RESUMO
The most specific method of the recording of the rate offree radical reactions is the method of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, but it is rarely used in applied biology due to expensive equipment and complexity of the execution of measurements. However chemists have found a number of colored organic radicals which lose the coloring under transition into diamagnetic form. In the given paper there are presented results of our studies on the development of methods for the assessment of oxidant equilibrium in biological media with a use of stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and cation-radicals of N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DEPPD). We have developed the new modification of DPPH test, replacing methanol-based incubation medium by non-ionic detergent solution, compatible with native blood serum. Modified DPPH test conserved typical biphasic kinetics of the origin variant, had the similar sensitivity to model antioxidants (IC values 49, 38 and 13 mkMfor ascorbate, a-tocopherol and quercetine, correspondingly) and was applied in experiments on laboratory animals treated with nano- and ionic silver, carbon nanotubes, microfine coal and electrolytic dust. We have tried also the assay of serum lipid hydroperoxides based on Fe-initiated DEPPD oxidation (Alberti et al., 2000). The comparison of kinetics of DEPPD oxidation in model (HO/Fe) and biologic (rat serum/Fe) systems, before and after Fe addition, seems to be an evidence that ceruloplasmin (CP) was involved in the resulting process, but failed to determine its polynomial kinetics, at least for the rat serum and DEPPD excess. The use of CP monoclonal antibodies seems to be the best way for the clarification of the mechanism of this reaction.
Assuntos
Compostos de Bifenilo , Oxirredução , Fenilenodiaminas , Picratos , Plasma , Animais , Fenômenos Bioquímicos , Compostos de Bifenilo/análise , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Corantes/análise , Corantes/química , Indicadores e Reagentes/análise , Indicadores e Reagentes/química , Modelos Químicos , Fenilenodiaminas/análise , Fenilenodiaminas/química , Fenilenodiaminas/metabolismo , Picratos/análise , Picratos/química , Picratos/metabolismo , Plasma/química , Plasma/metabolismo , Ratos , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
There was suggested a new method of the assessment of certain social-lifestyle factors in hygienic health examination of the urban population, based on the work with the open real estate databases on residential areas of the given city. On the example of the Moscow FlatInfo portal for a sample of 140 residents of the city of Moscow there was studied the distribution of such available for analysis factors as a typical design of the building, where studied citizen resides, the year of its construction and the market price of 1m2 of housing space in this house. The latter value is a quantitative integrated assessment of the social and lifestyle quality of housing, depending on the type and technical condition of the building, neighborhood environment, infrastructure of the region and many other factors, and may be a useful supplemental index in hygienic research.
Assuntos
Estilo de Vida , Qualidade de Vida , Características de Residência , Saúde da População Urbana , Bases de Dados Factuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Meio Ambiente , Humanos , Moscou , Características de Residência/classificação , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde da População Urbana/normas , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
There are discussed the changes of an array of indices of the oxidative status in chronic administration of colloidal calcium carbonate preparation with faucet and low-mineralized drinking water to rats. Slight differences between significant effects of administration of 3 and 30 mg/L of preparation permit to suggest that the process of its incoming delivery into organism of rats has a bottleneck in the nature of total capacity of macrophages of intestinal lymphoid tissue to absorption of particles.
Assuntos
Carbonato de Cálcio/farmacologia , Tecido Linfoide/metabolismo , Macrófagos , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antiácidos/farmacologia , Coloides , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Água Potável/análise , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Absorção Intestinal/fisiologia , Intestinos/patologia , Intestinos/fisiopatologia , Tecido Linfoide/patologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/fisiologia , Masculino , Águas Minerais , Ratos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A comparative analysis of the effect of silver nanoparticles (SNP) with a diameter of 14 nm and silver sulfate (SS) on biochemical indices of the state of the organism under the administration of preparations with drinking water to mice F1 CBAxC57Bl (from 0.1 to 500 mg Ag/l for 2 weeks) and nonlinear rats (from 0.01 to 5 mg Ag/l within 6 months) has been performed In the experiment on mice there was found an increase in activity of glutathione reductase (GR) in erythrocytes under the administration of both drugs and reduction of antiradical activity of serum--under the introduction of SNP only. The administration of low doses of SNP in the experiment on rats caused much less pronounced changes in serum markers of the state of the liver; kidneys, protein and lipids metabolism in comparison with equivalent doses of the SS, that as a whole with the qualitative differences on GR activity in erythrocytes satisfactorily was explained by activation of phagocytic cells with nanoparticles. Thus, for the first time the SNP biological effects in animals were shown to be caused both by the exposure to solubilized Ag+ ions and by the response of cells to the surface of the nanoparticles themselves.
Assuntos
Glutationa Redutase/metabolismo , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Prata/química , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Tamanho da Partícula , RatosRESUMO
Chronic 6-month experiment was carried out in rats, which received drinking water with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), diameter of 15-40 nm, length ≥ 2 mkm) or activated charcoal (AC, diameter of 10-100 mkm), blood samples of the animals were used for assessment of biochemical markers. Both coal compounds induced the appearance of signs of oxidative stress 2 weeks after the beginning of the experiment and alteration of serum markers of liver and renal damage, as well as changes of cortisol and protein serum concentrations later Thus, despite of known high (asbest-like) inhalation toxicity of carbon nanotubes in comparison with other carbon allotrops (fullerenes and black carbon), we have found similar effects of MWCNTs and carbon microparticles in orally treated rats.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Carvão Vegetal/toxicidade , Nanotubos de Carbono/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Administração Oral , Animais , Água Potável/química , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Ratos , Testes de Toxicidade CrônicaRESUMO
The complex of urban air pollutants was established to affect the cytokine profile in Moscow residents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), as it causes a significant reduction of L-6 and TNF-alpha in their blood samples. The identified changes indicate to inhibition of the functional activity of cells of the reticuloendothelial system, which can lead to the persistence of seasonal bacterial-viral infections and more rapid chronization of the basic disease.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/toxicidade , Citocinas/sangue , Exposição por Inalação/análise , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/sangue , População Urbana , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Humanos , Exposição por Inalação/efeitos adversos , Moscou , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/imunologiaRESUMO
New biomarkers of effect of some controlled ambient air pollutants (formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and TSP) were found in two surveys of Moscow residents (apparently healthy and outpatients with allergic diseases) with a help of screening system of biochemical and immunological parameters. Possible mechanisms of the effects, including interference of atmospheric carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide with corresponding endogenous second messengers, are discussed.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/análise , Doença Ambiental/epidemiologia , Imunidade , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Vigilância da População/métodos , Saúde Pública , População Urbana , Adulto , Saúde Ambiental , Doença Ambiental/diagnóstico , Doença Ambiental/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Moscou/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Factor analysis of cross-sensitization to 24 common allergens and correlation analysis of the relationship between the hypersensitivity to the allergens and some biochemical markers (the intensity of serum chemiluminescence, the content of SH-groups, and the activity of lysosomal enzymes) of the health status were carried out in a sample of Moscow residents with allergic diseases. A significant correlation was found between the serum levels of specific IgE antibodies to pollen allergens and the activity of serum acid DNAase (R = 0.498; p = 0.009; N = 67). The revealed regularity may be used to devise a test for the differential diagnosis of pollenoses and suggests that there are possible differences in the levels of apoptosis and cytogenetic damages between patients with pollenoses and those with other allergic diseases.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Desoxirribonucleases/sangue , Hipersensibilidade/enzimologia , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Pólen/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Moscou , Análise de Regressão , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The paper presents the results of investigating the phenotypic polymorphism of a number of biochemical and immunological parameters (the values of oxidative stress, the activity of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase in red blood cells, the serum levels of catecholamines, tumor-necrosis factor-?, and IgG antibody subclasses) in the authors' hygienic studies of genotypic and nongenotypic population samples.
Assuntos
Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Higiene , Estresse Oxidativo , Polimorfismo Genético , Biomarcadores/sangue , Catalase/sangue , Catalase/genética , Catecolaminas/sangue , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Genótipo , Glutationa Transferase/sangue , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Humanos , Moscou , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Fenótipo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genéticaRESUMO
A novel methodological design comprising multilevel assessments of exposures of examinees to controlled ambient air pollution according to the data of route stations was developed to examine the population of large towns. The design was tested in 4 surveys of Moscow residents (apparently healthy and outpatients with a number of chronic diseases). The findings indicate the fundamental possibility of altering the traditional differential design of biomedical surveys of the population, by introducing more evidence-based regression analyses and dividing the contributions of individual chemicals to the observed changes in health indices.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Doença Ambiental/diagnóstico , Saúde da População Urbana , População Urbana , Biomarcadores/análise , Criança , Doença Ambiental/epidemiologia , Doença Ambiental/metabolismo , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Medição de Risco/métodos , Federação Russa/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Psoriasis, a multifactorial disease with genetic predisposition, has been used as an example to study the role of the ethnic background in multifactorial diseases in the Dagestan population. The individual information card (IIC) is proposed as the main tool for correct collection and processing of information. The results of the study demonstrate that the Dagestan population is a convenient and adequate model population for studying multifactorial diseases, such as psoriasis, and may serve as an object for studying the role of heredity in the etiologies and pathogeneses of this and other multifactorial diseases.
Assuntos
Etnicidade/genética , Genética Populacional/métodos , Herança Multifatorial/genética , Psoríase/etnologia , Psoríase/genética , Daguestão , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Modelos GenéticosRESUMO
In this study, evaluation of genome instability in individuals exposed to chemical compounds included detection of the genetic polymorphism of some xenobiotic metabolic enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1E1, PON1, GSTM1, GSTT1), as well as measurement of oxidative state chemiluminescent variables and the level of cytogenetic damage. According to the study, the level of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes shows a strong correlation with PON54 left allele and GSTM1 null genotype, and can be described by the polynomial function of blood plasma luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. The frequencies of micronuclei in buccal epithelium displayed a weak association with GSTT1 null genotype.
Assuntos
Genoma Humano/genética , Projeto Genoma Humano , Mutagênese/genética , Doenças Profissionais/genética , Humanos , Exposição Ocupacional , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Federação RussaRESUMO
The presence of dioxins and dioxin-containing ecotoxicants (DCE) in human environment leads to multi-level homeostasis disbalance and, eventually, dioxin pathology (DP) develops. This was demonstrated for the adult population of South Vietnam (1), who had suffered from the use of military chlorphenoxiherbicides to which dioxins had been added. The subjects of this study were children who belonged to the second generation of the inhabitants of DCE-polluted South Vietnam areas. In this sample, the frequency of malformations depending on two factors, genes GSTMI, GSTT1, CYP1A1 genotypes, and DCE exposure, were estimated. The study demonstrates that an increased level of congenital morphogenetic variants per one child is associated with the presence of DCE in the environment, as well as the fact that this parameter is influenced by genotypes of xenobiotic detoxication genes.
Assuntos
Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/genética , Dioxinas/intoxicação , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Inativação Metabólica , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Xenobióticos/intoxicação , Alelos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Genótipo , Humanos , Fenótipo , VietnãRESUMO
A cytosolic enzyme, aldehyde oxidase (AO), was shown to be involved in metabolic activation of carcinogenic diethylamine (DENA). DENA was reduced to corresponding hydrazines by AO in the presence of benzaldehyde. Products of DENA reduction by AO possessed mutagenic activity for Salmonella typhimurium TA 1950. Pretreatment of rats by antioxidant butylhydroxytoluene had no effect on this process of DNA bioactivation.
Assuntos
Dietilnitrosamina/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Mutagênicos , Aldeído Oxidase , Aldeído Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Animais , Biotransformação , Dietilnitrosamina/toxicidade , Fígado/enzimologia , Masculino , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Mutagênicos/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
The role played by active oxygen forms in damaging the human genome by environmental factors as well as the application of antioxidants to keep the oncology statistics among the hazardous-area residents low are under discussion. According to the independent results, there are essential differences between mechanisms of inflicting a genetic lesion to healthy subjects and to individuals of the risk categories due to that the latter have contacts with high concentrations of chemical compounds and with clinical patients with developed free-radical pathologies.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Componentes Genômicos/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Nível de Saúde , HumanosRESUMO
The human gene-engineering gamma-interferon agent gammaferon (GF) is demonstrated to lower the level of chromosomal aberrations and release of cyclophosphamide-induced micronuclei in murine bone marrow cells. A model is suggested for regulating the ratio of single to multiple chromosomal aberrations induced by cyclophosphamide by altering the antioxidative status of the body. With this model, it was shown that the antimutagenic effects of GF were caused by two factors: the antioxidative effect of the corresponding placebo and the unknown (but none antioxidative) effect of gamma-interferon itself. Erythrocytic resistance to in vitro oxidative disturbance in the Fe2+/system was used as an integral measure of the body's antioxidative status.
Assuntos
Antimutagênicos/farmacologia , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Animais , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Medula Óssea , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Ciclofosfamida/farmacologia , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Proteínas Recombinantes , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
A biomonitoring system is proposed, which involves measurement of environmental genetoxicants, determination of mutagenic accumulation in biological substrates of human beings and the severity of genetic abnormalities in their somatic cells. The toxicogenetical monitoring system includes the assessment of the examinees mental status. The results of application of the system are given by using as an example two Yaroslavl (machine-building and oil-processing) plants.
Assuntos
Carcinógenos/efeitos adversos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Mutagênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutagênicos/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Animais , Carcinógenos/análise , DNA de Neoplasias/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutagênicos/análise , Neoplasias Experimentais/genética , Neoplasias Experimentais/metabolismo , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Oral administration of the orange drink Tampico containing additionally vitamins A (12.7 mg/l), B (1.81 mg/l), C (86.9 mg/l) to FICBAxC57B1/6 mice has been shown to stabilize erythrocytic membranes and reduce chromosomal aberrations in the murine bone marrow cells induced by cyclophosphamide. There are experimental data on the effects of Tampico on the rate of reparative synthesis in peripheral lymphocytes and blood levels of malonic aldehyde in the mice exposed to model psychoemotional stress.
Assuntos
Antimutagênicos , Bebidas , Citrus , Animais , Antimutagênicos/farmacologia , Ácido Ascórbico/administração & dosagem , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Células da Medula Óssea , Células Cultivadas , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidade , Membrana Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/sangue , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Mutagênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Vitamina A/administração & dosagem , Complexo Vitamínico B/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Activity of UDP-glucuronosyl transferase and sulfotransferase, the enzymes participating in the second step of xenobiotics metabolism, was studied using 4-methyl umbellipherone in human granulocytes, thrombocytes and lymphocytes. A simple procedure is described for production of 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate coenzyme of sulfotransferase. The data obtained in the course of fluorimetric estimation of activity of these conjugases corresponded to the results of an isotope technique.
Assuntos
Células Sanguíneas/enzimologia , Fluorometria/métodos , Glucuronosiltransferase/sangue , Sulfotransferases/sangue , Plaquetas/enzimologia , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Granulócitos/enzimologia , Humanos , Linfócitos/enzimologiaRESUMO
A magnitude of the Pasteur's effect and content of bound hexokinase were studied in various malignant and normal tissues. In all cases studied these two values were practically the same. Dynamics of changes in subcellular localization of hexokinase and the Pasteur's effect were similarly altered in liver tissue during ontogenesis. Binding hexokinase with mitochondrial membranes was assumed to be the cytophysiological mechanism for regulation of glycolytic activity by respiration.