Predictive factors of upstaging DCIS to invasive carcinoma in BCT vs mastectomy.

BACKGROUND: Upstaging from DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma varies widely from 0 to 59%. We aim to identify risk factors associated with upstaging in all DCIS patients and based on specific surgical intervention. METHODS: Patients with a pre-operative diagnosis of DCIS undergoing BCT or mastectomy were reviewed. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify risk factors for upstaging. RESULTS: In total, 623 patients had a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS. Upstaging occurred in 74 patients (12%) overall. There was no difference in upstaging rates between mastectomy and BCT (11% v 14% p = 0.27). Sentinel lymph node biopsy was positive in 4/212 patients (1%). Multivariable analysis revealed suspicion of microinvasion (OR 5.7 95%CI2.2-14.9), surgeon suspicion of invasive disease (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.4) and larger size/multicentric/extensive tumor (OR 1.9 95% CI 1.1-3.4) increase risk of upstaging. CONCLUSIONS: Suspicion of microinvasion, surgeon suspicion, and tumor size can be used to help guide the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy. For patients without these high risk characteristics, it is hard to justify the use of concurrent SLN biopsy for patients who undergo BCT.

Pegylated interferon alpha - 2a is clinically effective and tolerable in myeloproliferative neoplasm patients treated off clinical trial.

Polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, and myelofibrosis are chronic Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms that are characterized by clonal hematopoiesis, splenomegaly, risk of hemorrhagic and thrombotic sequelae, and profound symptom burden. We review the outcomes of 75 myeloproliferative neoplasm patients treated with pegylated interferon alpha 2a off study at an academic medical center. In the 56 treated polycythemia vera and essential thrombocytosis patients, a complete or partial response was obtained in 78.6% of patients per ELN/IWG-MRT revised criteria, with >80% of polycythemia vera patients becoming phlebotomy independent and 60% of essential thrombocytosis patients having platelet normalization with therapy. In the 19 treated myelofibrosis patients, stable disease was seen in 63.2% of patients. Vascular events occurred in 2/75 (2.6%) of treated patients while on therapy. Grade 3 toxicity was uncommon with leukopenia noted in 1 patient (1.3%). The most common adverse event overall was grade 1 fatigue in 18.7%. This retrospective single center analysis demonstrates pegylated interferon alpha 2a is active and well-tolerated therapy outside the support of a clinical trial. These results substantiate the previously reported efficacy of pegylated interferon alpha 2a in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Further prospective and randomized clinical trial data is required to better delineate pegylated interferon alpha 2a's use in myeloproliferative disease, with emphasis placed on comprehensive molecular characterization, allelic burden quantification, and measurement of histologic response.

Multicenter phase 2 study of combination therapy with ruxolitinib and danazol in patients with myelofibrosis.

Myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that is characterized by splenomegaly, profound symptom burden, and cytopenias. JAK inhibitor therapy offers improvements in splenomegaly, symptom burden, and potentially survival; however, cytopenias remain a significant challenge. Danazol has previously demonstrated improvements in myelofibrosis-associated anemia. We conducted a phase II clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with ruxolitinib, an oral JAK inhibitor, and danazol. Fourteen intermediate or high-risk MF patients were enrolled at 2 institutions. Responses per IWG-MRT criteria were stable disease in 9 patients (64.2%) clinical improvement in 3 (21.4%) all of which were spleen responses, partial response in 1 (7.1%) and progressive disease in 1 (7.1%). Despite limited IWG-MRT response, stabilization of anemia and thrombocytopenia was demonstrated. In JAK inhibitor naïve patients, 4/5 (80%) had stable or increasing hemoglobin. Of the 9 patients on prior JAK inhibitor, 5 patients (55.5%) and 8 patients (88.9%) had stable or increasing hemoglobin or platelet levels, respectively. Adverse events possibly related included grade 3 or greater hematologic toxicity in ten patients (71.4%) and non-hematologic toxicity in two patients (14.3%). Although combination therapy did not lead to increased hematologic response per IWG-MRT criteria, hematologic stabilization was observed and may be clinically useful.

Limitations of fibrosis grade as diagnostic criteria for post polycythemia vera and essential thrombocytosis myelofibrosis.

BACKGROUND: The clinical phenotype of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) including primary myelofibrosis (PMF), polycythemia vera (PV), and essential thrombocytosis (ET) whom manifest WHO grade 1 marrow fibrosis is poorly defined. Current IWG-MRT criteria require 2+ marrow fibrosis for diagnosis of post PV/ET myelofibrosis (MF). In contrast, the 2008 WHO definition of PMF does not require a minimum fibrosis threshold. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 91 MPN patients with 1+ marrow fibrosis. We compared the clinical phenotype of sub threshold fibrosis PV/ET with that manifested by PMF. We applied the IWG-MRT criteria for post-PV/ET MF with the fibrosis component omitted and evaluated for percentage of criteria fulfillment. RESULTS: When IWG-MRT criteria were applied to the PV/ET group, 38/58 (66%) of patients fulfilled criteria for diagnosis of post-PV/ET myelofibrosis except for the 2+ fibrosis requirement. Comparison of sub threshold fibrotic PV/ET clinical phenotype to PMF revealed similar characteristics including heavy symptomatic burden (57% and 52%), presence of splenomegaly (43% and 55%), leukoerythroblastic blood smear (38% and 45%), and median hemoglobin (12.8g/dL and 11.1g/dL). CONCLUSION: MPN progression represents a biological spectrum and definitions of progression in ET/PV may benefit from criteria not restricted by degree of fibrosis.