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1.
Vet Dermatol ; 35(3): 284-295, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38169074

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: No reports have compared the clinical therapeutic efficacy of fluconazole and itraconazole in canine Malassezia dermatitis. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to compare the clinical therapeutic efficacy of fluconazole and itraconazole and to evaluate the adverse effects of fluconazole in canine Malassezia dermatitis. ANIMALS: Sixty-one client-owned dogs with Malassezia dermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The enrolled animals were randomly divided into groups receiving 5 mg/kg fluconazole (5FZ), 10 mg/kg fluconazole (10FZ) or 5 mg/kg itraconazole (5IZ). The drugs were orally administered once daily for 28 days. Cytological examination, clinical index score (CIS), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) evaluation and blood analysis (for 5FZ only) were performed on Day (D)0, D14 and D28. RESULTS: On D14, significant reductions in mean yeast count (MYC), CIS and PVAS were observed in the 5FZ (n = 20, p < 0.01), 10FZ (n = 17, p < 0.01) and 5IZ (n = 16, p < 0.05) groups. In all three groups, a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in MYC, CIS and PVAS expression was observed on D28. There was no significant difference in the percentage reduction of MYC, CIS and PVAS among the groups. Moreover, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in each group between D14 and D28, except for the percentage reduction in MYC in the 10FZ and 5IZ groups. No adverse effects of fluconazole were observed in the 5FZ or 10FZ groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study indicates that 5FZ and 10FZ are as effective as itraconazole in canine Malassezia dermatitis.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Dermatomicoses , Doenças do Cão , Fluconazol , Itraconazol , Malassezia , Animais , Cães , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Itraconazol/administração & dosagem , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Fluconazol/uso terapêutico , Fluconazol/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Malassezia/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Feminino , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Método Simples-Cego , Resultado do Tratamento
2.
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc ; 59(5): 241-248, 2023 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37708476

RESUMO

It has been reported that hypertriglyceridemia can partially mediate between diabetes mellitus (DM) and pancreatitis in dogs, implying that another mediator, such as chronic hyperglycemia, might exist. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hyperglycemia and serum canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) concentration in diabetic dogs. This retrospective cohort study included 26 client-owned diabetic dogs, divided according to their serum fructosamine levels (<500 µmol/L = well-controlled DM group; ≥500 µmol/L = untreated or poorly controlled DM group). Five of the 26 DM dogs (19.2%) had serum cPLI concentrations consistent with pancreatitis, among which two showed ultrasonographic evidence of pancreatitis without clinical signs. The serum cPLI concentrations (median [interquartile range]) were significantly higher in the untreated or poorly controlled group (520 µg/L [179.76-1000 µg/L]) than in the well-controlled group (77 µg/L [32.22-244.6 µg/L], P = 0.0147). The serum fructosamine concentration was positively correlated with the serum cPLI concentration (r = 0.4816; P = 0.0127). Multivariate analysis revealed serum triglyceride and fructosamine concentrations were associated with the serum cPLI concentration. In conclusion, this study suggests that chronic hyperglycemia may induce pancreatic inflammation in diabetic dogs; however, the clinical significance of increased cPLI concentration is unknown.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Doenças do Cão , Hiperglicemia , Pancreatite , Cães , Animais , Frutosamina , Estudos Retrospectivos , Diabetes Mellitus/veterinária , Hiperglicemia/veterinária , Lipase , Pancreatite/veterinária
3.
Acta Vet Hung ; 71(2): 96-100, 2023 10 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37527008

RESUMO

A 16-year-old castrated male Persian cat was presented with weight loss, anorexia and dyspnoea. Tachycardia and tachypnoea were observed upon presentation. The cat was previously diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and left ventricular hypertrophy and received methimazole, but was subsequently not followed up and treated appropriately. Thoracic radiography revealed mild pleural effusion, interstitial lung pattern, moderate cardiomegaly and moderate-to-severe dilation of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein. On echocardiography, the left ventricular hypertrophy, identified earlier, shoed partial regression. Therefore, the previous myocardial hypertrophy was diagnosed as a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype related to hyperthyroidism. ST-segment elevation was identified on electrocardiography, and the thyroid profile examination revealed increased total thyroxine and free thyroxine and decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, suggesting myocardial injury and uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, respectively. In addition, normal N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and high cardiac troponin I levels were found. Based on these findings, the observed congestive heart failure was considered as a sequel of myocardial injury caused by uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. Clinical signs resolved after intravenous administration of furosemide and butorphanol, oxygen supply and thoracocentesis. Furosemide and pimobendan were additionally administered, and the cat was discharged. This case demonstrates that myocardial damage due to chronic uncontrolled hyperthyroidism may cause heart failure in cats.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica , Doenças do Gato , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Hipertireoidismo , Gatos , Masculino , Animais , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/complicações , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/veterinária , Tiroxina , Furosemida , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/veterinária , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/veterinária , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Cardiomegalia/veterinária , Hipertireoidismo/complicações , Hipertireoidismo/veterinária , Hipertireoidismo/diagnóstico , Fenótipo , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Gato/etiologia
4.
BMC Vet Res ; 18(1): 15, 2022 Jan 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34980137

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In human medicine, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to differentiate between benign and malignant adrenal tumors and to identify metastases. However, canine adrenocortical carcinomas identified by 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) have not been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 13-year-old, castrated male, Cocker Spaniel dog with severe systolic hypertension exhibited an adrenal mass approximately 3.6 cm in diameter on ultrasonography. There was no evidence of pulmonary metastasis or vascular invasion on thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography, respectively. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to identify the characteristics of the adrenal mass and the state of metastasis. One hour after injection of 5.46 MBq/kg 18F-FDG intravenously, the peripheral region of the adrenal mass visually revealed an increased 18F-FDG uptake, which was higher than that of the liver, and the central region of the mass exhibited necrosis. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUV) of the adrenal mass was 3.24; and relative SUV, calculated by dividing the maximal SUV of the adrenal tumor by the mean SUV of the normal liver, was 5.23. Adrenocortical carcinoma was tentatively diagnosed and surgical adrenalectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination of the resected adrenal mass revealed the characteristics of an adrenocortical carcinoma. After adrenalectomy, systolic blood pressure reduced to below 150 mmHg without any medication. CONCLUSION: This is the first case report of 18F-FDG PET/CT findings in a dog with suspected adrenocortical carcinoma and may provide valuable diagnostic information for adrenocortical carcinoma in dogs.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal , Carcinoma Adrenocortical , Doenças do Cão , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/veterinária , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Cães , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Masculino , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/veterinária , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
5.
Vet Dermatol ; 33(6): 509-515, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36000582

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fluconazole can be effective in the treatment of superficial mycoses in dogs. However, the pharmacokinetics of fluconazole have not yet been evaluated to determine its optimal dosing regimen. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the plasma concentration of fluconazole after single and multiple administrations at two different dosages in dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight healthy beagle dogs were divided into two groups, and each group received either 5 or 10 mg/kg of fluconazole per os. The pharmacokinetics of fluconazole was determined following single and multiple administrations p.o. Single- and multiple-dose treatment periods were separated by a washout period of seven days. Plasma concentrations of fluconazole were determined by established high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry system. RESULTS: In the 5 mg/kg group, the mean maximum concentrations (Cmax ) and the area under the plasma concentrations (AUC0-24h ) were 4.84 µg/mL and 85.56 µg*h/mL, respectively, after single administration and 6.58 µg/mL and 119.52 µg*h/mL, respectively, after multiple administrations. In the 10 mg/kg group, the Cmax and AUC0-24h were 5.67 µg/mL and 109.19 µg*h/mL, respectively, after single administration and 15.10 µg/mL and 291.51 µg*h/mL, respectively, after multiple administrations. The Cmax (p < 0.001) and AUC0-24h (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the 5 mg/kg group than those in the 10 mg/kg group at multiple administrations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Fluconazole accumulates in plasma and exhibits dose-proportional pharmacokinetics after multiple doses, and was safe and well tolerated at these doses for short-term administration.


Assuntos
Fluconazol , Cães , Animais , Fluconazol/farmacocinética , Administração Oral , Área Sob a Curva
6.
Acta Vet Hung ; 68(3): 251-256, 2020 09 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33221735

RESUMO

A 10-year-old, spayed female Shih Tzu dog presented with a history of progressive erythema and multiple crusts developing 85 days previously. The dog had been diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) 55 days prior to presentation and was treated with oral trilostane (2.86 mg/kg, once daily) that was discontinued due to a poor response. In addition to generalised alopecia, erythematous plaques and crusts were noted on the trunk, head and footpads. Lesional impression smears revealed numerous acantholytic cells and non-degenerated neutrophils. Histopathological findings demonstrated subcorneal pustules with acantholytic cells and intact neutrophils. On the basis of these findings, we diagnosed pemphigus foliaceus (PF) with concurrent HAC. We wished to avoid glucocorticoids and, therefore, prescribed oral, once-daily azathioprine (2 mg/kg), modified cyclosporine (7 mg/kg) and ketoconazole (5 mg/kg). By day 71 post-treatment, the erythematous crusts had almost disappeared and the alopecia had improved considerably. However, by the subsequent follow-up examination on day 99, the clinical signs had reappeared due to the tapering of cyclosporine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing concurrent PF and HAC in a dog. Combination therapy with azathioprine, modified cyclosporine and ketoconazole was effective, and should be considered for dogs diagnosed with concurrent autoimmune diseases and HAC.


Assuntos
Hiperfunção Adrenocortical/veterinária , Azatioprina/administração & dosagem , Ciclosporina/administração & dosagem , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Cetoconazol/administração & dosagem , Pênfigo/veterinária , Hiperfunção Adrenocortical/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Cães , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Pênfigo/tratamento farmacológico
7.
Vet Med Sci ; 10(1): e1312, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37904649

RESUMO

This report describes the clinical presentation and progression of a Serratia marcescens-associated subcutaneous abscess in a dog with hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus. The S. marcescens isolate was resistant to several antibiotics. Treatment with antibiotics and topical antiseptics was not successful.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Serratia , Cães , Animais , Serratia marcescens , Abscesso/veterinária , Abscesso/complicações , Abscesso/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Serratia/diagnóstico , Infecções por Serratia/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Serratia/veterinária , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico
8.
Vet Med Sci ; 10(5): e1552, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39042703

RESUMO

A 6-year-old spayed female domestic short-hair cat was presented for primary complaints of anorexia and lethargy. The cat was being treated with cyclosporine (25 mg/cat, PO q24h) and prednisolone (1 mg/kg, PO q12h) for feline hypersensitivity dermatitis and inflammatory bowel disease for 1 year, wherein prednisolone was withdrawn 2 weeks prior to presentation. At presentation, dehydration, hyperglycaemia, ketonaemia, increased fructosamine, glucosuria, ketonuria and metabolic acidosis were observed. The cat was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Immediate treatments with insulin continuous-rate infusion and intravenous fluid therapy were initiated. A serum cyclosporine concentration was >2100 ng/mL, indicating cyclosporine toxicity. Cyclosporine was discontinued immediately. The cat's acidosis and ketonaemia were resolved within a week, allowing a switch from insulin continuous-rate infusion to subcutaneous glargine (1 IU/cat), which was eventually discontinued due to persistent normoglycaemia 12 days after initial presentation. Hyperglycaemia was not observed for 28 days thereafter without insulin, indicating remission of diabetes mellitus. This report suggests that using prednisolone, particularly immune suppressive doses, could be problematic in cats receiving long-term cyclosporine therapy. Additionally, diabetic cats receiving immune-suppressive agents can possibly achieve diabetic remission after surviving DKA through regular monitoring of blood glucose concentration, elimination of prednisolone and intensive blood glucose management.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Ciclosporina , Imunossupressores , Prednisolona , Animais , Gatos , Feminino , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Gato/induzido quimicamente , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Prednisolona/administração & dosagem , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus/veterinária , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada
9.
Top Companion Anim Med ; 60: 100847, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38182045

RESUMO

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid mediator that is involved in multiple biological processes. The S1P/S1P receptor (S1PR) signaling pathway has an important role in the central nervous system. It contributes to physiologic cellular homeostasis and is also associated with neuroinflammation. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the expression of S1PR in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The analysis used 12 brain samples from three neurologically normal dogs, seven dogs with MUE, and two canine EAE models. Anti-S1PR1 antibody was used for immunohistochemistry. In normal brain tissues, S1PR1s were expressed on neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and endothelial cells. In MUE and EAE lesions, there was positive staining of S1PR1 on leukocytes. Furthermore, the expression of S1PR1 on neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and endothelial cells was upregulated compared to normal brains. This study shows that S1PR1s are expressed in normal brain tissues and leukocytes in inflammatory lesions, and demonstrates the upregulation of S1PR1 expression on nervous system cells in inflammatory lesions of MUE and EAE. These findings indicate that S1P/S1PR signaling pathway might involve physiologic homeostasis and neuroinflammation and represent potential targets for S1PR modulators to treat MUE.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Doenças do Cão , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental , Receptores de Esfingosina-1-Fosfato , Animais , Cães , Doenças do Cão/metabolismo , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/veterinária , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Receptores de Esfingosina-1-Fosfato/metabolismo , Feminino , Masculino , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Meningoencefalite/metabolismo , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/veterinária , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/metabolismo , Astrócitos/metabolismo
10.
Top Companion Anim Med ; 61: 100890, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38964539

RESUMO

Changes in neutrophil-to-lymphocite ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been identified in dogs with hypercortisolism (HC), but, no studies have investigated the changes in these inflammatory biomarkers as cost-effective and available parameters for the diagnosis and management of HC. This study was performed to evaluate whether NLR and PLR could be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment response in dogs with HC. This retrospective study included 67 dogs with HC, 58 dogs with non-adrenal illness (NAI), and 39 healthy dogs. NLR and PLR were compared among the three groups. Cut-off values of NLR and PLR for HC screening and percent change in biomarkers for assessing treatment response were evaluated. In addition, the NLR and PLR were compared before and after trilostane treatment. NLR and PLR were significantly higher in the HC group than in the NAI and healthy groups. The NLR cut-off value of 4.227 had a sensitivity of 67.16% and specificity of 65.52%, and the PLR cut-off value of 285.0 had a sensitivity of 56.72% and specificity of 70.69% for differentiating between dogs with HC and those with NAI, respectively. Furthermore, a significant decline in NLR was observed after treatment in the well-controlled HC group. The cutoff value of percent change in NLR to identify well-controlled HC was -7.570%; sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 63.64%, respectively. Therefore, NLR and PLR might be used cautiously as supportive biomarkers for HC diagnosis, and NLR could be a potential monitoring tool in assessing the treatment response of HC in dogs.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Doenças do Cão , Neutrófilos , Animais , Cães , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Linfócitos , Síndrome de Cushing/veterinária , Síndrome de Cushing/sangue , Síndrome de Cushing/diagnóstico , Plaquetas , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Di-Hidrotestosterona/sangue , Di-Hidrotestosterona/análogos & derivados , Di-Hidrotestosterona/uso terapêutico , Contagem de Plaquetas/veterinária
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