Disaster management and environmental policy integration in Pakistan - an evaluation with particular reference to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Plan.

Economic and social development, the state of the environment and a propensity for disasters are closely intertwined. Therefore, environmental policy integration (EPI) across development and disaster management (DM) policies and plans is important. Pakistan as a country is highly vulnerable to climate-induced environmental changes and associated disasters. In this paper, the extent to which its national environment and climate change policy, disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy as well as disaster management (DM) plans are aligned is established, based on a review of government documents and expert opinions. In this context, a particular emphasis is put on China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) that led the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Plan (CPEC; 2017-2030). While environmental assessment (EA) is currently not conducted for any DM policies and plans, DM and EA are well integrated into provincial environmental protection acts, in national as well as most provincial DM plans. It is concluded that a regulatory framework to guide EPI in DM for BRI and CPEC projects is needed.

Fault Diagnosis in Regenerative Braking System of Hybrid Electric Vehicles by Using Semigroup of Finite-State Deterministic Fully Intuitionistic Fuzzy Automata.

Regenerative braking is one of the most promising and ecologically friendly solutions for improving energy efficiency and vehicle stability in electric and hybrid electric cars. This research describes a data-driven method for detecting and diagnosing issues in hybrid electric vehicle regenerative braking systems. Early fault identification can help enhance system performance and health. This study is centered on the construction of an inference system for fault diagnosis in a generalized fuzzy environment. For such an inference system, finite-state deterministic fully intuitionistic fuzzy automata (FDFIFA) are established. Semigroup of FDFIFA and its algebraic properties including substructures and structure-preserving maps are investigated. The inference system uses FDFIFA semigroups as variables, and FDFIFA semigroup homomorphisms are employed to illustrate the relationship between variables. The newly established model is then applied to diagnose the possible fault and their nature in the regenerative braking systems of hybrid electric vehicles by modeling the performance of superchargers and air coolers. The method may be used to evaluate faults in a wide range of systems, including autos and aerospace systems.

An Analysis of Algebraic Codes over Lattice Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Type-3 R-Submodules.

In the last few decades, the algebraic coding theory found widespread applications in various disciplines due to its rich fascinating mathematical structure. Linear codes, the basic codes in coding theory, are significant in data transmission. In this article, the authors' aim is to enlighten the reader about the role of linear codes in a fuzzy environment. Thus, the reader will be aware of linear codes over lattice valued intuitionistic fuzzy type-3 (LIF-3) R-submodule and α-intuitionistic fuzzy (α-IF) submodule. The proof that the level set of LIF-3 is contained in the level set of α-IF is given, and it is exclusively employed to define linear codes over α-IF submodule. Further, α-IF cyclic codes are presented along with their fundamental properties. Finally, an application based on genetic code is presented, and it is found that the technique of defining codes over α-IF submodule is entirely applicable in this scenario. More specifically, a mapping from the ℤ 64 module to a lattice L (comprising 64 codons) is considered, and α-IF codes are defined along with the respective degrees.

Homomorphisms of Lattice-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Subgroup Type-3.

The lattice-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set was introduced by Gerstenkorn and Tepavcevi as a generalization of both the fuzzy set and the L-fuzzy set by incorporating membership functions, nonmembership functions from a nonempty set X to any lattice L, and lattice homomorphism from L to the interval [0,1]. In this article, lattice-valued intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup type-3 (LIFSG-3) is introduced. Lattice-valued intuitionistic fuzzy type-3 normal subgroups, cosets, and quotient groups are defined, and their group theocratic properties are compared with the concepts in classical group theory. LIFSG-3 homomorphism is established and examined in relation to group homomorphism. The research findings are supported by provided examples in each section.

Economic Order Quantity Model-Based Optimized Fuzzy Nonlinear Dynamic Mathematical Schemes.

Fuzzy mathematics-informed methods are beneficial in cases when observations display uncertainty and volatility since it is of vital importance to make predictions about the future considering the stages of interpreting, planning, and strategy building. It is possible to realize this aim through accurate, reliable, and realistic data and information analysis, emerging from past to present time. The principal expenditures are treated as fuzzy numbers in this article, which includes a blurry categorial prototype with pattern-diverse stipulation and collapse with salvation worth. Multiple parameters such as a shortage, ordering, and degrading cost are not fixed in nature due to uncertainty in the marketplace. Obtaining an accurate estimate of such expenditures is challenging. Accordingly, in this research, we develop an adaptive and integrative economic order quantity model with a fuzzy method and present an appropriate structure to manage such uncertain parameters, boosting the inventory system's exactness, and computing efficiency. The major goal of the study was to assess a set of changes to the company current inventory processes that allowed an achievement in its inventory costs optimization and system development in optimizing inventory costs for better control and monitoring. The approach of graded mean integration is used to determine the most efficient actual solution. The evidence-based model is illustrated with the help of appropriate numerical and sensitivity analysis through the related visual graphical depictions. The proposed method in our study aims at investigating the economic order quantity (EOQ), as the optimal order quantity, which is significant in inventory management to minimize the total costs related to ordering, receiving, and holding inventory in the dynamic domains with nonlinear features of the complex dynamic and nonlinear systems as well as structures.

Sustainable Energy Consumption Model for Textile Industry Using Fully Intuitionistic Fuzzy Optimization Approach.

Consumption of renewable energy is on the rise because new technologies have made it cheaper and easier to meet the needs of a long-term energy source. In the present study, the idea of optimal usage of sustainable energy is discussed, taking into consideration the environmental and economic conditions that exist in Pakistan's textile manufacturing industry. By taking into account the regional potential for the application of renewable energy resources, solar energy generators are taken into consideration, and a fully intuitionistic fuzzy (FIF) textile energy model is constructed. Using the FIF model to determine the optimal distribution of solar energy units resulted in a tolerable number of unused energy units. These units may be returned to the central power supply station, which would save both money and energy.