[Immunodiffusion methods of studying the F-fraction antigens obtained from group A streptococci]. / Izuchenie metodami immunodiffuzii antigenov F-fraktsii, poluchennoi iz streptokokkov gruppy A.

F fractions, obtained by the extraction of cultures of group A streptococci with distilled water at different pH, were studied by immunodifusion methods and subjected to chemical analysis. F fractions were shown to contain polyglcerophosphate, antigen E4 and in some cases group polysaccharide. Besides, F fractions were found to contain an antigen insensitive to trypsin and identical to one of the antigens of the thermostable fraction, as well as an antigen sensitive to the action of proteolytic enzymes and common to various types of group A streptococci. The antigen sensitive to the action of proteolytic enzymes were identical to one of the antigens showing no type specificity and contained in HC1 extracts prepared from group A streptococci. In grouping and typing group A streptococci the present of some F fraction antigens unrelated either to polysaccharide or to M substance should be taken into consideration. The antigens of F fraction have no protective properties.

[Localization of group A streptococcal nontype-specific antigens and their occurrence among streptococci of different groups]. / Izuchenie lokalizatsii netipospetsificheskikh belkovykh antigenov u streptokokka gruppy A i ikh rasprostraneniia sredi streptokokkov drugikh grupp.

It was shown by immunodiffusion methods that nontypespecific antigens revealed in the HCl extracts of streptococcus, group A, were localized in the cell wall. In B, E, H, K, L, M, P, S, T streptococci groups there was revealed only one, and in C and G streptococci groups--two antigens identical to the HTC antigens of streptococci, group A. Besides, an antigen, which was apparently specific specific for group A streptococcus only, was detected. The data obtained should be taken into consideration in the elaboration of improved method of grouping and typing group A streptococcus.

[Relationship between the virulence of a culture and the presence of common (non-type-specific) antigens in strains of group A streptococcus of different types]. / Nalichie obshchikh (netipospetsificheskikh) antigenov v shtammakh streptokokka gruppy A raznykh tipov v zavisimosti ot stepeni virulentnosti kul'tury

In studying common (nontypespecific) antigens sensitivity to trypsin there was shown their wide distribution among the cultures of streptococcus, group A, belonging to different types and containing M-proteins. The antigen No. 1, identical to one of the antigens of the thermostable fraction was found in the cultures, irrespective of the degree of their virulence. The antigen No. 2 was characteristic of only virulent cultures obtained after the increase of the virulence and forming matt-form colonies. Both of the antigens were referred to the category of R-antigens. The presence of the nonspecific antigens in the hydrochloric extracts should be taken into consideration in typing streptococci of group A and determination of M-antigens.

[Basal cell cross-reacting antigen in normal and neoplastic human tissues]. / Bazal'nokletochnyi perekrestno reagiruiushchii antigen v normal'nykh i opukholevykh tkaniakh cheloveka.

The method of immunofluorescence was used to study location of the basal cell cross-reacting antigen shared by group A streptococcus, and multilayer epithelium of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, oesophagus, vagina, cervix, urinary bladder, eye conjunctiva, epithelial cells of the mammary and salivary gland ducts of man. The cross-reacting antigen possessing tissue specificity was found in human tumor cells histogenetically associated with the tissues carrying the antigen (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, larynx, cervix) but not in the cells of tumors of different genesis (infiltrative mammary gland carcinoma, adenocarcinomas of the stomach and intestines). The results obtained will serve as the basis for the development of an immunological method for differential diagnosis of poorly-differentiated human tumors and for some problems of histogenesis of neoplasias.

[Cross-reacting antigen common to stratified squamous epithelium and Streptococcus group A in tumors of epidermal origin]. / Perekrestno reagiruiushchii antigen, obshchii dlia mnogosloinogo ploskogo épiteliia i streptokokka gruppy A, v opukholiakh épidermal'nogo proiskhozhdeniia.

A tissue-specific basal-cell antigen of stratified squamous epithelium which enters into cross reaction with group A streptococcus polysaccharide was detected in the cytoplasm of human basal- and squamous-cell tumor cells which are associated histogenetically with skin epithelium. However, it was not found in the cells of entodermal tumors (stomach and intestinal adenocarcinoma). Considering earlier reports on the detection of cross reacting antigen in experimental ectodermal tumors, these results suggest the development of an additional histogenetical method of differential diagnosis of human tumors which arise in ectodermal tegumental epithelium.

[Extraction of nontype-specific antigens of group A Streptococcus by potassium thiocyanate]. / Ekstraktsiia netipospetsificheskikh antigenov streptokokka gruppy A tiotsianatom kaliia.

A method for extraction of nontype-specific antigens of the group A streptococcus cellular wall from whole microbial cells is described. Potassium thiocyanate was used as an extracting agent. Nontype-specific antigens of the thiocyanate extract purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation were examined by immunodiffusion in agar gel. The thiocyanate extracts were found to contain several nontype-specific protein antigens part of which were absent from the HCl-extracts. No group A streptococcal polysaccharide was found in the thiocyanate extracts.

[Immunological cross reactions between polysaccharides of Streptococci groups A and L]. / Perekrestnye immunologicheskie reaktsii mezhdu polisakharidami streptokokkov grupp A i L.

Antibodies on sepharose immunosorbents containing A-polysaccharide-sepharose or synthetic beta-N-acetylglucosamine, were isolated from the sera of rabbits immunized with streptococci, group A, by means of affinity chromatography. Antibodies obtained from some sera with both immunosorbents reacted with streptococcus, group A and L polysaccharides. Partial identity of these polysaccharides was revealed by the immunodiffusion test. Absorption of antibodies with polysaccharides, group A and L, showed their different specificities. These antibodies could apparently be directed against the end parts of molecules of streptococcus, group A polysaccharide.

[Isolation of high affinity antibodies to streptococcal group A polysaccharide reacting with thymus and cutaneous epithelial cells]. / Vydelenie vysokpaffinnykh antitel k polisakharidu streptokokka gruppy A, reagiruiushchikh s épitalial'nymi kletkami timusa i kozhi.

Anti-streptococcal A polysaccharide (anti-A polysaccharide) antibodies were isolated from sera of rabbits immunized with group A streptococci by means of immunosorbents. The antibodies were studied by indirect immunofluorescence method on sections of skin and thymus tissues. Most preparations of high affinity antibodies reacting with A polysaccharide in the immunodiffusion test also react with skin and thymus epithelial cells. No preparations of low affinity anti-A polysaccharide antibodies reacted with thymus or skin epithelium. It was found that the reaction of antibodies to A-polysaccharide with epithelial cells does not depend on the availability of antibodies cross reacting with group L streptococcal polysaccharide. The reaction with thymus and skin epithelial cells is likely to be bound with high affinity antibodies to the specific determinant of A-polysaccharide.

[Study of the kinetics of antigen-antibody reaction by light scattering]. / Nabliudenie kinetiki reaktsii antigen-antitelo metodom svetorasseianiia.

Laser light scattering in conjunction with measurement of the spectral width and integral intensity of light scattering was applied to studying the process of complex formation of antigens and antibodies. The system of polysaccharide group A streptococcus and antibody against it was examined under varying polysaccharide concentrations. The measurements were performed every 10 s for 70 min after combining polysaccharide and antibody solutions. Within the entire time interval, the size of the complexes were less than the wave length of exciting laser light (0.633 m). This made it possible to determine their average magnitude in terms of the Rayleigh model.

[Determination of antibodies to Streptococcus group A polysaccharide in human sera by an immunoenzyme method]. / Opredelenie antitel k polisakharidu streptokokka gruppy A v syvorotkakh cheloveka immunofermentnym metodom.

Use was made of the ELISA to develop a highly sensitive quantitative method for detection of antibodies against Streptococcus group A polysaccharide (polysaccharide A) in human sera. The main advantage is that one can use only one optimal dilution of the sera together with the reference serum. Sera of 53 healthy volunteers and 77 patients with a history of Streptococcus group A infections were screened for the presence of polysaccharide A antibodies. Highly reproducible results were obtained in 97% of cases. The specificity of the method was shown with the polysaccharide A-induced inhibition of the reaction. Positive reactions obtained with the tested sera in gel immunodiffusion correlated with the data derived by the ELISA. Using the latter high level of specific antibodies was found in some of the sera that yielded negative reactions when tested by gel immunodiffusion. This may be associated with the presence of non-precipitating antibodies.

[Precipitating monoclonal antibodies to 1 of the antigenic determinants of streptococcal group-A polysaccharide]. / Pretsipitiruiushchie monoklonal'nye antitela k odnoi iz antigennykh determinant polisakharida streptokokka gruppy A.

Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) to streptococcal group A polysaccharide (A-PS) were prepared. Precipitating MCA are directed to the determinant common for A-PS and streptococcal group L polysaccharide (L-PS). The antibodies react in the immunodiffusion test and give identity reaction in A- and L-PS tests. Other MCA are non-precipitating but react with A-PS studied by immunoenzyme method. The reasons for the formation of precipitating and non-precipitating MCA to different antigenic determinants of A-PS are discussed.

[Reactions of antibodies to streptococcus group A antigens with fibroblasts of human heart interstitial connective tissue]. / Reaktsiia antitel k antigenam streptokokka gruppy A s fibroblastami interstitsial'noi soedinitel'noi tkani serdtsa cheloveka.

The indirect immunofluorescence method was applied to the study of the serum of rabbits immunized with fractions containing nontype-specific antigens of streptococcus, group A, belonging to the cell wall proteins. Antibodies reacting with fibroblasts of the interstitial connective tissue of the human heart were revealed in the sera. On the basis of the experimental results of absorption a supposition was put forward on the presence of a cross-reacting antigen common with the fibroblast antigen in some hydrochloric extracts obtained from streptococci, groups A and C.

[Study of cross reactions between group A streptococcal antigens and cardiac interstitial connective tissue fibroblasts of different species of mammals]. / Izuchenie perekrestnykh reaktsii mezhdu antigenami streptokokka gruppy A i fibroblastami interstitsial'noi soedinitel'noi tkani serdtsa mlekopitaiushchikh raznykh vidov.

It has been revealed by indirect immunofluorescence that sera of rabbits immunized with group A streptococcal non-type-specific antigens and F (ab')2 fragments of IgG obtained from these sera intensively react with fibroblasts of interstitial connective tissue (ICT) of the myocardium of humans and different mammalian species with the exception of rabbits. Negative or weak reactions with the same sera and F (ab')2 fragments were observed with fibroblasts of ICT of nonimmunized rabbits. Myocardial ICT of immunized animals showed bound immunoglobulins. This model can be used for making clear the reason for presence in sera of rheumatic patients circulating antibodies only to heterologous but not to homologous ICT of the myocardium regardless of the revealing bound immunoglobulins in the ICT of these patients.

[Reaction of sera from rabbits immunized with synthetic poly-L-alanine with myocardial interstitial connective tissue cells]. / Reaktsiia syvorotok krolikov, immunizirovannykh sinteticheskim poli-L-alaninom, s kletkami interstitsial'noi soedinitel'noi tkani miokarda.

Sera from rabbits immunized with synthetic poly-L-alanine (PL-ala) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) have been examined by the indirect immunofluorescence (IF) technique. Half of the sera reacted with fibroblasts of the interstitial connective tissue of the myocardium. The reactions were obtained with all sections of the myocardium of man and other mammals except rabbits. The sera obtained before or after immunization with synthetic poly-L-lysine fibroblasts were obtained with preparations of IgG or F(ab')2 fragments of IgG isolated from sera of animals immunized synthetic polypeptides can be applied to study by the IF technique of the antigenic structure of tissues including lymphoid and tumor tissues.

[Distribution of a cross-reacting antigen common to group A streptococcal polysaccharide and multilayer squamous epithelium in different human organs]. / Rasprostranenie v razlichnykh organakh cheloveka perekrestno reagiruiushchego antigena, obshchego dlia polisakharida streptokokka gruppy A i mnogosloinogo ploskogo épiteliia.

Indirect immunofluorescence with the use of antibodies) to group A streptococcal polysaccharide (A-polysaccharide has shown cross-reacting antigen (CRA) common for A-polysaccharide and the squamous epithelium to be localized, apart from the skin and thymus, in basal layer cells of oral mucosa epithelium, esophagus, inferior portion of the rectum, in salivary and mammary ducts. These tissue carriers of CRA are united by common ectodermal origin. The evidence obtained may be of use in the devising of a method for differential diagnosis of tumors of different genesis. In the course of organogenesis CRA appears early in the monolayer embryonic epithelium. The data presented correlate with those obtained before during study of animal tissues.

[Detection of a cross-reacting antigen common to multilaminar epithelia and group A streptococcus in cells of human epidermal tumors]. / Obnaruzhenie v kletkakh épidermal'nykh opukholei cheloveka perekrestno reagiruiushchego antigena, obshchego dlia mnogosloinogo épiteliia i streptokokka gruppa A.

The tissue-specific antigen of basal cells of human squamous epithelium which cross-reacts with streptococcal group A antigen has been detected in the cytoplasm of cells of human basal cell and squamous cells carcinomas histogenetically related to the skin epithelium. The antigen has not been detected in cells of tumors of endodermal origin (gastric and intestinal adenocarcinomas). These findings together with previous reports on the existence of cross-reactivity in case of animal tumors of ectodermal genesis may form the basis for an additional method of differential diagnosis of human tumors arising from the ectoderm-derived epithelium.

[Antibodies reacting with thymus and skin epithelium and antibodies to cell nuclei in immunization with streptococcal group A polysaccharide conjugated with synthetic polyelectrolytes]. / Antitela, reagiruiushchie s épiteliem timusa i kozhi, i antitela k iadram kletok pri immunizatsii polisakharidom streptokokka gruppy A, kon''iugirovannymi s sinteticheskimi poliélektrolitami.

The antibodies to streptococcal group A polysaccharide (A-PS) have been obtained upon immunization of BALB/c mice with A-PS conjugated with synthetic polyelectrolytes (PEL). Prolonged immunization in the majority of cases revealed antibodies to cross-reactive determinant of A-PS reacting with human and mouse epithelium of the thymus and basal skin layer. These antibodies belong to autoantibodies. Later on, after the beginning of immunization some animals produced antibodies reacting with cellular nuclei. The formation of autoantibodies to nuclei is not related to crossreactions with A-PS, because A-PS do not inhibit these reactions. No antibodies reacting with the epithelial cells or with cellular nuclei have been observed upon immunization with A-PS in Freund adjuvant or with PEL alone. The production of autoantibodies to cellular nuclei is probably a result of immunoregulatory disorders associated with the damage of thymus epithelium by autoantibodies during immunization with A-PS conjugated with PEL.