RESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Thermal treatment of the defect margin after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large nonpedunculated colorectal lesions reduces the recurrence rate. Both snare tip soft coagulation (STSC) and argon plasma coagulation (APC) have been used for thermal margin treatment, but there are few data directly comparing STSC with APC for this indication. METHODS: We performed a randomized 3-arm trial in 9 US centers comparing STSC with APC with no margin treatment (control) of defects after EMR of colorectal nonpedunculated lesions ≥15 mm. The primary end point was the presence of residual lesion at first follow-up. RESULTS: There were 384 patients and 414 lesions randomized, and 308 patients (80.2%) with 328 lesions completed ≥1 follow-up. The proportion of lesions with residual polyp at first follow-up was 4.6% with STSC, 9.3% with APC, and 21.4% with control subjects (no margin treatment). The odds of residual polyp at first follow-up were lower for STSC and APC when compared with control subjects (P = .001 and P = .01, respectively). The difference in odds was not significant between STSC and APC. STSC took less time to apply than APC (median, 3.35 vs 4.08 minutes; P = .019). Adverse event rates were low, with no difference between arms. CONCLUSIONS: In a randomized trial STSC and APC were each superior to no thermal margin treatment after EMR. STSC was faster to apply than APC. Because STSC also results in lower cost and plastic waste than APC (APC requires an additional device), our study supports STSC as the preferred thermal margin treatment after colorectal EMR. (Clinicaltrials.gov, Number NCT03654209.).
Assuntos
Pólipos do Colo , Neoplasias Colorretais , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa , Humanos , Pólipos do Colo/patologia , Colonoscopia/métodos , Coagulação com Plasma de Argônio , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Colorretais/etiologia , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Large colon polyps removed by EMR can be complicated by delayed bleeding. Prophylactic defect clip closure can reduce post-EMR bleeding. Larger defects can be challenging to close using through-the-scope clips (TTSCs), and proximal defects are difficult to reach using over-the-scope techniques. A novel, through-the-scope suturing (TTSS) device allows direct closure of mucosal defects without scope withdrawal. The goal of this study was to evaluate the rate of delayed bleeding after the closure of large colon polyp EMR sites with TTSS. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed involving 13 centers. All defect closure by TTSS after EMR of colon polyps ≥2 cm from January 2021 to February 2022 were included. The primary outcome was rate of delayed bleeding. RESULTS: A total of 94 patients (52% female; mean age, 65 years) underwent EMR of predominantly right-sided (n = 62 [66%]) colon polyps (median size, 35 mm; interquartile range, 30-40 mm) followed by defect closure with TTSS during the study period. All defects were successfully closed with TTSS alone (n = 62 [66%]) or with TTSS and TTSCs (n = 32 [34%]), using a median of 1 (interquartile range, 1-1) TTSS system. Delayed bleeding occurred in 3 patients (3.2%), with 2 requiring repeated endoscopic evaluation/treatment (moderate). CONCLUSION: TTSS alone or with TTSCs was effective in achieving complete closure of all post-EMR defects, despite a large lesion size. After TTSS closure with or without adjunctive devices, delayed bleeding was seen in 3.2% of cases. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings before wider adoption of TTSS for large polypectomy closure.
Assuntos
Pólipos do Colo , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Colo/cirurgia , Colo/patologia , Pólipos do Colo/patologia , Colonoscopia/métodos , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Instrumentos CirúrgicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Zenker's diverticulum peroral endoscopic myotomy (zPOEM) is a minimally invasive treatment strategy for Zenker's diverticulum, with excellent results for management of small-to-moderate Zenker's diverticulum. We evaluated its use in the management of large Zenker's diverticulum. METHODS: This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study across 11 international centers including adult patients with large Zenker's diverticulum ≥â40âmm treated by zPOEM between March 2017 and March 2022.âThe primary outcome was clinical success (dysphagia score ≤â1 without need for further intervention). Secondary outcomes included technical success (complete myotomy as intended), adverse events (AEs), and rate of recurrence. RESULTS: 83 patients (male 62.7â%, mean age 72.6 [SD 11.5] years) underwent zPOEM for treatment of large Zenker's diverticulum (median size 50âmm, interquartile range [IQR] 41-55âmm, range 40-80âmm). The zPOEM procedure was technically successful in 82 patients (98.8â%), with a mean procedure time of 48.7 (SD 23.2) minutes. Clinical success was achieved in 71 patients (85.5â%). Median (IQR) symptom scores improved significantly from baseline for dysphagia (2 2 3 vs. 0 [0-2]; Pâ<â0.001), regurgitation (3 2 3 4 vs. 0 [0-0]; Pâ<â0.001), and respiratory symptoms (2 [0-3] vs. 0 [0-0]; Pâ<â0.001). Among patients achieving clinical success, only one recurrence (1.4â%) was recorded during a median follow-up of 12.2 months (IQR 3-28). Post-procedure AEs, all mild to moderate, occurred in four patients (4.8â%). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated safe and effective use of zPOEM in the management of large Zenker's diverticulum.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição , Miotomia , Divertículo de Zenker , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Divertículo de Zenker/cirurgia , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/cirurgia , Estudos de Coortes , Tempo de Internação , Miotomia/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Esofagoscopia/efeitos adversos , Esofagoscopia/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Delayed bleeding is among the most common adverse events associated with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of nonampullary duodenal polyps. We evaluated the rate of delayed bleeding and complete defect closure using a novel through-the-scope (TTS) suturing system for the closure of duodenal EMR defects. METHODS: We reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent EMR for nonampullary duodenal polyps of ≥â10âmm and prophylactic defect closure with TTS suturing between March 2021 and May 2022 at centers in the USA. We evaluated the rates of delayed bleeding and complete defect closure. RESULTS: 36 nonconsecutive patients (61â% women; mean [SD] age, 65 [12] years) underwent EMR of ≥â10-mm duodenal polyps followed by attempted defect closure with TTS suturing. The mean (SD) lesion size was 29 (19) mm, defect size was 37 (25) mm; eight polyps (22â%) involved >â50â% of the lumen circumference. Complete closure was achieved in all cases (78â% with TTS suturing alone), using a median of one TTS suturing kit. There were no cases of delayed bleeding and no adverse events attributed to application of the TTS suturing device. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic closure of nonampullary duodenal EMR defects using TTS suturing resulted in a high rate of complete closure and no delayed bleeding events.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Duodenais , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Masculino , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/efeitos adversos , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/métodos , Estudos de Coortes , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias Duodenais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Duodenais/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pólipos Intestinais/patologia , Estudos Multicêntricos como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) are minimally invasive procedures that treat early rectal cancer (ERC). Both are effective treatments, yet there are very few studies comparing them. The aim of our study was to identify ideal candidates for each procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2016 and November 2019, 204 ERC patients were managed with either ESD (n=101) or TEM (n=103) at 7 international centers. Data analyzed included clinical success, tumor characteristics, procedure info, and recurrence rates. RESULTS: Median tumor size was 40 mm±23.9 in the ESD group and 56 mm±27.9 in the TEM group, significantly larger in the latter ( P <0.00001). Average procedure time was 131.5±67.9 minutes in ESD group and 104.9±28.4 minutes in TEM group ( P =0.000347). Average hospital stay was 3.3±2.6 days in the ESD group and 4.7±0.7 days in the TEM group ( P <0.00001). Adverse event rate was 6.8% in the ESD group and 24% in the TEM group. There were no significant difference in the rate of en bloc resection, technical success, tumor location, necessity of additional procedures, and tumor recurrence rates. CONCLUSION: Compared with TEM, ESD is a safer procedure with shorter hospital stay and should be offered for patients who have ERC.
Assuntos
Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa , Neoplasias Retais , Microcirurgia Endoscópica Transanal , Humanos , Microcirurgia Endoscópica Transanal/efeitos adversos , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/efeitos adversos , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/métodos , Análise Custo-Benefício , Dissecação , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Given that gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are a prominent extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19, we investigated intestinal infection with SARS-CoV-2, its effect on pathogenesis, and clinical significance. METHODS: Human intestinal biopsy tissues were obtained from patients with COVID-19 (n = 19) and uninfected control individuals (n = 10) for microscopic examination, cytometry by time of flight analyses, and RNA sequencing. Additionally, disease severity and mortality were examined in patients with and without GI symptoms in 2 large, independent cohorts of hospitalized patients in the United States (N = 634) and Europe (N = 287) using multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS: COVID-19 case patients and control individuals in the biopsy cohort were comparable for age, sex, rates of hospitalization, and relevant comorbid conditions. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in small intestinal epithelial cells by immunofluorescence staining or electron microscopy in 15 of 17 patients studied. High-dimensional analyses of GI tissues showed low levels of inflammation, including down-regulation of key inflammatory genes including IFNG, CXCL8, CXCL2, and IL1B and reduced frequencies of proinflammatory dendritic cells compared with control individuals. Consistent with these findings, we found a significant reduction in disease severity and mortality in patients presenting with GI symptoms that was independent of sex, age, and comorbid illnesses and despite similar nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral loads. Furthermore, there was reduced levels of key inflammatory proteins in circulation in patients with GI symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These data highlight the absence of a proinflammatory response in the GI tract despite detection of SARS-CoV-2. In parallel, reduced mortality in patients with COVID-19 presenting with GI symptoms was observed. A potential role of the GI tract in attenuating SARS-CoV-2-associated inflammation needs to be further examined.
Assuntos
COVID-19/virologia , Gastroenteropatias/virologia , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Mucosa Intestinal/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/mortalidade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/sangue , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Gastroenteropatias/imunologia , Gastroenteropatias/mortalidade , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Prognóstico , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Carga ViralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most studies on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) utilized a 15-mm lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS). More recently, a 20-mm LAMS has become available. This study aimed to compare rates of technical and clinical success and adverse events (AEs) in patients undergoing EUS-GE using a 20-mm vs. 15-mm LAMS. METHODS: Patients who underwent EUS-GE with 15-mm or 20-mm LAMS for malignant GOO during the period from January 2018 to October 2020 were included. The primary outcome was clinical success, defined as an increase in the gastric outlet obstruction score (GOOS) by at least 1 point during follow-up.âSecondary outcomes were technical success, maximum tolerated diet, re-intervention rate, and rate/severity of AEs. RESULTS: 267 patients (mean age 67 years, 43â% women) with malignant GOO from 19 centers underwent EUS-GE. Clinical success rates were similar for the 15-mm and 20-mm stents (89.2â% [95â%CI 84.2â%-94.2â%] vs. 84.1â% [77.4%-90.6â%], respectively). However, a significantly higher proportion of patients in the 20-mm group tolerated a soft solid/complete diet at the end of follow-up (91.2â% [84.4â%-95.7â%] vs. 81.2â% [73.9â%-87.2â%], Pâ=â0.04). Overall, AEs occurred in 33 patients (12.4â% [8.4â%-16.3â%]), with similar rates for 15-mm and 20-mm stents (12.8â% [7.5â%-18.2â%] vs. 11.8â% [6â%-17.6â%]), including incidence of severe/fatal AEs (2â% [0.4â%-5.8â%] vs. 3.4â% [0.9â%-8.4â%]). CONCLUSIONS: The 20-mm and 15-mm LAMS show similar safety and efficacy for patients undergoing EUS-GE for malignant GOO. The 20-mm LAMS allows a more advanced diet and is, thus preferred for EUS-GE.
Assuntos
Obstrução da Saída Gástrica , Gastroenterostomia , Idoso , Endossonografia/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/etiologia , Obstrução da Saída Gástrica/cirurgia , Gastroenterostomia/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Stents/efeitos adversos , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/efeitos adversosRESUMO
GOAL: We aim to perform a multicenter retrospective cohort study to determine if elevated serum lipase determines clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). BACKGROUND: Several cases of acute pancreatitis (AP) have recently been reported in association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Most of the evidence is based on elevated serum lipase values without objective demonstration of pancreatic inflammation or necrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A population-based, multicenter, retrospective cohort study utilizing TriNetX was performed to obtain aggregated health records of â¼69 million patients from 49 health care organizations from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Adult patients (18 y and above) diagnosed with COVID-19 were identified using appropriate International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes and were stratified into 2 groups, with elevated (≥180 U/L) and with normal (≤80 U/L) serum lipase. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality; other outcomes were 30-day rehospitalization, need for mechanical ventilation, need for vasopressor use, acute kidney injury. RESULTS: A total of 435,731 adult patients with COVID-19 were identified, and 1406 of them had elevated serum lipase which was associated with higher 30-day mortality [risk ratio (RR)=1.53, P<0.001], risk of acute kidney injury (RR=1.5, P=0.003), and vasopressor use (RR=1.69, P<0.001) without any difference in 30-day rehospitalization (RR=0.98, P=0.54), or need for mechanical ventilation (RR=1.20, P=0.26). The negative predictive value of normal serum lipase for 3-month mortality in patients with COVID-19 was 91%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COVID-19 who have elevated serum lipase experience worse clinical outcomes even in the absence of AP. If these findings can be replicated in prospective studies, serum lipase can be utilized as a marker of disease severity in patients with COVID-19.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pancreatite , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Biliary drainage using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS-BD) has been developed as a novel technique to obtain biliary access and drainage when ERCP fails. Numerous studies have demonstrated its safety and efficacy specifically pertaining to those with malignant distal biliary obstruction or altered foregut anatomy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EUS-BD in benign indications in patients with normal foregut anatomy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective comparative study from 5 academic medical centers (2008-2018) involving patients with benign biliary obstruction and native foregut anatomy who had an initial failed ERCP with subsequent attempt at biliary decompression via EUS-BD or by repeating ERCP. RESULTS: 36 patients (mean age 61.6 ± 2.2, 38.9% female) who underwent attempted EUS-BD following initial failed ERCP were compared to 50 patients (mean age 62.7 ± 2.3, 73.5% female) who underwent repeat ERCP following an initial failed cannulation. EUS-BD was technically successful in 28 (77.8%) patients with rendezvous being the most common approach (86.1%). A higher level of pre-procedural bilirubin was found to be associated with technical success of EUS-BD (3.65 ± 0.63 versus 1.1 ± 0.4, p value 0.04). Success of repeat ERCP following failed cannulation was 86%. Adverse events were significantly more frequent in the EUS-BD cohort when compared to the repeat ERCP (10 (27.8%) versus 4 (8.0%), p = 0.02, OR 4.32. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-BD remains a viable therapeutic option in the setting of benign biliary disease, with success rates of 77.8%. Adverse events were significantly more common with EUS-BD vs. repeat ERCP, emphasizing the need to perform in expert centers with appropriate multidisciplinary support and to strongly consider the urgency of biliary decompression before considering same session EUS-BD after failed initial biliary access.
Assuntos
Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Colestase , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/métodos , Colestase/diagnóstico por imagem , Colestase/etiologia , Colestase/cirurgia , Drenagem/métodos , Endossonografia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The introduction of new technologies in endoscopy has been met with uncertainty, skepticism, and lack of standardization or training parameters, particularly when disruptive devices or techniques are involved. The widespread availability of a novel endoscopic suturing device (OverStitch™) for tissue apposition has enabled the development of applications of endoscopic suturing. METHODS: The American Gastroenterological Association partnered with Apollo Endosurgery to develop a registry to capture in a pragmatic non-randomized study the safety, effectiveness, and durability of endoscopic suturing in approximating tissue in the setting of bariatric revision and fixation of endoprosthetic devices. RESULTS: We highlight the challenges of the adoption of novel techniques by examining the process of developing and executing this multicenter registry to assess real-world use of this endoscopic suturing device. We also present our preliminary data on the safety and effectiveness of the novel device as it is applied in the treatment of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The Prospective Registry for Trans-Orifice Endoscopic Suturing Applications (ES Registry) was an effective Phase 4, postmarketing registry aimed at capturing pragmatic, real-world use of a novel device. These findings serve to solidify the role of endoscopic suturing in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Sutura , Suturas , Humanos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Obesidade , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a widely accepted treatment option for superficial gastric neoplasia in Asia, but there are few data on outcomes of gastric ESD from North America. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of gastric ESD in North America. METHODS: We analyzed data from 347 patients who underwent gastric ESD at 25 centers, from 2010 through 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, lesion characteristics, procedure details and related adverse events, treatment outcomes, local recurrence, and vital status at the last follow up. For the 277 patients with available follow-up data, the median interval between initial ESD and last clinical or endoscopic evaluation was 364 days. The primary endpoint was the rate of en bloc and R0 resection. Secondary outcomes included curative resection, rates of adverse events and recurrence, and gastric cancer-related death. RESULTS: Ninety patients (26%) had low-grade adenomas or dysplasia, 82 patients (24%) had high-grade dysplasia, 139 patients (40%) had early gastric cancer, and 36 patients (10%) had neuroendocrine tumors. Proportions of en bloc and R0 resection for all lesions were 92%/82%, for early gastric cancers were 94%/75%, for adenomas and low-grade dysplasia were 93%/ 92%, for high-grade dysplasia were 89%/ 87%, and for neuroendocrine tumors were 92%/75%. Intraprocedural perforation occurred in 6.6% of patients; 82% of these were treated successfully with endoscopic therapy. Delayed bleeding occurred in 2.6% of patients. No delayed perforation or procedure-related deaths were observed. There were local recurrences in 3.9% of cases; all occurred after non-curative ESD resection. Metachronous lesions were identified in 14 patients (6.9%). One of 277 patients with clinical follow up died of metachronous gastric cancer that occurred 2.5 years after the initial ESD. CONCLUSIONS: ESD is a highly effective treatment for superficial gastric neoplasia and should be considered as a viable option for patients in North America. The risk of local recurrence is low and occurs exclusively after non-curative resection. Careful endoscopic surveillance is necessary to identify and treat metachronous lesions.
Assuntos
Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa , Neoplasias Gástricas , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/efeitos adversos , Mucosa Gástrica/cirurgia , Humanos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In 2020, only 19% of 63 matched advanced endoscopy (AE) fellows were women. This study evaluates the gender-specific factors that influence gastroenterologists to pursue careers in AE. METHODS: An anonymous survey was distributed to gastroenterology fellows and attendings through various gastroenterology society online forums. Data were collected on demographics, training, mentorship, current practice, family planning, and career satisfaction. RESULTS: Women comprised 71.1% of the 332 respondents. 24.7% of female fellows plan to pursue an AE career compared with 37.5% of male fellows (P = 0.195). The main motivating factor for both genders was interest in the subject area. Interest in another subspecialty was the main deterring factor for both genders. Women were more deterred by absence of same-sex mentors (P < 0.001), perception of gender-based bias in the workplace (P = 0.009), family planning (P = 0.018), fertility/pregnancy risks from radiation (P < 0.001), and lack of ergonomic equipment (P = 0.003). AE gastroenterologists of both genders were satisfied with their career decision and would recommend the field to any fellow. Most respondents (64%) believed that more female role models/mentors would improve representation of women in AE. DISCUSSION: There are multiple gender-specific factors that deter women from pursuing AE. Increasing the number of female role models is strongly perceived to improve representation of women in AE. Most AE attendings are satisfied with their career and would recommend it to fellows of any gender. Thus, early targeted mentorship of female trainees has potential to improve recruitment of women to the field.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Escolha da Profissão , Endoscopia , Gastroenterologistas , Satisfação no Emprego , Adulto , Bolsas de Estudo , Feminino , Gastroenterologia/educação , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic necrosectomy has emerged as the preferred treatment modality for walled-off pancreatic necrosis. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of direct endoscopic necrosectomy with and without hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) lavage. METHODS: Retrospective chart reviews were performed for all patients undergoing endoscopic transmural management of walled-off pancreatic necrosis at 9 major medical centers from November 2011 to August 2018. Clinical success was defined as the resolution of the collection by imaging within 6 months, without requiring non-endoscopic procedures or surgery. RESULTS: Of 293 patients, 204 met the inclusion criteria. Technical and clinical success rates were 100% (204/204) and 81% (166/189), respectively. For patients, 122 (59.8%) patients had at least one H2O2 necrosectomy (H2O2 group) and 82 (40.2%) patients had standard endoscopic necrosectomy. Clinical success was higher in the H2O2 group: 106/113 (93.8%) vs 60/76 (78.9%), P = 0.002. On a multivariate analysis, the use of H2O2 was associated with higher clinical success rate (odds ratio 3.30, P = 0.033) and earlier resolution (odds ratio 2.27, P < 0.001). During a mean follow-up of 274 days, 27 complications occurred. Comparing procedures performed with and without H2O2 (n = 250 vs 183), there was no difference in post-procedure bleeding (7 vs 9, P = 0.25), perforation (2 vs 3, P = 0.66), infection (1 vs 2, P = 0.58), or overall complication rate (n = 13 [5.2%] vs 14 [7.7%], P = 0.30). DISCUSSION: H2O2-assisted endoscopic necrosectomy had a higher clinical success rate and a shorter time to resolution with equivalent complication rates relative to standard necrosectomy.See the visual abstract at http://links.lww.com/AJG/B714.(Equation is included in full-text article.).
Assuntos
Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/uso terapêutico , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/terapia , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/uso terapêutico , Drenagem/métodos , Endossonografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda/diagnóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Gastroenterologists at all levels of practice benefit from formal mentoring. Much of the current literature on mentoring in gastroenterology is based on expert opinion rather than data. In this study, we aimed to identify gender-related barriers to successful mentoring relationships from the mentor and mentee perspectives. METHODS: A voluntary, web-based survey was distributed to physicians at 20 academic institutions across the United States. Overall, 796 gastroenterology fellows and faculty received the survey link, with 334 physicians responding to the survey (42% response rate), of whom 299 (90%; 129 women and 170 men) completed mentorship questions and were included in analysis. RESULTS: Responses of women and men were compared. Compared with men, more women preferred a mentor of the same gender (38.6% women vs 4.2% men, P < 0.0001) but less often had one (45.5% vs 70.2%, P < 0.0001). Women also reported having more difficulty finding a mentor (44.4% vs 16.0%, P < 0.0001) and more often cited inability to identify a mentor of the same gender as a contributing factor (12.8% vs 0.9%, P = 0.0004). More women mentors felt comfortable advising women mentees about work-life balance (88.3% vs 63.8%, P = 0.0005). Nonetheless, fewer women considered themselves effective mentors (33.3% vs 52.6%, P = 0.03). More women reported feeling pressured to mentor because of their gender (39.5% vs 0.9% of men, P < 0.0001). Despite no gender differences, one-third of respondents reported negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their ability to mentor and be mentored. DISCUSSION: Inequities exist in the experiences of women mentees and mentors in gastroenterology, which may affect career advancement and job satisfaction.
Assuntos
Estágio Clínico , Gastroenterologia/educação , Equidade de Gênero , Tutoria , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos , UniversidadesRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) has traditionally been treated with open surgery or rigid endoscopy. With the advances in endoscopy, alternative flexible endoscopic treatments have been developed. METHODS: This document reviews current endoscopic techniques and devices used to treat ZD. RESULTS: The endoscopic techniques may be categorized as the traditional flexible endoscopic septal division and the more recent submucosal tunneling endoscopic septum division, also known as peroral endoscopic myotomy for ZD. This document also addresses clinical outcomes, safety, and financial considerations. CONCLUSIONS: Flexible endoscopic approaches treat symptomatic ZD with results that are favorable compared with traditional open surgical or rigid endoscopic alternatives.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório , Divertículo de Zenker , Endoscópios , Esofagoscopia , Humanos , Divertículo de Zenker/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: With an increasing number of women joining procedural fields, including gastroenterology, optimizing the work environment for learning, teaching, and clinical practice is essential to the well-being of both physicians and their patients. We queried female and male gastroenterologists on their beliefs toward the endoscopy suite environment, as well as their experiences in learning and teaching endoscopic skills. METHODS: We distributed a web-based survey to 403 gastroenterology fellows and practicing gastroenterologists at 12 academic institutions and 3 large private practices. We used univariate and multivariate analysis to compare the responses of female and male gastroenterologists. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 32% (n = 130); 54 women and 61 men completed the survey in its entirety and were included in the analysis (15 respondents did not meet the inclusion criteria). Baseline demographics were comparable between the groups. Overall, fewer women than men were trained using tactile instruction (41% vs 67%; P = .004). Of those trained using tactile instruction, 60.3%, with no gender differences, felt it was also important for endoscopic learning. More women reported experiencing gender bias toward themselves during training (57.4% vs 13.1%; P = .001) as well as in their current careers (50.0% vs 9.8%; P = .001). When queried on treatment of gastroenterologists by endoscopy staff, 75.9% of women reported that men were treated more favorably, whereas 70.5% of men felt that both male and female gastroenterologists were treated equally. CONCLUSIONS: Inequities exist with regard to the experience of men and women in gastroenterology, and specific challenges for women may have an impact on their career choices and ability to safely and effectively learn, teach, and practice endoscopy.
Assuntos
Gastroenterologistas , Gastroenterologia , Escolha da Profissão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sexismo , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) are a novel class of devices that have expanded the spectrum of endoscopic GI interventions. LAMSs with their dumbbell configuration, short saddle length, and large inner luminal diameter provide favorable stent characteristics to facilitate anastomosis formation between the gut lumen and adjacent structures. METHODS: The MEDLINE database was searched through April 2021 for articles related to LAMSs by using additional relevant keywords such as "walled-off pancreatic necrosis," "pseudocysts," "pancreatic fluid collection," "cholecystitis," "gastroenterostomy," in addition to "endoscopic treatment" and "endoscopic management," among others. RESULTS: This technology review describes the full spectrum of LAMS designs and delivery systems, techniques for deployment, procedural outcomes, safety, training issues, and financial considerations. CONCLUSIONS: Although LAMSs were initially introduced for drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis, the versatility of these devices has led to a variety of off-label uses including gallbladder drainage, enteric bypass with the creation of gastroenterostomies, and treatment of luminal GI strictures.
Assuntos
Pseudocisto Pancreático , Pancreatite Necrosante Aguda , Drenagem , Endossonografia , Vesícula Biliar , Humanos , Stents , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic management of acute cholecystitis has expanded in patients who are considered nonoperative candidates. Traditionally managed with percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC), improvement in techniques and devices has led to increased use of endoscopic methods for gallbladder drainage. This document reviews technical aspects of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ET-GBD) and EUS-guided GBD (EUS-GBD) as well as their respective technical/clinical success and adverse event rates. Available comparative data are also reviewed among nonsurgical gallbladder drainage techniques (PC, ET-GBD, and EUS-GBD). METHODS: The MEDLINE database was searched through March 2021 for relevant articles by using keywords including "acute cholecystitis," "interventional EUS," "percutaneous cholecystostomy," "transpapillary gallbladder drainage," "EUS-guided gallbladder drainage," "lumen-apposing metal stent," "gallbladder stenting," and "endoscopic gallbladder drainage." The manuscript was drafted by 2 authors and reviewed by members of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Technology Committee and subsequently by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Governing Board. RESULTS: Multiple studies have demonstrated acceptable outcomes comparing PC and both endoscopic gallbladder drainage techniques, ET-GBD and EUS-GBD. Published data suggest that endoscopic gallbladder drainage techniques may be associated with lower rates of adverse events and improved quality of life. However, there are important clinical considerations for choosing among these treatment options, requiring a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach to therapeutic decision-making in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of EUS-GBD and ET-GBD in high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis may result in favorable outcomes when compared with PC. Further improvements in techniques and training should lead to more widespread acceptance and dissemination of these treatment options.
Assuntos
Colecistite Aguda , Colecistostomia , Colecistite Aguda/cirurgia , Drenagem , Endossonografia , Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Humanos , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Data on colorectal EMR (C-EMR) training are lacking. We aimed to evaluate C-EMR training among advanced endoscopy fellows (AEFs) by using a standardized assessment tool (STAT). METHODS: This multicenter prospective study used a STAT to grade AEF training in C-EMR during their 12-month fellowship. Cumulative sum analysis was used to establish learning curves and competence for cognitive and technical components of C-EMR and overall performance. Sensitivity analysis was performed by varying failure rates. AEFs completed a self-assessment questionnaire to assess their comfort level with performing C-EMR at the completion of their fellowship. RESULTS: Six AEFs (189 C-EMRs; mean per AEF, 31.5 ± 18.5) were included. Mean polyp size was 24.3 ± 12.6 mm, and mean procedure time was 22.6 ± 16.1 minutes. Learning curve analyses revealed that less than 50% of AEFs achieved competence for key cognitive and technical C-EMR endpoints. All 6 AEFs reported feeling comfortable performing C-EMR independently at the end of their training, although only 2 of them achieved competence in their overall performance. The minimum threshold to achieve competence in these 2 AEFs was 25 C-EMRs. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively low proportion of AEFs achieved competence on key cognitive and technical aspects of C-EMR during their 12-month fellowship. The relatively low number of C-EMRs performed by AEFs may be insufficient to achieve competence, in spite of their self-reported readiness for independent practice. These pilot data serve as an initial framework for competence threshold, and suggest the need for validated tools for formal C-EMR training assessment.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Gastroenterologia , Competência Clínica , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Gastroenterologia/educação , Humanos , Curva de Aprendizado , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is highly effective for the management of achalasia, clinical failures may occur. The optimal management of patients who fail POEM is not well known. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of different management strategies in patients who had failed POEM. METHODS: This was an international multicenter retrospective study at 16 tertiary centers between January 2012 and November 2019.âAll patients who underwent POEM and experienced persistent or recurrent symptoms (Eckardt scoreâ>â3) were included. The primary outcome was to compare the rates of clinical success (Eckardt score ≤â3) between different management strategies. RESULTS : 99 patients (50 men [50.5â%]; mean age 51.4 [standard deviation (SD) 16.2]) experienced clinical failure during the study period, with a mean (SD) Eckardt score of 5.4 (0.3). A total of 29 patients (32.2â%) were managed conservatively and 70 (71â%) underwent retreatment (repeat POEM 33 [33â%], pneumatic dilation 30 [30â%], and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) 7 [7.1â%]). During a median follow-up of 10 (interquartile range 3â-â20) months, clinical success was highest in patients who underwent repeat POEM (25â/33 [76â%]; mean [SD] Eckardt score 2.1 [2.1]), followed by pneumatic dilation (18/30 [60â%]; Eckardt score 2.8 [2.3]), and LHM (2/7 [29â%]; Eckardt score 4 [1.8]; Pâ=â0.12). A total of 11 patients in the conservative group (37.9â%; mean Eckardt score 4 [1.8]) achieved clinical success. CONCLUSION : This study comprehensively assessed an international cohort of patients who underwent management of failed POEM. Repeat POEM and pneumatic dilation achieved acceptable clinical success, with excellent safety profiles.