RESUMO
The near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu is a 900-m-diameter dark object expected to contain primordial material from the solar nebula. The Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (MASCOT) landed on Ryugu's surface on 3 October 2018. We present images from the MASCOT camera (MASCam) taken during the descent and while on the surface. The surface is covered by decimeter- to meter-sized rocks, with no deposits of fine-grained material. Rocks appear either bright, with smooth faces and sharp edges, or dark, with a cauliflower-like, crumbly surface. Close-up images of a rock of the latter type reveal a dark matrix with small, bright, spectrally different inclusions, implying that it did not experience extensive aqueous alteration. The inclusions appear similar to those in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites.
RESUMO
The cell distribution and function of alveolar macrophages and T lymphocytes were investigated in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 15 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). In alveolar macrophages, both spontaneous and PMA-stimulated TNF-alpha production were increased in SSc. PMA-induced IL-6 production was also elevated. Spontaneous IL-6 excretion of scleroderma alveolar macrophages was similar to the controls. Yeast and C3b-coated yeast (opsonised yeast) phagocytosis, chemotaxis and Fc receptor activity of alveolar macrophages were normal. The proportion of CD3, CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte subsets in the BAL was similar to the control values. The lymphocyte blast transformation index of the non-adherent cells deriving from the BAL fluid was markedly decreased.
Assuntos
Macrófagos Alveolares/imunologia , Escleroderma Sistêmico/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adulto , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Células Cultivadas , Quimiotaxia , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/biossíntese , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopatias/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/imunologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/citologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fagocitose/imunologia , Linfócitos T/citologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossínteseRESUMO
Previous studies showed that some lactones have beta-lactamase inhibitory or antibacterial effects, others--like A-factor (a gamma-butyrolactone) and its derivatives--stimulate sporulation in Streptomyces griseus strains. Our experiments were aimed at exploring whether synthetic gamma-lactones had such effects. None of the seven gamma-lactones studied showed antibacterial activity, but two of them inhibited beta-lactamases isolated from various bacteria. These two gamma-lactones did not reduce colony formation of murine bone marrow cells in vitro, indicating that they were not toxic to proliferating mammalian cells. Four gamma-lactones, including the two inhibiting beta-lactamase, stimulated sporulation in the non-sporulating S. griseus bald 7 mutant. Further studies of gamma-lactones as potential inhibitors of beta-lactamase seem to be warranted.
Assuntos
Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactonas/farmacologia , Streptomyces griseus/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de beta-Lactamases , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaio de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Lactonas/síntese química , Lactonas/química , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Esporos Bacterianos/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Acylation of amoxycillin and cephalexin with acids III, V and VII, and with isocyanate VIII furnished the corresponding beta-lactam antibiotics (X and XIII-XV, respectively). The antibacterial activity of these new antibiotic analogues against Helicobacter pylori was found to be identical with those of amoxycillin, Augmentin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin.