Silatrane-Sulfonamide Hybrids as Promising Antibacterial Agents.

At the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, a series of silatrane-sulfonamide hybrids 1a-d and 2a-d was synthesized. The antibacterial activity of 1a, 1b, 1d, 2a, and 2b against test strains of bacteria Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG, Yersinia enterocolitica 628/1, Listeria monocytogenes 766, and Starhylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P (FDA 209-Р) was evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration for silatrane-sulfonamide hybrids was 100-200 mg/liter. Silatrane-sulfonamide hybrid 1d was the most active against all tested strains: minimum inhibitory concentration 100 mg/liter. Exposure to silatrane-sulfonamide hybrids in a doses of 100-200 mg/liter inhibited culture growth by 50-75%.

The Influence of Comorbid Endemic Goiter on the Quality of Life of Patients with Gastrointestinal Pathology.

The impairment of adaptive mechanisms of functional systems of the body plays an important role in the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. This impairment is caused by unfavorable ecological and radiation conditions, external stress factors, food containing carcinogens, macro - and microelements deficiency. Technogenic environmental pollution contributes to decrease in the level of iodine in the body and more severe course of thyroid pathology. Diseases of the digestive and endocrine systems and their combination will occupy one of the leading places among the existing pathologies according to the forecasts of WHO experts in the XXI century. Adaptation of the body to various environmental influences is the most important factor in the quality of life. The relevance of the study was determined by the high incidence of psychological disadaptation, borderline personality disorders and, as a consequence, decrease in the quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal pathology and hypothyroidism. The article presents the results of comparative analysis of the quality of life indications of patients with gastric ulcer and / or gastroesophageal reflux disease in combination with hypothyroidism. The Russian-language analogue of the international questionnaire SF36 was used to analyze the indicatoions of patients' quality of life. The results of the study will allow to formulate the diagnosis exactly and organize adequate, comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment.

[Automated identification, interpretation and classification of focal changes in the lungs on the images obtained at computed tomography for lung cancer screening].

This review article analyzes data of literature devoted to the description, interpretation and classification of focal (nodal) changes in the lungs detected by computed tomography of the chest cavity. There are discussed possible criteria for determining the most likely of their character--primary and metastatic tumor processes, inflammation, scarring, and autoimmune changes, tuberculosis and others. Identification of the most characteristic, reliable and statistically significant evidences of a variety of pathological processes in the lungs including the use of modern computer-aided detection and diagnosis of sites will optimize the diagnostic measures and ensure processing of a large volume of medical data in a short time.

[Intelligent distributed system of population cancer screening].

This review summarizes data dedicated to improving the efficiency of screening of malignant tumors through the use of modern information and telecommunication technologies. It is showed that currently available software solutions in the field of medical imaging is not enough adapted for population screening. So far there is no single standard that defines checking algorithms of data processing at certain controlled conditions. The most expected result will be the organization of information centralized storage, sharing diagnostic data, providing broad access to them, automated analysis and selection of diagnostically significant results through the software. The basic requirements for the development of self-learning systems for intelligent processing array of heterogeneous data through the use of technologies of semantic networks are provided.

[Clinical anatomy of the Bernasconi-Cassinari artery]. / Klinicheskaya anatomiya arterii Bernaskoni­Kassinari.

The article provides a comprehensive overview of the Bernasconi-Cassinari's artery (marginal tentorial branch of internal carotid artery, r. marginalis tentorii a. carotis internae). It includes information on the history of its discovery, anatomical features, and topography. The interrelation between the anatomical features of this artery and the presence of neurological pathology in patients is discussed, along with neurosurgical treatment methodologies.

[Current principles in the chemoprophylaxis of acute respiratory viral infections].

AIM: To evaluate the preventive efficacy of the Russian antiviral drug ingavirin (vitaglutam) in the epidemiological foci with the peak incidence of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Four hundred men and women aged 18 to 65 years from the epidemic foci of ARVI who had been in close daily contact with the patients whose diagnosis was verified by laboratory tests were examined. Two hundred persons received prophylaxis with ingavirin (a 90-mg oral capsule once daily for 7 days) and 200 took placebo according to the same scheme. The efficiency index and coefficient were calculated and the relative risk of the disease was estimated to evaluate the efficiency of ARVI prevention. A pharmacoeconomic analysis was made. RESULTS: There is evidence that the administration of 90-mg ingavirin capsules (OAO "Valenta Farm", Russia) caused a reduction in morbidity rates among those who had been in contact by 63% and in the risk of ARVI by 2.7 times. There was a reduction in the duration of fever by one day and a milder course of respiratory disease in the ingavirin-treated contact persons who developed ARVI. CONCLUSION: Ingavirin meets all requirements for current drugs for the nonspecific prevention of ARVI at the peak of its incidence. It has a pronounced protective effect and broad-spectrum activity, low toxicity and high safety, which allows it to be recommended for the emergency intrafocal prevention at the peak of the incidence of influenza and ARVI in adults.

[Distance methods of cardiologic monitoring in diagnostics of high loading effects on organism of sportsman and cosmonaut].

Increase of cardiovascular tension is a common thing for professional athletic training. Cardiovascular pathologies can be prevented by permanent physiological monitoring using, among others, the methods of cardiologic monitoring so far available in stationary diagnostic centers. On-line remote diagnostics during training is potent to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of sporting people's health management. In addition, RD will also enable extensive investigations of the bodily responses of individually determined training loads. The paper gives an overview of the current RM technologies.

[Hemodynamic indices of children's cardio-vascular system with due regard for their constitutional differences].

The paper presents the study of adaptation of cardio-vascular system of children from 5 to 7 to heightened physical activity with due regard for somatic peculiarities of human organism. A careful account is given to reographic and cyclo-ergometic methods of research under the physical load of heightened power capacities 1 and 1.5 watt per 1 kg body weight. The dosage of physical loads with regard for somatic peculiarities of human organism assists the rise in the standarts of children's functional training. Considerable increase of functional potentialities of children of different somatic types is revealed in the exponents of absolute physical efficiency, transient and systolic amount of blood. Bigger rise of hemodynamic indices have girls in comparison with boys of the same age.

[Pathogenetic implications of lipid spectrum in some infectious diseases].

AIM: To estimate concentrations of blood serum lipids and erythrocytic membranes in the conditions of intoxication syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lipids were studied in the serum and erythrocytic membranes of 48 patients with oropharyngeal diphtheria and 67 patients suffering from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in different forms and severity of the disease. RESULTS: Various correlations were found between structural and serum lipids. This is pathogenetically important for characterizing biomembranes and variants of activation of lipid metabolism in conditions of intoxication syndrome in diphtheria and HFRS. CONCLUSION: At the height of diphtheria and HFRS organization of biomembrane phospholipids conformation creates conditions for cell disorganization.

[The phospholipid spectrum of erythrocyte membranes in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome].

The subjects of the study--patients with severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome--were divided into two groups: those who were on hemodialysis, and those who were not. The study included evaluation of the phospholipid spectrum of erythrocyte membranes in the acute period and during recovery. The results revealed conformational shifts in the structure of the bilipid membrane layer, which were maximal during the acute phase of the disease, as well as less prominent and varied changes in the phospholipid spectrum during recovery. This allows determination of the terms of rehabilitation of the patients and substantiates administration of membrane stabilizers as a part of complex therapy of residual syndrome.

[Vestibulo-ocular reflexes in patients with chronic impairment of cerebral circulation].

Vestibular dysfunction was studied in 95 patients with initial cerebral circulatory insufficiency (CCI) stage I and II. Sinusoidal rotation proved highly effective in staging the disease, as initial CCI responses with vestibular hyperreflexia to sinusoidal rotation with closed eyes. With CCI progression, some patients demonstrated inhibition of vestibular excitability while other patients had enhanced excitability. This shows clinical heterogeneity of CCI stage II. P-waves correlating with marked vestibulocerebellar symptoms and high vestibular excitability evidence for CCI stage II. It is established that severity of impairment of nystagmus suppression with glance fixation on a moving object depends on the disease stage.

Mechanism of methionine-enkephalin modulation of glutamatergic transmission in the rat striatum.

The effect of methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) on responses of rat brain neostriatum neurones to microiontophoretic application of glutamate was studied in experiments with extracellular recording of spike activity. Met-Enk administered by microiontophoresis was shown to depress the glutamate-induced responses. In parallel experiments with synaptic membranes isolated from the striatum it was shown that Met-Enk reduces specific binding of glutamate. Analysis of binding curves suggests that the reduced [3H]glutamate binding in the rat striatum membranes was due to decreased binding sites, whereas binding affinity was not changed. The data obtained show that the depressive effect of Met-Enk may be due to the inhibitory influence of the peptide on glutamate binding to its postsynaptic receptors.

Extraction of tungsten with 8-hydroxyquinoline and some of its derivatives.

The extraction of tungsten by chloroform solutions of 8-hydroxyquinoline(I), 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline(II), 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline(III) and 8-mercaptoquinoline(IV), as a function of the concentration of tungsten and reagent and the acidity of the aqueous phase, has been studied. Evidence was obtained for the quantitative extraction of tungsten over a wide range of acidity. The degree of extraction of tungsten at 10(-5)M concentration with I,III and IV gives two maxima when plotted against acidity. The extraction maximum for the more acidic solutions lies in the region where the reagents exist in the protonated form and its position depends on the reagent used. It is suggested that different tungsten complexes are extracted, depending on the acidity of the aqueous phase.

[Reaction of the brain receptor system to the effect of low intensity microwaves]. / Reaktsii retseptornykh sistem mozga na deistvie mikrovoln nizkoi intensivnosti.

We have found that two important brain synaptic receptor systems are very sensitive to the influence of low intensity microwaves. Both the excitatory glutamatergic and the inhibitory GABAergic are affected by microwave exposure. Power densities higher 50 microW/cm2 caused changes in the binding properties of these receptors to agonists. Low frequence modulation of microwaves was essential for these effects. Statistically significant effects on mean value of binding were observed at 16 Hz modulation. Exposure to microwave radiation changes the binding of agonists to glutamate and GABA receptors in different ways. An increase was observed for glutamate and a decrease for GABA. We suppose that the effect of microwaves is related to the stress reactions of the organism.

[Quantitative evaluation of periodicity of cell movement in the process of aggregation]. / Kolichestvennaia otsenka periodizma dvizhenii kletok v protsesse agregatsii

A method of quantitative estimation of quasiperiodic cell movements is considered which allows to approximate the process under study by the sum of trigonometric functions. The possibilities of the method are deomonstrated in the analysis of cell and aggregate movement during the development of a sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis from dissociated cells, taken as an example. The spectral composition of the movement of cell aggregates was found to change with time; the high frequencies disappear gradualy and the lower ones appear.

[Effect of adaptation to continuous stress on the contractile function and electric stability of the heart]. / Vliianie adaptatsii i nepreryvnomu stressornomu vozdeistviiu na sokratitel'nuiu funktsiiu i élektricheskuiu stabil'nost' serdtsa.

In the time course of 15-day stress of moderate intensity, rat experiments indicated that following a day there developed a complex of changes typical of acute stressor syndrome. Five days of post-stress , the stress-related cardiac syndrome ceased, bradycardia developed, the contractile function was limited, and the fibrillation threshold returned to the control values, which was shown to be associated with activation of the cholinergic stress-limiting system. Fifteen days later there was normalization of heart rate and cardiac contractility, the fibrillation threshold remained at the baseline level.

[Formation and reversal development of the local mechanisms of heart protection during adaptation to continuous stress]. / Formirovanie i obratnoe razvitie lokal'nykh mekhanizmov zashchity serdtsa pri adaptatsii k nepreryvnomu stressornomu vozdeistviiu.

Experiments with isolated rat hearts demonstrated that in the course of adaptation to continuous immobilized stress of moderate intensity (1, 5, and 15 days), the heart gradually (at day 15) formed the defense mechanism previously described, that is the adaptive structural stabilization phenomenon (ASSP). ASSP defends cardiac contractile function and has a powerful antiarrhythmic and cytoprotective effect in total ischemia, reperfusion, and under the action of toxic concentrations of calcium and catecholamines. The protective ASSP effect formed over 15 days of continuous stress proved to be steady-state, remaining for 15 days of adaptation cessation. Thus, during adaptation to continuous stress higher regulatory mechanisms determine the gradual development of a highly effective defense mechanism in the heart at the cellular level.

[Prolonged pharmacologic sleep in the complex treatment of patients with severe forms of alcoholic delirium]. / Prodlennyí medikamentoznyí son v komplekse lecheniia tiazhelykh form alkogol'nogo deliriia.

Results of treating 235 patients suffering from grave alcohol delirium complicated with somatic pathology are presented. Use was made of various methods of inducing prolonged drug sleep: by neuroleptics, barbiturates with analgesics sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate alone or in combination with barbiturates or viadril. The method of using the combination of sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate with barbiturates or viadril G appeared to be the most effective. It use resulted in a rapid elimination of psychomotor excitation, quick induction of deep sleep, considerable shortening of the psychotic period, rapid normalization of vitally important body functions, and shortening of the duration of the post-delirium asthenization.

[Anti-arrhythmic effect of adaptative activation of the vagus nerve system and a new synthetic acetylcholine analog]. / Antiaritmicheskii éffekt adaptatsionnoi aktivatsii sistemy bluzhdaiushchego nerva i novogo sinteticheskogo analoga atsetilkholina.

A higher vagal tone or its stimulation under certain conditions is known to increase the threshold of cardiac fibrillation and even to arrest developing arrhythmias. This effect is usually evaluated as a result of limiting the excessive adrenergic effect on the heart, which is observed in stress and ischemia. The following two facts have been first identified: 1) adaptation to moderate continuous stress may induce tonic excitation of parasympathetic regulation of the heart and enhance its resistance to ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias; 2) this antiarrhythmic effect is completely reproducible by the recently synthesized acetylcholine analogue EDIHYP, ethyl-3/2-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazinium/propionate iodate.