assuntos
Actinomycetales/classificação , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Actinomycetales/metabolismo , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Fermentação , Lactonas , CamundongosRESUMO
The arizonins, a novel complex of antibiotics related to kalafungin, were discovered in the fermentation broth of Actinoplanes sp. AB660D-122. Comparative taxonomic studies indicated that the culture is a new species and therefore has been designated Actinoplanes arizonaensis sp. nov. Two members of the complex, arizonins A1 and B1, exhibit moderate to potent in vitro antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains of Gram-positive bacteria.
Assuntos
Actinomycetales/classificação , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Actinomycetales/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Antifúngicos/biossíntese , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Naftoquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Naftoquinonas/farmacologiaRESUMO
A complex of 18-membered macrolide antibiotics has been discovered in the fermentation broth of strain AB718C-41. The producing culture, isolated from a soil sample collected in Hamden, Connecticut, was identified as a strain of Dactylosporangium aurantiacum and was designated D. aurantiacum subsp. hamdenesis subsp. nov. The antibiotic complex was produced in a New Brunswick 150-liter fermentor using a medium consisting of glucose, soybean oil, soybean flour, beef extract and inorganic salts. Several of the antibiotics were active against sensitive and multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria.
Assuntos
Actinomycetales/análise , Aminoglicosídeos , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Actinomycetales/classificação , Actinomycetales/fisiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias Anaeróbias/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Fermentação , Fidaxomicina , Glicosídeos/análise , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
The pacidamycins are a new complex of nucleosidyl-peptide antibiotics with highly specific activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They are produced by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus AB 1183F-64 which was isolated from a soil sample collected at Offenburg in the FRG. The mature spore masses of the producing organism are greenish gray to blue, and the spore chains are arranged in spirals. After the structures of the pacidamycins were determined, the fermentation medium was supplemented with component amino acids. This resulted in the directed biosynthesis of several members of the complex. The overall antibiotic recovered was increased from 1 approximately 2 mg/liter to more than 100 mg/liter through a combination of strain selection, medium manipulation and amino acid feeding experiments.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Oligopeptídeos/biossíntese , Peptídeos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbiologia do Solo , Streptomyces/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Meios de Cultura , Fermentação , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Nucleosídeos de Pirimidina/biossíntese , Nucleosídeos de Pirimidina/farmacologia , Streptomyces/classificação , Streptomyces/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Coumamidines are water-soluble basic antibiotics related to the glycocinnamoylspermidines. They are produced by a soil isolate designated Saccharopolyspora sp. AB 1167L-65. The coumamidines have broad spectrum activity and were selected in a screen for substances which inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Bactérias/metabolismo , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbiologia do Solo , Aminoglicosídeos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias/ultraestrutura , Meios de Cultura , Fermentação , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
Tirandalydigin is a new tetramic acid antibiotic which was discovered in a screen designed to find compounds with activity against pathogenic anaerobic bacteria. It was named tirandalydigin because it possesses structural features that are common to both tirandamycin and streptolydigin. The producing culture, strain AB 1006A-9, is a Streptomyces and was compared to the streptomycetes that synthesize tirandamycin and streptolydigin. It is closely related to the former culture and was named Streptomyces tirandis subsp. umidus. Tirandalydigin has MICs in the range of 0.5 to 32 micrograms/ml against many pathogenic anaerobes, streptococci, enterococci and legionellae.
Assuntos
Aminoglicosídeos , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Streptomyces/classificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Fermentação , Técnicas In Vitro , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
The altromycins are novel anthraquinone-derived antibiotics related to the pluramycins. They are produced by an actinomycete, AB 1246E-26, which was isolated from a South African bushveld soil. The altromycins have Gram-positive antibacterial activity with MICs of 0.2 to 3.12 micrograms/ml against Streptococci and Staphylococci.
Assuntos
Actinomycetales/metabolismo , Aminoglicosídeos , Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbiologia do Solo , Actinomycetales/classificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fermentação , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The dunaimycins are a new complex of spiroketal 24-membered macrolides discovered in the fermentation broth of two actinomycetes. Based on taxonomic studies these two cultures, which were isolated from soil, were identified as Streptomyces diastatochromogenes strains AB 1691Q-321 and AB 1711J-452. The dunaimycins possess both immunosuppressive and antimicrobial activity.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Fermentação , Imunossupressores/isolamento & purificação , Streptomyces/classificação , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/biossíntese , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Imunossupressores/metabolismo , Imunossupressores/farmacologia , Macrolídeos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Streptomyces/metabolismoRESUMO
A radioligand test to detect inhibitors of endothelin-1 binding to its receptors in bovine atrial and porcine cerebral membranes was used to screen fungal metabolites from stationary fermentations. Inhibitory activity, observed in culture extracts of two Acremonium species, led to the discovery of aselacins A, B and C. Aselacin A inhibits binding to both membrane fractions with IC50s of approximately 20 micrograms/ml.
Assuntos
Acremonium/metabolismo , Antagonistas dos Receptores de Endotelina , Endotelinas/metabolismo , Indóis/farmacologia , Peptídeos Cíclicos/farmacologia , Animais , Ligação Competitiva , Bovinos , Fermentação , Técnicas In Vitro , Peptídeos Cíclicos/biossíntese , SuínosRESUMO
A novel antibiotic complex, named the calbistrins, has been discovered in the culture broth of a soil fungus. The producing organism, designated AB 1875C-28, was identified as a strain of Penicillium restrictum. Calbistrin A, the most potent of the 4-membered complex, has MICs of 0.78 micrograms/ml against Candida albicans. Only poor activity is observed against non-candida yeasts, filamentous fungi and bacteria.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/biossíntese , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Penicillium/química , Polienos/síntese química , Polienos/farmacologia , Animais , Aspergillus/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Fermentação , Dose Letal Mediana , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Penicillium/classificação , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Determination of the mechanism of action of FK506 and cyclosporin A has yielded new molecular targets involved in signal transduction during T cell activation. A common target of FK506 and cyclosporin A is inhibition of activation of the NFAT transcription factor, for which a specific binding region is present in the promoter of the IL-2 gene. A reporter gene assay has been used to screen for agents that interfere with this early step in T cell activation. Simple aromatic compounds that block NFAT-dependent transcription and show in vitro immunosuppressive activity were isolated from the broth and mycelia of two Streptomyces sp. fermentations. The compounds were active at concentrations that were not directly cytotoxic.
Assuntos
Hidroquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Pentanóis/isolamento & purificação , Pentanonas/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Transcrição/isolamento & purificação , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Bovinos , Fermentação , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Hidroquinonas/química , Hidroquinonas/farmacologia , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Óperon Lac/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pentanóis/química , Pentanóis/farmacologia , Pentanonas/química , Pentanonas/farmacologia , Streptomyces , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Transcrição/química , Fatores de Transcrição/farmacologia , beta-Galactosidase/genéticaRESUMO
The ardeemins are a new family of secondary metabolites produced by submerged fermentation of a fungus which was isolated from a soil sample collected in Brazil. Based on taxonomic studies, the producing culture was identified as Aspergillus fischeri var. brasiliensis strain AB 1826M-35. 5-N-Acetylardeemin potentiated the cytotoxicity of the anticancer agent vinblastine in multidrug resistant human tumor cells.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Aspergillus/química , Compostos Heterocíclicos/isolamento & purificação , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Interações Medicamentosas , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Fermentação , Compostos Heterocíclicos/farmacologia , Humanos , Pirimidinonas/isolamento & purificação , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Vimblastina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
In the course of screening with the mixed lymphocyte reaction, a new inhibitor of protein kinase C with immunosuppressive activity was isolated from the fermentation broth and mycelia of Streptomyces sp. AB 1869R-359. Although certain similarities exist, this strain is morphologically and physiologically distinct from other reported producers of staurosporine-related compounds. We have found that this strain produces relatively high levels of staurosporine and the new minor compound MLR-52, which possesses the indolo[2,3-a]carbazole chromophore of staurosporine, but differs in the substitution pattern of the sugar moiety. Their structures have been elucidated by mass and NMR spectra. MLR-52 has been shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of protein kinase C and the murine mixed lymphocyte reaction.
Assuntos
Alcaloides , Imunossupressores , Proteína Quinase C/antagonistas & inibidores , Alcaloides/química , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides/metabolismo , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Animais , Meios de Cultura , Feminino , Fermentação , Imunossupressores/química , Imunossupressores/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas In Vitro , Teste de Cultura Mista de Linfócitos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estaurosporina/análogos & derivados , Streptomyces/metabolismoRESUMO
The dorrigocins are new secondary metabolites produced by submerged fermentation of a streptomycete which was isolated from a soil sample collected in Australia. The dorrigocins show moderate antifungal activity and reverse the morphology of ras-transformed NIH/3T3 cells from a transformed phenotype to a normal one. The producing culture was identified as Streptomyces platensis subsp. rosaceus strain AB1981F-75.
Assuntos
Células 3T3/citologia , Células 3T3/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/biossíntese , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/biossíntese , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/efeitos dos fármacos , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Genes ras , Streptomyces/classificação , Streptomyces/metabolismo , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Fermentação , Humanos , Camundongos , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Piperidonas/síntese química , Piperidonas/isolamento & purificação , Piperidonas/farmacologiaRESUMO
The fuscandins, antifungal agents of the papulacandin class, are produced by a strain of Fusarium sambucinum. Fermentation yielded 60 mg/liter of fusacandin A and minor amounts of fusacandin B. As expected, the fusacandins inhibit (1,3)-beta-glucan synthesis. Fusacandin A is slightly less active than papulacandin B against Candida albicans and, like papulacandin, loses activity in the presence of serum.
Assuntos
Aminoglicosídeos , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/farmacologia , Fermentação , Fusarium , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Oligossacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Oligossacarídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Two novel triterpene sulfates have been isolated from Fusarium compactum by bioactivity-directed fractionation using an assay which measures the inhibition of proteolytic activity of rhinovirus 3C protease on a fluorogenic peptide substrate. The compounds were purified by countercurrent and reverse phase chromatographies. NMR, MS, UV and IR studies revealed two triterpene sulfates, uncommon metabolites of terrestrial fungi.
Assuntos
Colestenos/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Proteases/isolamento & purificação , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Colestenos/química , Colestenos/farmacologia , Fermentação , Fusarium , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Inibidores de Proteases/química , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Estereoisomerismo , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
A novel series of microbial metabolites were discovered in fermentation broths of two soil isolates. Both cultures were identified as strains of Micromonospora chalcea. Production of the metabolites, named macquarimicins, was monitored by an HPLC assay. A seven-day fermentation yielded 27 mg/liter of macquarimicin A. With MICs of 50 to 100 micrograms/ml, macquarimicin A has only very low activity against strains of Bacteroides and other anaerobes. Macquarimicin B has inhibitory activity against the leukemia cell line P-388.