RESUMO
AIM: To assess the possibilities of modern diagnostic techniques to diagnose precancerous pathology and early central lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of Russian and foreign publications for precancerous pathology and early lung cancer, results and comparison of various diagnostic techniques. RESULTS: Central lung cancer has a stepwise development with transformation of normal bronchial epithelium to hyperplastic followed by focal metaplasia, dysplasia, cancer in situ (CIS) and microinvasive cancer. Fluorography, chest X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and sputum cytology examination are used to diagnose lung cancer. However, endoscopy plays a leading role in diagnosis of early central lung cancer which rapidly and effectively detects changes of tracheobronchial tree mucosa at the initial stages of carcinogenesis thanks to the use of modern techniques (spectral, autofluorescent and ZOOM - endoscopy).
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologiaRESUMO
This article describes ways of risk reducing of esophageal adenocarcinoma with the use of modern screening treatment methods of GERD and Barrett esophagus.
Assuntos
Esôfago de Barrett/diagnóstico , Esôfago de Barrett/tratamento farmacológico , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Neoplasias Esofágicas/prevenção & controle , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Esôfago de Barrett/complicações , Neoplasias Esofágicas/etiologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/complicações , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/tratamento farmacológico , Antagonistas dos Receptores H2 da Histamina/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas dos Receptores H2 da Histamina/farmacocinética , Antagonistas dos Receptores H2 da Histamina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Cancer of stomach is currently regarded as the final result of a staged multifactor process during which the microenvironment affects cells and causes their changes. One of the main triggering factors is Hp infection. Adenocarcinoma of stomach develops via stages of gastritis, precancerous changes, and cancer. The possibility to prevent cancer ensues from the potential irreversibility of premalignant processes in gastric mucosa, in the first place its atrophy; hence, the importance of its early diagnosis. The state of the endoscopic service in this country is inadequate for mass screening of patients with symptoms of dyspepsia. "GastroPanel", a new serological test for the diagnosis of gastric pathology provides information about histological and functional characteristics of gastric mucosa in the antral and fundal regions of the stomach. The method determines serum gastrin-17, pepsinogen-1, and IgG expressed in response to Hp infection. Our results demonstrate high diagnostic efficiency of "GastroPanel" as a screening technique for atrophic gastritis and assessment of stomach cancer risk.