Severe thrombocytopenia in hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica.

Nephropathia epidemica is a milder form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, caused by Puumala virus. The clinical picture is characterized by a rapid loss of renal function (acute kidney injury) and thrombocytopenia. The purpose of the current analysis was to compare the clinical course of patients presenting with or without severe thrombocytopenia. In 47 out of 456 patients with acute nephropathia epidemica, the nadir count of thrombocytes was available for the acute course of the disease. The clinical course of these patients was further analyzed. No major bleeding (e.g., intracranial bleeding or gastrointestinal bleeding) occurred in either group. Creatinine peak levels were higher and proteinuria was more frequently present in the severely thrombocytopenic group. In conclusion, severe thrombocytopenia is common in nephropathia epidemica and is associated with a more severe course of the disease; however, bleeding complications are rare.

[Salt appetite, cramps and palpitations in a 21-year old medical secretary]. / Salzhunger, Krämpfe und Palpitationen bei einer 21-jährigen Arzthelferin.

Hypokalemia is a common finding. The clinical presentation can be paralyses and cardiac arrhythmias. We present a normotensive young woman with salt appetite, cramps and palpitations. In our case report the patient shows a positive family history for hypopotassemia, a metabolic alkalosis with hypotension, and hypocalciuria with an increased urinary potassium loss. The levels of renin and aldosterone were elevated. After a negative testing for metabolites of diuretics, we obtained a positive result of the suspected SLC12A3 genetic test. This mutation leads to a failure of the thiazide-sensitive sodium-2-chloride-cotransporter, the so called Gitelman syndrome, which presents similar to a chronic thiazide therapy. The Gitelman syndrome is a rare disease with renal potassium loss and hypotension. Especially in young patients around the age of twenty or in patients with chronic intractable hypopotassemia a Gitelman syndrome should be considered.