Livedo racemosa associated with central venous catheter use in a newborn.

Livedo racemosa (LRac) refers to violaceous, red, or blue netlike mottling of the skin in an irregular pattern caused by circulatory abnormalities. Central venous catheters (CVC) are widely used in neonates who require intensive care to offer steady intravenous access. CVCs are covered with a hydrophilic polymer gel that reduces friction between the sheath and the vessel wall, thereby minimizing vascular spasm, irritation, and aneurysm formation. However, the introduction of foreign material into the vein carries a risk of embolization. Recently, LRac was reported as a cutaneous manifestation of hydrophilic polymer gel embolization (HPE) in adults. We present a case of LRac in a newborn that developed following CVC insertion and resolved spontaneously after the catheter was removed.

Rotational Thromboelastometry Profile in Children With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.

The pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is incompletely understood. There is a growing interest in the role of the coagulation cascade in chronic urticaria. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assay enables the global assessment of coagulation status. In the present study, we aimed to test the coagulation profile in children with CSU using ROTEM and correlate these parameters with those of a healthy group. A total of 24 children with active CSU (11 girls and 13 boys) 8 to 17 years of age and age-matched and sex-matched 30 healthy control participants were enrolled in the study. ROTEM assays (intrinsic thromboelastometry and extrinsic thromboelastometry) were used to measure and analyze coagulation time, clot formation time, and maximum clot firmness. The CSU patients and controls did not differ in age, sex, erythrocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts. Also, ROTEM parameters did not show any difference between the 2 groups. ROTEM is increasingly being used as a tool for monitoring coagulation status. In this study, ROTEM parameters did not show any difference between CSU patients and the healthy group. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings on a larger number of CSU patients.

A multicentre prospective analysis of the incidence of pemphigoid diseases in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: The differentiation between the pemphigoid diseases is essential for treatment and prognosis. In Turkey, data on the incidence of these diseases are insufficient. Our aim in this study is to determine the incidence, demographics and clinical characteristics associated with diseases of the pemphigoid group. METHODS: We prospectively analysed 295 patients with pemphigoid who visited dermatology clinics of tertiary referral hospitals in 12 different regions of Turkey within a year. The diagnosis was based on clinical, histopathological, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and serological (multivariant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], indirect immunofluorescence and mosaic-based BIOCHIP) examinations. Clinical and demographic findings, aetiological factors and concomitant diseases observed in the patients were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 295 (female/male ratio: 1.7/1) patients with pemphigoid were diagnosed in 1-year period. The overall incidence rate of pemphigoid diseases was found to be 3.55 cases per million-years. The ratio of pemphigoid group diseases to pemphigus group diseases was 1.6. The most common pemphigoid type was bullous pemphigoid (BP, 93.2%). The others were epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (3.1%), pemphigoid gestationis (2.4%), linear IgA disease (1%) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (0.3%). The most common (26.8%) possible trigger of the bullous pemphigoid was gliptin derivative drugs. The most common concomitant diseases with pemphigoid were cardiovascular (27.8%) and neurological diseases (23.7%). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the increased frequency of bullous pemphigoid reversed the pemphigoid/pemphigus ratio in Turkey. Further studies are warranted regarding the reasons for this increase.

Comment on "The effect of omalizumab on hematological and inflammatory parameters in patients with chronic spontaneous urticarial": reply from authors.

We read Cosansu's commentary entitled "Effectiveness of the new inflammatory parameters in patients with chronic spontaneous urticarial" to our study with great interest. The author remarked that a limited number of patients had C-reactive protein levels and it was not specified whether there were any other drugs used by the patients and no information was given about the severity of the disease in our study.

The effect of omalizumab on hematological and inflammatory parameters in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

PURPOSE: The mechanism of action of omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is not exactly known. In previous studies, d-dimer which is a fibrin-degradation product and interleukin-31 which has a role in inflammation were found to be decreased in patients with chronic urticaria treated with omalizumab. However, to our knowledge, there is no study on the effects of omalizumab on the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR) and the ratio of platelet to lymphocyte (PLR) which are inflammatory parameters in patients with CSU in the PubMed database. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of omalizumab on hematological and inflammatory parameters in patients with CSU. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred six CSU patients treated with omalizumab were evaluated retrospectively. Complete blood count (CBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels before treatment and at the third month of treatment were recorded. NLR and PLR were calculated from the CBC results. CBC parameters, CRP levels, NLR and PLR of the patients before treatment and at the end of third month of treatment were compared. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in white blood cell count, platelet count, neutrophil count, CRP level, NLR and PLR and a significant increase in mean platelet volume and eosinophil count with omalizumab treatment in CSU patients (p < 0.05). Basophil count increased; but there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.293). CONCLUSION: This study shows that omalizumab has not only anti Ig E effect, but also it may have inhibitory effects on inflammation and coagulation in patients with CSU. Further prospective studies are warranted in order to evaluate the effect of omalizumab on hematological and inflammatory parameters and correlation between omalizumab response rate and these inflammatory parameters in patients with CSU.

Evaluation of Cutaneous Findings in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Preliminary Study.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by attention, concentration, mobility, and impulse control problems and is among the most frequently seen psychiatric disorders during childhood. Our aim was to evaluate cutaneous findings in children and adolescents with ADHD. In our study we found that onychophagy, traumatic skin changes, atopy and related symptoms, certain birthmarks, and acne were frequent cutaneous findings in children with ADHD. Although a limitation is the lack of a control group, ADHD is very common, and our study suggests that further studies of cutaneous findings and ADHD are warranted.

Evaluation of fibromyalgia syndrome in patients with rosacea.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the frequency of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) in rosacea patients and the relationship between disease disability score of FMS and quality of life score of rosacea. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional controlled clinical trial was performed between December 2017 and December 2018. One hundred female rosacea patients (mean age 43.2±10.1; range, 21 to 65 years) and 100 age- and sex-matched control subjects (mean age 41.2±11.1; range, 22 to 68 years) with no history of skin disease and systemic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular, renal and hepatic diseases were recruited. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores were calculated using a 10-item self-administered questionnaire. The diagnosis of FMS was established according to 2010 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria. Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) was used to determine the clinical severity and functional disability, while Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to determine pain severity in the patients with FMS. RESULTS: The frequency of FMS in patient group was significantly higher than control group (p=0.019). The mean duration of FMS in patient group was significantly higher than control group (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in terms of the age of onset of FMS, FIQ and VAS scores between groups (p=0.53, p=0.54, p=0.07, respectively). DLQI scores were significantly correlated with FIQ scores in the patient group (r=0.43, p=0.008). CONCLUSION: The frequency of FMS in rosacea patients was significantly higher than control subjects without any skin disease and there was a correlation between disability score of FMS and quality of life score of rosacea. Investigating fibromyalgia symptoms in rosacea patients may be helpful for providing patient-based therapeutic approaches where neurologically based treatments may also be beneficial for rosacea.

Prevalence of early-onset androgenetic alopecia and its relationship with lifestyle and dietary habits.

BACKGROUND: Early-onset androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of alopecia in men under 30 years of age; however, its prevalence and non-genetic risk factors are not well documented. The aim of our study was to determine the early-onset AGA prevalence and to evaluate its relationship with lifestyle and dietary habits. METHODS: This study was conducted on 1507 male university students aged 18-30 years. Students with AGA were grouped as mild and moderate-severe according to the Hamilton-Norwood classification. They were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding information about lifestyle and dietary habits including the Adolescent Food Habits Checklist (AFHC) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form. RESULTS: The prevalence of early-onset AGA was 19.2% in the students. Each year over the 18 years age, positive family history, unhealthy vegetable-fruit and red meat consumption, presence of a hair disease apart from AGA and smoking were associated with increased risk for early-onset AGA. The median score of AFHC was lower than those without early-onset AGA which reflects the unhealthy dietary habit. Students with moderate-severe AGA had a higher body mass index and waist circumference than those with mild AGA (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to family history, lifestyle and dietary habits have roles in early-onset AGA. Therefore, regulation of lifestyle and dietary habits may have a possible contribution in the prevention of early-onset AGA.

Social media use in patients with acne vulgaris: What do patients expect from social media?

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris (AV) may affect external appearance and significantly deteriorate the quality of life of patients. Therefore, patients make various inquiries about their disease and seek treatment options. AIMS: To investigate the social media usage habits of patients with AV concerning their diseases, and their recommendations for dermatologists related to social media use. METHODS: A total of 1609 patients with AV completed the survey prepared by the authors and the Cardiff Acne Disability Index questionnaire. The Food and Drug Administration severity scores and clinical information of the patients were noted by their physicians. RESULTS: Of the 1,489 patients who stated that they used social media, 46.31% regularly and 28.77% sometimes referred to these sources to make inquiries about AV. Social media usage for AV was statistically significantly higher in women, participants with short term and severe disease, those with a moderate income level, and those using topical treatment and cosmetics. They mostly used Google (67%), Instagram (54%), and YouTube (49%). While 76% of the participants stated that they did not share what they saw on the Internet with their doctor. Of the respondents, 18.5% were trying to contact their dermatologists through the Internet, and 69.73% would prefer experts such as dermatologists to post-AV-related content. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that patients frequently resort to social media to seek information about AV. In the changing digital world order, it is observed that there is a need for dermatologists to use social media more actively to share accurate information about AV.

Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed attitudes and behaviors concerning cosmetic care and procedures among patients presenting to the dermatology outpatient clinic? A multicenter study with 1437 participants.

BACKGROUND: The rate of cosmetic procedures and use of skincare products is considered to be affected during the pandemic period; however, this has not been investigated yet. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the ongoing pandemic has changed people's habits related to skincare products and cosmetic procedures. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter survey study covering both private and public hospitals. Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical diagnoses of the patients were noted by dermatologists. A survey was used to determine the type and application areas of skincare products and cosmetic procedures before and during the pandemic, whether the patients were concerned about being infected, and any change in the make-up habits of female patients. RESULTS: Of the 1437 patients, 86.7% presented to the hospital due to dermatological complaints and 13.3% for cosmetic procedures. The rate of those that did not use skincare products was 0.05% before and 0.06% during the pandemic. Of the participants, 43.2% had undergone cosmetic procedures before and 38.1% during the pandemic. For both periods, the most frequent cosmetic procedure applied was laser epilation, followed by skincare treatment and chemical peeling. While undergoing these procedures, 34.9% of the patients were concerned about contracting coronavirus. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the use of skincare products and cosmetic procedures before and during the pandemic. The majority of the patients continued to undergo these procedures despite their fear of being infected. This shows that during the pandemic period, patients are concerned with their appearance and continue to undergo cosmetic procedures and pay attention to their skincare.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and psychoemotional status in premature hair graying.

BACKGROUND: Hair graying is a natural process in aging and is not usually associated with a medical problem. It sometimes may occur at early age and is called premature hair graying (PHG). Pathogenesis of PHG is not clear but it was associated with various systemic diseases such as coronary artery diseases, osteopenia, and hypothyroidism. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress and psychoemotional status in individuals with PHG. METHODS: Sixty participants with PHG and 60 healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 20 years were included in the study. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) levels measured in serum, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were calculated. Participants were asked to complete Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Beck Anxiety Index (BAI). RESULTS: Total oxidant status, OSI, and PSS scores were significantly higher in the PHG group (P < .001). There was no significant difference between severity of PHG and TAS, TOS, and OSI (P > .05). There was a significant relationship between BAI scores and TOS and OSI in PHG group (P = .03, P = .049, respectively). CONCLUSION: Oxidative and emotional stress may play a role in pathogenesis of PHG. Our study showed that serum oxidative stress and emotional stress were high in PHG. In other words, there was high systemic oxidative stress in PHG.

Relationship between diet, atopy, family history, and premature hair graying.

AIM: Premature hair graying (PHG) is commonly observed in society, but there are a few studies evaluating risk factors associated with PHG. We aimed to evaluate the socio-clinical risk factors associated with PHG in this study. METHODS: A total of 1192 volunteers between 18 and 20 years old were included in this cross-sectional study. Volunteers were asked to fill in a questionnaire on socio-clinical risk factors associated with PHG such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet preference, atopy history, and family history of PHG and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). RESULTS: Three hundred and seventy-seven (31.6%) of the 1192 volunteers had PHG. Vegetarian diet preference, atopy history, and family history of PHG were significantly higher in subjects with PHG. Mean body mass index (BMI) and PSS scores were higher in subjects with PHG, but was not statistically significant. In the ordinal logistic regression analysis according to severity of PHG, male gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, and history of paternal PHG were significantly higher and onset age of PHG was significantly lower in PHG group. CONCLUSION: Our study is the first study reporting a relationship between PHG and diet. It may be possible to prevent PHG or reduce its severity with some lifestyle changes such as diet preference, having normal weight, and decreasing alcohol consumption.

Evaluation of the effects of acne vulgaris on quality of life in Turkey by using TAQLI.

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease that may cause various psychiatric and/or psychological problems. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of AV on the quality of life in the Turkish population using the Turkish Acne Quality of Life Index (TAQLI). METHODS: A total of 960 patients with AV who attended the dermatology department were included in the study. Acne severity was determined using the global acne classification system. TAQLI was used to evaluate the effect of acne on quality of life. RESULTS: The 960 patients consisted of 673 (70.1%) females and 287 (29.9%) males. There were 536 (55.8%) patients under the age of 20, 386 (40.2%) aged 20-30, and 38 (4.0%) over 30. Acne duration varied between 1 and 20 years, and the mean duration was 2.95 ± 2.53 years. The mean TAQLI value of all patients was 20.8 ± 9.5. The mean TAQLI value was statistically significantly higher in female patients, in patients with an acne duration of more than 2 years, and in those with very severe acne. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the age groups. CONCLUSION: We observed that the quality of life in patients with AV was affected, and this effect was more significant in female patients, patients with severe acne and longer acne duration. We believe that the psychiatric/psychological effects should be followed up closely in this group of patients.

The role of oxidative stress in early-onset androgenetic alopecia.

BACKGROUND: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of alopecia in men. In the literature, although there are in vitro studies investigating the relationship between oxidative stress and AGA, any in vivo study does not exist. AIM: Our aim was to evaluate the oxidative stress status in male patients with early-onset AGA by measuring total oxidant levels (TOS), total antioxidant levels (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). METHODS: Our study included 33 male patients with early-onset AGA and 30 healthy men between ages of 18 and 30 years old. TAS and TOS measurements were taken, and OSI was calculated. RESULTS: When TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were compared between patient and control groups, there was no difference for TAS level, while TOS and OSI were significantly higher in patient group. In patient group, correlation between TAS, TOS, and OSI levels and age, and disease onset age and disease duration was evaluated. Highly significant negative correlation was determined between TAS level and both age and disease duration. When TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were assessed according to AGA stage, there was no significant difference between groups, while OSI level was significantly higher in patients with family history. CONCLUSIONS: We found increased oxidative stress in younger patients with early-onset AGA. There is need for further molecular studies on the role of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of AGA. We also think that topical or systemic antioxidants can be promising in treatment of AGA, especially for young patients.

Clinical Effects of Topical Tacrolimus on Fox-Fordyce Disease.

Fox-Fordyce Disease (FFD) is a rare, chronic, pruritic, inflammatory disorder of apocrine glands. It is characterized by dome-shaped, firm, discrete, skin-colored, and monomorphic perifollicular papules. The most common sites of involvement are axillae and anogenital and periareolar regions which are rich in apocrine sweat glands. Treatment is difficult. Topical, intralesional steroids, topical tretinoin, adapalene, clindamycin, benzoyl peroxide, oral contraceptives, isotretinoin, phototherapy, electrocauterisation, excision-liposuction and curettage, and fractional carbon dioxide laser are among the treatment options. In the literature, there are articles reporting beneficial effects of pimecrolimus in FFD. Nevertheless, there have not been any reports about the use of tacrolimus in FFD. We report two patients diagnosed with FFD by clinical and histopathologic examination and discussed therapeutic effects of topical tacrolimus on FFD in the light of literature.

Methotrexate Treatment in Children with Febrile Ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann Disease: Case Report and Literature Review.

Febrile Ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease is a rare and potentially fatal variant of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and is characterized by high fever, constitutional symptoms, and acute oncet of ulceronecrotic lesions. We present an 11-year-old male with Febrile Ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease who was cured with methotrexate and review the use of methotrexate for this disorder in the pediatric age group with the relevant literature.