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1.
West Afr J Med ; 40(12 Suppl 1): S12, 2023 Dec 04.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38063143

RESUMO

Introduction: L'insuffisance cardiaque (IC) est une issue majeure de santé publique avec une prévalence croissante, touchant aujourd'hui 1 à 3% de la population mondiale. Le but de cette étude était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de l'IC à Kpalimé. Méthodes: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale descriptive réalisée sur quatre mois (janvier à mai 2023) portant sur les patients hospitalisés en médecine au CHP de Kpalimé et chez qui le diagnostic d'IC a été posé avec réalisation de l'échodoppler cardiaque. Résultats: La prévalence de l'IC était de 5,6%. L'âge moyen des patients était de 64,6 ± 17,7 ans avec prédominance masculine et un sexe ratio de 1,07. L'hypertension artérielle (83,8%) était le facteur de risque cardiovasculaire le plus retrouvé. La comorbidité la plus fréquente était l'anémie (16,13%). L'IC globale (54,8%) était le tableau clinique le plus fréquent. La fibrillation atriale était présente chez 12,90% des patients. Une dysfonction systolique du ventricule gauche était retrouvée chez 83,9% des patients. Les lésions cardiaques étaient dominées par la cardiomyopathie dilatée (58%) suivi de la cardiopathie hypertensive non dilatée à part égal avec les valvulopathies organiques chez 12,9% des patients. Les étiologies des cardiomyopathies dilatées étaient hypertensive (38,9%) et ischémique (22,2%). Les IEC et bêtabloquants sont les traitements de fond les plus prescrits. Aucun décès n'a été enregistré dans la série. Le taux de rupture thérapeutique était de 70% au premier rendez-vous de suivi. Conclusion: L'insuffisance cardiaque est une réalité à Kpalimé. Sa prévalence est sous-estimée en raison d'un sousdiagnostic. Sa prise en charge révèle un taux élevé de rupture thérapeutique. La prévention, le dépistage précoce et la prise en charge des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire reste notre meilleure arme pour éviter sa survenue et ses complications. Mots clés: insuffisance cardiaque, épidémiologie, Kpalimé.

2.
West Afr J Med ; 40(12 Suppl 1): S13-S14, 2023 Dec 04.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38063146

RESUMO

Introduction: Les thrombolytiques sont des agents antithrombotiques capables de lyser un thrombus fibrinoplaquettaire et utilisés dans les pathologies thrombotiques artérielles et veineuses même si cette utilisation n'est pas anodine. L'objectif principal de notre étude était d'évaluer de façon générale les complications de la thrombolyse au cours du syndrome coronarien aigu ST+ et de l'embolie pulmonaire (EP). Matériel et méthode: Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective et descriptive réalisée sur sept ans (janvier 2014 à décembre 2021) incluant les patients hospitalisés en cardiologie des CHU Campus et Sylvanus Olympio et ayant bénéficié d'une thrombolyse. Résultats: Soixante-cinq dossiers ont été colligés. L'âge moyen des patients était de 54,6 ± 15,5 ans dont 36 (55,4%) hommes et 29 (44,6%) femmes. La thrombolyse avait été réalisée dans le cadre d'une EP grave (54%) et d'un SCA ST+ (46%). La streptokinase était le seul thrombolytique utilisé, en association dans 87,7% des cas à une anticoagulation parentérale par l'héparine. Le succès de la thrombolyse était notifié chez 52 (80%) patients. Néanmoins des complications étaient survenues chez 25 (38,5%) patients dont 18,5% de réactions anaphylactiques, 17% d'hémorragies mineurs et 10,8% d'hémorragies majeures. Leur prise en charge était marquée par l'arrêt de la thrombolyse ou des anticoagulants, l'injection de corticoïdes ainsi que les mesures de réanimations et d'hémostase. La létalité de ces complications était élevée à 52%. Conclusion: La thrombolyse systémique est souvent le seul moyen thérapeutique d'urgence disponible dans nos régions pour le traitement des maladies cardiovasculaires aiguës (SCA ST+ et EP). La survenue des hémorragies peuvent engager le pronostic vital des patients. Il faudrait mettre en évidence les facteurs favorisants la survenue de ces complications. Mots clés: thrombolyse, complications, embolie pulmonaire, syndrome coronaire aigu.

3.
Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) ; 68(3): 162-167, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30290917

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence and determinants of increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in a population of black hypertensive patients and it influence of on the assessment of their overall cardiovascular risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a 16-month, cross-sectional study conducted in the outpatient unit of the cardiology department of the Campus teaching hospital of Lome, and included 1203 hypertensive patients, both sexes, aged 35 years and more. Each patient benefited from a carotid IMT measure. Carotid IMT was increased if it was>0.9mm and the plaque was defined as a carotid IMT>1.2mm. RESULTS: The mean age of our patients was 53.3±10.4 years with a sex ratio of 1.6 in favor of women. The duration of hypertension was less than 5 years in 56.7% and hypertension was grade 1 in 47.7% of cases. The mean carotid IMT was 0.89mm±0.20. The prevalence of the increased carotid IMT was 45.8% and that of an atheroma plaque was 15.8%. Carotid IMT was correlated with age (P˂0.0001), duration of arterial hypertension (P=0.01), history of stroke (P˂0.0001), and presence of left ventricular hypertrophy to cardiac ultrasound (P=0.01). The overall cardiovascular risk was modified after taking into account the carotid IMT. An increase in cardiovascular risk was observed in 30.5% of hypertensive patients. CONCLUSION: Increased carotid intima-media thickness is frequent in Togolese hypertension. The determining factors are age, duration of arterial hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and stroke. The systematic measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness would better evaluate the overall cardiovascular risk for our patients.


Assuntos
População Negra/estatística & dados numéricos , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea/estatística & dados numéricos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Placa Aterosclerótica/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Togo/epidemiologia
4.
Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) ; 68(1): 28-31, 2019 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30290914

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: High-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) accounts for 5% of total acute PE and is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate therapeutic management by fibrinolysis. The objective of this work is to describe the experience of thrombolysis in high-risk PE in a cardiology department in Togo. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is an analytical and descriptive study carried out in the cardiology department of the Campus teaching hospital of Lomé over a period of 5 years (August 2012 to July 2017) concerning patients hospitalized for high-risk mortality PE and having undergone streptokinase thrombolysis. RESULTS: Twenty-eight of the 102 PE were at high risk of mortality (27.5%). They were 9 men and 19 women with an average age of 61.9±14.1 years. The mean systolic blood pressure was 65mmHg and 50% of the patients were placed on dobutamine. Thrombolysis was performed in 22 of the 28 patients (78.6%). Eighteen patients had a short protocol and 4 a long protocol. The mortality rate was 32.1% or 13.6% in the thrombolysis PE versus 100% in the non-thrombolysis PE (P=0.01). Causes of death in thrombolysis were persistent shock (2 cases) at the end of thrombolysis and sudden death occurred 1 month after hospitalization. The average hospital stay was 18.8 days. CONCLUSION: The high-risk PE remains today a pathology burdened with heavy mortality. Thrombolysis remains the first treatment to reduce this mortality.


Assuntos
Embolia Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Embolia Pulmonar/mortalidade , Terapia Trombolítica/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Serviço Hospitalar de Cardiologia , Cardiotônicos/uso terapêutico , Dobutamina/uso terapêutico , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Fibrinolíticos/administração & dosagem , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estreptoquinase/administração & dosagem , Togo/epidemiologia
5.
Med Sante Trop ; 28(3): 285-288, 2018 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30270832

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the cardiology department of Lome Campus University Hospital in Togo. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a prospective study that consistently included patients hospitalized from 2014 to 2017 for ACS, based on clinical, electrocardiographic, and laboratory findings. RESULTS: Of 1914 patients admitted to the department during the study period, 67 were admitted for ACS, for a 3.5% prevalence. The (M/F) sex ratio was 1.91. Patients' mean age was 60 ± 12 years. The clinical presentation was an ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 71.6% of cases, and non-STEMI in 28.4% of cases, including 18.1% non-Q-wave infarction and 10.3% unstable angina. The mean time to admission after the onset of symptoms was 81.9 ± 124.6 hours. Patients were transported to the hospital by a private vehicle in 82.1% of cases. Thrombolysis was performed for 14.6% of patients (7/48 patients with ACS STEMI), with a success rate of 85.7% (n=6). In-hospital mortality was 10.5% (7/67). This mortality was significantly associated with the interval from onset of symptoms to admission and with the Killip stage. CONCLUSION: Acute coronary syndromes are increasingly common in Togo. They are characterized by a relatively young age and a long delay until admission. Improving the management of these conditions in our countries requires effective primary prevention.


Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/epidemiologia , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Togo
6.
Med Sante Trop ; 24(4): 444-5, 2014.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25500147

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices related to the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in medical settings in Lome (Togo). Hospitalists in Lome are relatively well aware of the risk of VTE in patients. They report risk factors for VTE as the primary indications for thromboprophylaxis. Few physicians cited acute medical conditions among these indications.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Médicos Hospitalares , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controle , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Togo
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