High-power laser experiment on developing supercritical shock propagating in homogeneously magnetized plasma of ambient gas origin.

A developing supercritical collisionless shock propagating in a homogeneously magnetized plasma of ambient gas origin having higher uniformity than the previous experiments is formed by using high-power laser experiment. The ambient plasma is not contaminated by the plasma produced in the early time after the laser shot. While the observed developing shock does not have stationary downstream structure, it possesses some characteristics of a magnetized supercritical shock, which are supported by a one-dimensional full particle-in-cell simulation taking the effect of finite time of laser-target interaction into account.

High-power laser experiment forming a supercritical collisionless shock in a magnetized uniform plasma at rest.

We present an experimental method to generate quasiperpendicular supercritical magnetized collisionless shocks. In our experiment, ambient nitrogen (N) plasma is at rest and well magnetized, and it has uniform mass density. The plasma is pushed by laser-driven ablation aluminum (Al) plasma. Streaked optical pyrometry and spatially resolved laser collective Thomson scattering clarify structures of plasma density and temperatures, which are compared with one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is indicated that just after the laser irradiation, the Al plasma is magnetized by a self-generated Biermann battery field, and the plasma slaps the incident N plasma. The compressed external field in the N plasma reflects N ions, leading to counterstreaming magnetized N flows. Namely, we identify the edge of the reflected N ions. Such interacting plasmas form a magnetized collisionless shock.

Collision of malignant lymphoma and multiple early adenocarcinomas of the stomach.

An unusual case of coexisting malignant lymphoma and adenocarcinoma of the stomach is described. A 61-year-old man with weight loss, malaise, and tarry stool demonstrated diffuse lymphoma, large-cell type, and two early gastric carcinomas. Each of the two early carcinomas collided with malignant lymphoma, respectively. Two histologically different tumors were precisely diagnosed preoperatively in this case. Frequent endoscopy with biopsies from various sites of the lesion is important in achieving a correct diagnosis.

Agar gel precipitin line patterns and pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease viruses.

Twenty-nine strains of infectious bursal disease virus could be classified into three groups by the agar gel precipitin line patterns using two representative base antigens of F539 and G691 strains. The precipitin line of the first group (16 strains including F539) did not fuse with that of G691 base antigen and spur was seen. The line of the second group (2 strains) did not fuse with those of both base antigens. The line of the third group (11 strains including G691) did not fuse with that of F539 base antigen. Every strain of the first group was highly pathogenic for chickens showing a mortality of 40% or more.

[The strategy against post-operative infection in the patients with esophageal cancer].

Post-operative infection with esophageal cancer patients was investigated. The subjects were 325 esophageal cancer patients. The most frequent infectious complication after the surgery was pneumonia, followed by anastomosis between the cervical esophagus and plastic stomach tube. The bacteria frequently found in infectious lesions were pseudomonas or staphylococcus. The more severe infection the patients had, the more gram negative bacteria were found. Bacterial examination during operation showed that more than 80% bacteria was gram negative. Since esophageal cancer patients had a low nutritional state, their immune function was impaired and infection was apt to occur post-operatively. Therefore, special nutritional care was indispensible, such as essential fatty acid, BCAA, and glutamine supplementation.

[Surgical infection and its backgrounds].

The backgrounds of surgical infection of esophageal cancer patients are studied for host factors (relation of nutrition and immune response) and parasite factors surgical parts which are easily contaminated, the differences of serum concentration with 3 methods of antibiotics administration, and the relations about the bacteria in mouth and upper esophagus in operation and bacteria which were found in the respiratory system after operation). The results are as follows. The preoperative nutritional support was effective to rapid recovery of cytological immune functions. But in the post-operative infected cases, immunological recovery delayed and they nutritionally needed BCAA, glutamine, and essential fatty acids. For the study of parasite factors, surgical wounds (neck, chest wall, abdominal wall) were more easily contaminated than other parts except digestive tract. Continuous administration of antibiotics, 1g/hr x 4 was most excessive in three methods. The bacteria in the mouth and upper esophagus in operation and those in airway after operation, were not correlated. Furthermore, antibiotics-resistant bacteria which were Pseudomonas, MRSA were found in the airway. These results indicate that nutritional support is important for the host defense system and antibiotics should be administered considering each operative process. And about the postoperative respiratory infection, protection of hospital infection is important.

Further evaluation of the pertussis component vaccine produced by apoceruloplasmin affinity chromatography.

The heat-treated apoceruloplasmin (Apocp) is a useful protein as an affinity ligand for the purification of pertussis toxin (PT). The amounts of Apocp in the purified antigens or the pertussis component vaccine were determined. Anti-Apocp antibodies were not detected by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test in rats. No anti-Apocp antibody was detected after hyperimmunization of rabbits with the vaccine. Apocp was not detected in PT and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) by ELISA using rabbit anti-Apocp IgG. In the experiments using 125I-labelled Apocp, 125I-Apocp was not detected in either PT or FHA which were purified by 125I-labeled Apocp-Sepharose, DEAE Sepharose, and cellulose sulfate chromatography. The contents of human DNA were also determined to be less than 10 pg per 1 mg of Apocp, by the dot-blot hybridization method using the 32P-labeled DNA probe of Alu sequence. In the tests for the presence of inapparent viruses, HBs antigen and HTLV-III antibody, no contamination was found in either the Apocp or in the vaccine. Large amounts of various viruses, which were intentionally added to the Apocp (spiking test), were completely inactivated by heating at 65 degrees C for 18 hr. Both the Apocp and the vaccine passed the general pharmacology and acute toxicity tests. From these results, the heat-treated Apocp was considered to be a suitable affinity ligand for the purification of the antigens for the pertussis component vaccine.