Systematic Review of the Global Literature on Uncomplicated Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women: Underscoring Major Heterogeneity.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the global literature database on uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI), this systematic review assesses the availability of rUTI data based on geographic region and elucidates the current state of research and gaps in knowledge. METHODS: The databases PubMed, Embase, WHO Global Index Medicus, and SciELO were searched for keywords related to rUTI between 2000 and 2023. Three independent reviewers screened studies restricted to female participants age ≥18 years with uncomplicated rUTIs. Studies were excluded if they did not provide a definition for rUTI or did not cite or report an estimate for rUTI prevalence. The review was registered in PROSPERO and conformed to PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: The search yielded 2947 studies of which 124 were ultimately included. Convenience samples were used for 91% of studies and sample sizes were 30% n <50, 29% n = 50-99, 22% n = 100-199, 36% n ≥200. Most studies were conducted in Europe (41%) or North America (39%), were prospective (52%), at tertiary centers (49%) and included all ages ≥18 (60%). The most common definition for rUTI was 2 UTI/6 m or 3 UTI/1y (62%). Regardless of study location, most studies cited prevalence estimates for rUTI derived from U.S.-based populations. CONCLUSION: This study represents the first formal investigation of the global literature base on uncomplicated rUTI. Studies on rUTIs are globally of small scale and definitions used for rUTI are heterogeneous. More studies are needed to ascertain the true prevalence of rUTI outside of North America and Europe.

Identifying Patient and Surgical Criteria for Same-Day Discharge After Robotic-Assisted Sacrocolpopexy.

Introduction: To review the postrobotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy (RASC) course of women admitted for 23 hours post-RASC and identify events requiring intensive medical care or potentially leading to deleterious outcome or urgent readmission if that patient had same-day discharge (SDD) instead of observed overnight. Methods: Patients undergoing RASC from January to December 2020 at one institution were identified and relevant data were obtained via retrospective chart review. Patient exclusions: RASC start time after 12:00 PM, concurrent posterior colporrhaphy, rectopexy, or hysterectomy, or conversion to open. Results: Sixty-nine patients (median age 71 years old) met study criteria with majority American Society of Anesthesiologists class 2 (n = 46, 67%) or 3 (n = 22, 32%). Patient characteristics included prior abdominal surgeries (n = 58, 84%), prior hysterectomy/prolapse repair (n = 25, 37%), known allergy to pain medication (n = 25, 36%), and administration of a postoperative antiemetic (n = 37, 54%) or intra-/postoperative keterolac (n = 36, 52%). Median surgery length was 269 minutes. Postoperative events that may have resulted in urgent readmissions if they had SDD were observed in 6% of patients. In the 1st week post-RASC, there were no readmissions. Conclusions: In this limited quality assurance study, patients undergoing RASC experienced no major complications requiring intensive care. Postoperative events were almost entirely nausea and pain, with no readmissions within the 1st week.

Bladder-resident bacteria associated with increased risk of recurrence after electrofulguration in women with antibiotic-recalcitrant urinary tract infection.

Background: Antibiotic-recalcitrant recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) is has become increasingly observed in postmenopausal women. Therefore, when standard antibiotic therapies have failed, some elect electrofulguration (EF) of areas of chronic cystitis when detected on office cystoscopy. EF is thought to remove tissue-resident bacteria that have been previously detected in the bladder walls of postmenopausal women with rUTI. We hypothesized that increased bladder bacterial burden may be associated with incomplete rUTI resolution following EF. Methods: Following IRB approval, bladder biopsies were obtained from 34 consenting menopausal women electing EF for the advanced management of rUTI. 16S rRNA FISH was performed using both universal and Escherichia probes and tissue-resident bacterial load was quantified. Time to UTI relapse after EF was recorded during a six-month follow-up period and the association of bladder bacterial burden and clinical covariates with UTI relapse was assessed. Results: We observed bladder-resident Escherichia in 52% of all participants and in 92% of participants with recent E. coli UTI. Time-to-relapse analysis revealed that women with high bladder bacterial burden as detected by the universal probe had a significantly ( p =0.035) higher risk of UTI within six months of EF (HR=3.15, 95% CI: 1.09-9.11). Interestingly, bladder-resident Escherichia was not significantly associated ( p =0.26) with a higher risk of UTI relapse (HR= 2.14, 95% CI: 0.58-7.90). Conclusions: We observed that total bladder bacterial burden was associated with a 3.1x increased risk of rUTI relapse within six months. Continued analysis of the relationship between bladder bacterial burden and rUTI outcomes may provide insight into the management of these challenging patients.

SMARCB1(INI-1)-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma: An Evolving Entity.

SMARCB1(INI-1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is a rare, poorly differentiated neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Though historically most were identified as sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, we now understand it to be a distinct entity. There is currently a general consensus supporting multimodal therapy, though the optimal sequence of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation has yet to be defined.

Predictors of Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 Undergoing Tracheotomy.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors predictive of 30-day mortality following tracheotomy in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients with COVID-19 who underwent tracheotomy at a tertiary medical center between March 2020 and October 2021 was conducted. Univariate and multivariable analyses of factors correlated with 30-day post-tracheotomy mortality were performed. The outcomes of tracheotomies performed in the operating room and at bedside were compared with t-tests and multivariable analysis. RESULTS: One hundred-twenty patients met inclusion criteria, with 48 female patients (40%). Mean age was 59.8 [12.6] years, and the 30-day mortality rate was 18.3%. On univariate analysis, age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06; P = .015), FiO2 at the time of tracheotomy (OR = 1.06; P < .001), and bedside tracheotomy (OR = 3.21; P = .019) were associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality. After including control variables, increased FiO2 continued to predict increased odds of 30-day mortality (OR = 1.08; P = .02); specifically, patients with FiO2 > 65% were significantly more likely to pass within 30 days than those with FiO2 ≤ 40% (OR = 28.24; P < .001). There was a significant difference in the 30-day mortality rate of bedside tracheotomies (31%) and OR tracheotomies (12%; P = .02), but this association was eliminated on multivariable analysis (OR = 0.95; P = .96). CONCLUSION: Intubated patients with COVID-19 undergoing tracheotomy with FiO2 > 65% have 25 times greater odds of 30-day mortality than those with FiO2 ≤ 40%. There were no differences in outcomes between bedside and OR tracheotomies.

Cranberry Supplement, D-Mannose, and Other OTC Modalities for Prevention of Recurrent UTI in Women Post-Electrofulguration.

Purpose: To assess patient reliance on various over-the-counter (OTC) modalities used for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) after electrofulguration (EF). Patients and Methods: Following IRB approval, qualifying women were offered a short survey over the phone by a medical researcher to collect information about their use of various OTC modalities for prophylaxis of RUTI. Data was compared between two cohorts, ≥70 years old and <70 years old, using chi-squared and Student's t-tests. Results: From a database of 324 patients, 163 accepted the interview. 17% (28/163) reported current use of cranberry supplements, 10% (16/163) D-mannose supplements, and 42% (69/163) another non-prescription modality for RUTI prophylaxis. The non-geriatric (<70 years old) cohort spent, on average, $80 less annually on cranberry/D-mannose supplements (P=0.043) than the geriatric cohort and were more likely to use non-prescription modalities for the prevention of UTI (52% vs 30%; P=0.0061). Individuals using D-mannose were also much more likely to purchase their product online compared to those using cranberry supplements (85% vs 56%). Across all modalities, the perceived benefit difference in reducing UTI/year ranged from a median of 0 for Pyridium® (phenazopyridine hydrochloride) to four for probiotics, with D-mannose and cranberry at two/year, and those increasing daily fluid consumption at 2.5 fewer UTI/year. Conclusion: Continued use of non-prescription modalities for RUTI prophylaxis were common among women with an EF history, but varied based on age groups. Across both age cohorts, annual expenditure and perceived benefit also varied among different OTC prophylactic modalities. Awareness of type and method of OTC modality implementation by patients with RUTI is essential to aligning use with current field recommendations.