RESUMO
Most studies on vocational rehabilitation after heart transplantation (HTX) are based on self-reported data. Danish registries include weekly longitudinal information on all public transfer payments. We intended to describe 20-year trends in employment status for the Danish heart-transplant recipients, and examine the influence of multimorbidity and socioeconomic position (SEP). Linking registry and Scandiatransplant data (1994-2018), we conducted a study in recipients of working age (19-63 years). The cohort contained 492 recipients (79% males) and the median (IQR) age was 52 years (43-57 years). Five years after HTX, 30% of the survived recipients participated on the labor market; 9% were in a flexible job with reduced health-related working capacity. Moreover, 60% were retired and 10% eligible for labor market participation were unemployed. Recipients with multimorbidity had a higher age and a lower prevalence of employment. Five years after HTX, characteristics of recipients with labor market participation were: living alone (27%) versus cohabitation (73%); low (36%) versus medium-high (64%) educational level; low (13%) or medium-high (87%) income group. Heart-transplant recipients with multimorbidity have a higher age and a lower prevalence of employment. Socioeconomically disadvantaged recipients had a lower prevalence of labor market participation, despite being younger compared with the socioeconomically advantaged.
Assuntos
Emprego , Transplante de Coração , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Dinamarca , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem , Reabilitação Vocacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviço Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , MultimorbidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Reduced left ventricular function, assessed by global longitudinal strain (GLS), is sometimes observed in asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and is often present in patients with diabetes-related microvascular complications. Our aim was to assess the association between microvascular complications, coronary artery plaque burden (PB) and GLS in asymptomatic patients with DM and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included patients with DM without any history, symptoms or objective evidence of obstructive CAD. All patients were identified in the outpatient Clinic of Endocrinology at Odense University Hospital Svendborg. An echocardiography and a coronary computed tomography angiography were performed to assess GLS and the degree of CAD, respectively. A coronary artery stenosis < 50% was considered non-obstructive. A linear regression model was used to evaluate the impact of potential confounders on GLS with adjustment of body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), microvascular complications, type of diabetes, tissue Doppler average early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (e') and PB. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-two patients were included, of whom 172 (77%) had type 2 DM and 50 (23%) had type 1 diabetes. One hundred and eleven (50%) patients had microvascular complications. GLS decreased as the burden of microvascular complications increased (P-trend = 0.01): no microvascular complications, GLS (- 16.4 ± 2.5%), 1 microvascular complication (- 16.0 ± 2.5%) and 2-3 microvascular complications (- 14.9 ± 2.8%). The reduction in GLS remained significant after multivariable adjustment (ß 0.50 [95% CI 0.11-0.88], p = 0.01). BMI (ß 0.12 [95% CI 0.05-0.19]) and MAP (ß 0.05 [95% CI 0.01-0.08]) were associated with reduced GLS. In addition, an increased number of microvascular complications was associated with increased PB (ß 2.97 [95% CI 0.42-5.51], p = 0.02) in a univariable linear regression model, whereas there was no significant association between PB and GLS. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of microvascular complications was associated with reduced GLS independent of other cardiovascular risk factors in asymptomatic patients with DM and non-obstructive CAD. In addition, the burden of microvascular complications was associated with increasing PB, whereas PB was not associated with GLS.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Microcirculação , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças Assintomáticas , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiopatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) following heart transplantation (HTx) accounts for approximately 10% of post-HTx deaths. Ischemia, brady- and tachy-arrhythmias caused by rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) seem related to SCD. Hence, we aimed to investigate the relation between CAV, arrhythmias and silent ischemia in long-term HTx patients. Methods. 49 HTx patients were included. Patients were CAV classified in accordance with guidelines from the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation. Patients were divided into predefined CAV groups (CAV 0, CAV 1, CAV 2 + 3). Incidences of arrhythmia and silent ischemia were detected by 48-h electrocardiogram monitoring and analyzed blinded to CAV-status. Results. Median time since transplantation was 9 years [IQR 4-14]. We observed a higher incidence of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) in CAV 2 + 3 patients than CAV 0 and 1 patients (p = .01). Likewise, isolated premature ventricular complexes (PVC) (p = .01) and PQ-interval prolongation (p = .01) were more frequent in CAV 2 + 3 patients than CAV 0 and 1 patients. Silent ischemia was only observed among CAV 3 patients (p = .04). We saw no significant difference in the incidence of supraventricular tachycardia among CAV groups (p = .21). Likewise, no difference in the right bundle branch block was observed (p = .68). Conclusion. NSVT was associated with CAV status in long-term HTx patients. Patients with moderate to severe CAV showed higher incidences of PVCs and PQ-interval prolongation than patients with mild or no CAV. Silent ischemia was only seen in patients with severe CAV.
Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas , Transplante de Coração , Isquemia , Aloenxertos , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Arritmias Cardíacas/epidemiologia , Angiografia Coronária , Transplante de Coração/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
To compare changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) randomised to a 1-year treat-to-target strategy with either adalimumab plus methotrexate or placebo plus methotrexate. Prespecified secondary analyses from the OPERA trial, where 180 early and treatment-naïve RA patients received methotrexate 20 mg once weekly in combination with either placebo or subcutaneous adalimumab 40 mg every other week. Serum lipid levels were measured at baseline and after 1 year. Changes in lipid levels were analysed using mixed linear models based on the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Overall, 174 patients were included in the ITT population (adalimumab plus methotrexate n = 86; placebo plus methotrexate n = 88). Differences between changes in lipid levels were low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 0.18 mmol/l [95% CI - 0.05 to 0.42], total cholesterol 0.27 mmol/l [- 0.002 to 0.54], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 0.05 mmol/l [- 0.06 to 0.15], triglycerides 0.11 mmol/l [- 0.08 to 0.29], very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 0.03 mmol/l [- 0.05 to 0.12], and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 0.22 mmol/l [- 0.02 to 0.46]. In early RA patients treated to tight control of inflammation over a period of 1 year with either adalimumab plus methotrexate or placebo plus methotrexate, changes in lipid levels were similar. Trial registration number: NCT00660647.
Assuntos
Adalimumab/administração & dosagem , Antirreumáticos/administração & dosagem , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Metotrexato/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Esquema de Medicação , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Lipoproteínas HDL/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/efeitos dos fármacos , MasculinoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The clinical consequences of coincident RA and coronary artery disease (CAD) are unknown. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate the impact of RA on the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with and without CAD. METHODS: A population-based cohort of patients registered in the Western Denmark Heart Registry, who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) between 2003 and 2016, was stratified according to the presence of RA and CAD. Endpoints were myocardial infarction (MI), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; MI, ischaemic stroke and cardiac death) and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 125 331 patients were included (RA: n=1732). Median follow-up was 5.2 years. Using patients with neither RA nor CAD as reference (cumulative MI incidence 2.7%), the 10-year risk of MI was increased for patients with RA alone (3.8%; adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRRadj) 1.63, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.54), for patients with CAD alone (9.9%; IRRadj 3.35, 95% CI 3.10 to 3.62), and highest for patients with both RA and CAD (12.2%; IRRadj 4.53, 95% CI 3.66 to 5.59). Similar associations were observed for MACE an all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing CAG, RA is significantly associated with the 10-year risk of MI, MACE and all-cause mortality regardless of the presence of CAD. However, patients with RA and CAD carry the largest risk, while the additive risk of RA in patients without CAD is minor. Among patients with RA, risk stratification by presence or absence of documented CAD may allow for screening and personalised treatment strategies.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/mortalidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Idoso , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologiaRESUMO
Objectives: Development of right ventricular failure (RVF) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation remains a leading cause of perioperative morbidity, end-organ dysfunction and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the etiology of HF (ischemic HF versus non-ischemic HF) affects the risk of RVF within admission for LVAD implantation and during long-term follow-up. Methods: Between January 2011 and June 27, 2018, 3536 patients were prospectively enrolled into EUROMACS registry. Adult patients (>18 years) who received a first time LVAD were included. When excluding patients with congenital, restrictive, hypertrophic, valvular cardiomyopathies, and myocarditis the total population consisted of 2404 patients. Results: The total cohort consists of 2404 patients. Mean age were 55 years and predominantly male sex [2024 (84.2%)]. At the time of LVAD implantation 1355 (56.4%) patients had ischemic HF and 1049 (43.6%) patients had non-ischemic HF. The incidence of RVF was significantly increased in the non-ischemic HF group in the adjusted model (p = .026). The relative risk difference for RVF in patients with non-ischemic HF was in the adjusted model increased by an absolute value of 5.1% (95% CI: 0.61-9.6). In the ischemic HF group 76 patients (13.4%) developed late RVF and 62 patients (14.8%) in the non-ischemic HF group (p = .56). No differences in occurrence of RVF between HF etiology was observed after 2 and 4 years of follow-up, respectively (crude: p = .25, adjusted (sex and age) p = .2 and crude: p = .59, adjusted (sex and age) p = .44). Conclusions: Patients with non-ischemic HF undergoing LVAD had an increased incidence of early RVF compared to patients with ischemic HF in a large European population. During follow-up after discharge 14% patients developed RVF. We recommend HF etiology to be considered in identifying patients who are at risk for postoperative RVF after LVAD implantation.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Coração Auxiliar , Implantação de Prótese/efeitos adversos , Implantação de Prótese/instrumentação , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/epidemiologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Função Ventricular Direita , Adulto , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Left ventricle mass (LVM) can be influenced by various conditions including hypertension and/or inherent cardiomyopathies. Dysglycemia is also thought to exert an anabolic effect on heart tissue by hyperinsulinemia and thereby promoting increased LVM. The primary aim of this study was to assess the influence of dysglycemia on LVM evaluated by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in patients admitted with a first myocardial infarction (MI) without hypertension. The secondary aim was to assess the impact of dysglycemia on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality during long-term follow-up. METHODS: Patients admitted with a first MI without known history of hypertension were included. All patients without previously known type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had a standardized 2-hour OGTT performed and were categorized as: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and newly detected T2DM (new T2DM). LVM was measured by echocardiography using Devereaux formula and indexed by body surface area. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess the impact of confounders (dysglycemia by OGTT, known T2DM, age, sex and type of MI) on LVM. Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the impact of dysglycemia on all-cause mortality and a composite endpoint of MACE (all-cause mortality, MI, revascularisation due to stable angina, coronary artery bypass graft, ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke). RESULTS: Two-hundred-and-five patients were included and followed up to 14 years. In multivariate regression analysis, LVM was only significantly increased in patients categorized as new T2DM (ß = 25.3; 95% CI [7.5-43.0]) and known T2DM (ß = 37.3; 95% CI [10.0-64.5]) compared to patients with NGT. Patients with new T2DM showed higher rates of MACE and all-cause mortality compared to patients with IFG/IGT and NGT; however no significantly increased hazard ratio was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Dysglycemia is associated with increasing LVM in normotensive patients with a first acute myocardial infarction and the strongest association was observed in patients with new T2DM and patients with known T2DM. Dysglycemia in normotensive patients with a first MI is not an independent predictor of neither MACE nor all-cause mortality during long-term follow-up compared to normotensive patients without dysglycemia.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Transtornos do Metabolismo de Glucose/sangue , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Remodelação Ventricular , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Dinamarca , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Transtornos do Metabolismo de Glucose/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Metabolismo de Glucose/mortalidade , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Admissão do Paciente , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
AIMS: We examined the relationship between donor-specific HLA antibody (DSA) presence and graft function, hemodynamics, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in stable long-term heart-transplanted (HTx) patients. METHODS: Sera from 79 patients (median 7.5 years after HTx) were analyzed for DSA presence. Graft function was evaluated by echocardiography and right heart catheterization. CAV burden was determined by coronary angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR). Patients were prospectively followed after DSA assessment. MACE included significant CAV progression, heart failure, treated rejection, and cardiovascular death. RESULTS: Sixty patients had no DSA, and 19 patients were sensitized. The vasculopathy burden by angiography, OCT, and CFVR was more pronounced in DSA-positive patients than in DSA-negative patients. DSA-positive patients had higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (16 [8; 21] vs 9 mm Hg [7; 11], P<.05) and right atrial pressure (8 [6; 9] vs 4 mm Hg [2; 6], P<.01) and lower global longitudinal strain (-13% [-10; -15] vs -16% [-14; -17], P<.01) than DSA-negative patients. DSA presence was a strong MACE predictor (HR 4.7 (95% CI 2.0-11.4), P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: DSA-positive patients had higher vasculopathy burden, higher filling pressures, and lower longitudinal myocardial deformation than DSA-negative patients. The DSA presence was a strong MACE predictor.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Transplante de Coração , Isoanticorpos/sangue , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatias/imunologia , Cardiomiopatias/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/imunologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Rejeição de Enxerto/diagnóstico , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/imunologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Hemodinâmica/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Método Simples-Cego , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Abnormal glucose tolerance in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with greater mortality and adverse cardiovascular effects. As statins possess a range of beneficial pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system, we sought to assess the cardioprotective effects of statins on left ventricular function in patients with AMI in relation to glycometabolic state. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized trial, 140 patients with AMI were randomized to intensive statin therapy receiving statin loading with 80 mg of rosuvastatin followed by 40 mg daily or standard statin therapy. Patients were assessed with an oral glucose tolerance test and their left ventricular (LV) function was assessed with speckle-tracking echocardiography measuring regional longitudinal systolic strain (RLSS) in the infarct area. RESULTS: Overall RLSS in the infarct area improved by a mean (±SD) of -4.22% (±5.19) in the intensive-care group and -2.48% (±4.01) in the usual-care group after 1 month (p = 0.047). In patients with abnormal glucose tolerance, RLSS improved by -5.01% (±5.28) in the intensive-care group and -2.15% (±4.22) in the usual-care group (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Early high-dose statin treatment improved RLSS in the infarct area in patients with AMI, and a trend of greater improvement was seen in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance.
Assuntos
Intolerância à Glucose , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/administração & dosagem , Função Ventricular Esquerda/efeitos dos fármacos , Idoso , Dinamarca , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Regressão , Sístole/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study aimed to characterize right heart function in heart transplantation (HTx) patients using advanced echocardiographic assessment and simultaneous right heart catheterization (RHC). Comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic assessment of right heart function was performed in 105 subjects (64 stable HTx patients and 41 healthy controls). RHC was performed at rest and during semi-supine maximal exercise test. Compared with controls, in conclusion, HTx patients had impaired right ventricle (RV) systolic function in terms of decreased RV-free wall (FW) global longitudinal strain (GLS) (-20 ± 5% vs. -28 ± 5%, P < 0.0001) and 3D-ejection fraction (EF) (50 ± 8% vs. 60 ± 6%, P < 0.0001). In HTx patients, echocardiographic RV systolic function was significantly correlated with NYHA-class (3D-RVEF: r = -0.62, P < 0.0001; RV-FW-GLS: r = -0.41, P = 0.0009) and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (3D-RVEF: r = -0.42, P = 0.0005; RV-FW-GLS: r = -0.25, P = 0.0444). RHC demonstrated a good correlation between invasively assessed resting RV-stroke volume index and exercise capacity (r = 0.58, P < 0.0001) and NYHA-class (r = -0.41, P = 0.0009). RV systolic function is reduced in HTx patients compared with controls. 3D RVEF and 2D longitudinal deformation analyses are associated with clinical performance in stable HTx patients and seem suitable in noninvasive routine right heart function evaluation after HTx. Invasively assessed RV systolic reserve was strongly associated with exercise capacity.
Assuntos
Ecocardiografia , Tolerância ao Exercício , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Transplante de Coração , Ventrículos do Coração/cirurgia , Hemodinâmica , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Angiografia Coronária , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Coração , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Volume Sistólico , Sístole , Disfunção Ventricular DireitaRESUMO
This study aimed to assess clinical, functional, and hemodynamic characteristics of heart-transplanted (HTX) patients during exercise. We performed comprehensive echocardiographic graft function assessment during invasive hemodynamic semi-supine exercise test in 57 HTX patients. According to hemodynamics findings, patients were divided into Group A: normal left ventricular (LV) filling pressure (FP): pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) <15 mmHg at rest and <25 mmHg at peak exercise, and Group B: elevated LV-FP: PCWP ≥15 mmHg at rest or ≥25 mmHg at peak exercise. Thirty-one patients (54%) had normal LV-FP and 26 patients (46%) had elevated LV-FP. The latter had higher cumulative rejection burden (P < 0.01) and were more symptomatic (NYHA class >1) (P < 0.05), and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) was more prevalent (P < 0.05). With exercise, the changes in both left- and right-sided filling pressures were significantly increased, whereas LV longitudinal myocardial deformation was lower (P < 0.05) in patients with elevated LV-FP than in patients with normal LV-FP. No between-group difference was observed for cardiac index or LV ejection fraction (LVEF) during exercise. In conclusion, elevated LV-FP can be demonstrated in approximately 50% of HTX patients. Patients with elevated LV-FP have impaired myocardial deformation capacity, higher prevalence of CAV, and higher rejection burden, and were more symptomatic. Exercise test with the assessment of longitudinal myocardial deformation should be considered in routine surveillance of HTX patients as a marker of restrictive filling (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02077764).
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Transplante de Coração , Hemodinâmica , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Transplante de Coração/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the role of microvascular dysfunction on left ventricular (LV) longitudinal deformation, filling pressures, and exercise capacity in heart-transplanted (HTx) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-seven HTx patients underwent comprehensive echocardiographic graft function assessment during symptom-limited, semisupine exercise test with simultaneous right heart catheterization. Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) was measured in the left anterior descending artery using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. We divided patients into two groups based on upper and lower median of CFVR. Twenty-six healthy subjects served as controls. Compared with healthy controls, HTx patients had reduced CFVR (P < 0.0001), exercise capacity (P < 0.0001), and LV longitudinal deformation capacity (P < 0.0001). HTx patients in the reduced CFVR group (CFVR < 2.73) were more symptomatic (P < 0.0001) and had higher prevalence of coronary cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) (P < 0.0001) than patients in the high CFVR group. Systolic function improved in both HTx groups during exercise. However, LV longitudinal myocardial deformation improved significantly more in the high CFVR group (P < 0.0001). Peak exercise LV global longitudinal strain and CFVR were strongly correlated (r = 0.8, P < 0.0001). A weak correlation was observed between CFVR and invasive cardiac index at peak exercise (r = 0.35, P < 0.01) and CFVR and LV filling measured by E/e' ratio (r = -0.41, P < 0.01) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = -0.30, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HTx patients have reduced CFVR, exercise capacity, and LV longitudinal myocardial deformation capacity compared with healthy individuals. HTx patients with reduced CFVR are more symptomatic and have increased prevalence of CAV. Furthermore, reduced CFVR is correlated with reduced LV longitudinal myocardial deformation and exercise capacity.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/etiologia , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Transplante de Coração/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Tolerância ao Exercício , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Volume Sistólico , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term influence of repeated acute cellular rejections on left ventricular longitudinal deformation in heart transplantation (HTX) patients. One hundred and seventy-eight HTX patients were included in the study. Rejections were classified according to the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) classification (0R-3R). Patients were divided into three groups according to rejection scores (RSs). Group 1: <50% of biopsies with 1R rejection and no ≥2R rejections; Group 2: ≥50% of biopsies with 1R rejection or one biopsy with ≥2R rejection; Group 3: ≥Two biopsies with ≥2R rejections. All patients had a comprehensive echocardiographic examination and coronary angiography. We found significantly decreasing global longitudinal strain (GLS) comparing to rejection groups (GLS group 1: -16.8 ± 2.4 (%); GLS group 2: -15.9 ± 3.3 (%); GLS group 3: -14.5 ± 2.9 (%), P = 0.0003). After excluding patients with LVEF < 50% or vasculopathy, GLS was still significantly reduced according to RS groups (P = 0.0096). Total number of 1R and 2R rejections correlated significant to GLS in a linear regression model. In contrast, we found fractional shortening and LVEF to be unaffected by repeated rejections. In conclusion, repeated cardiac rejections lead to impaired graft function as detected by decreasing magnitude of GLS. In contrast, traditional systolic graft function surveillance by LVEF did not correlate to rejection burden.
Assuntos
Rejeição de Enxerto/patologia , Transplante de Coração , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Dysfunction of the diaphragm may ultimately lead to respiratory insufficiency and compromise patient outcome. Evaluation of diaphragm function is cumbersome. Fluoroscopy has been the gold standard to measure diaphragmatic excursion. Ultrasonography can visualize diaphragm excursion and holds many advantages such as no radiation exposure, increased portability and accessibility. However, correlation between fluoroscopy and ultrasonography has never been studied. We aimed to compare fluoroscopic and ultrasound measures of diaphragm excursion to determine if ultrasonography can replace fluoroscopy. METHODS: We performed ultrasound and fluoroscopy simultaneously during sniff inspiration and at total inspiratory capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure and in healthy volunteers. Cranio-caudal excursion was measured by fluoroscopy and compared directly to M-mode excursion, B-mode excursion, area change, resting thickness, thickening fraction and contraction velocity measured by ultrasonography. RESULTS: Forty-two participants were included. The Pearson correlation between M-mode and fluoroscopy excursion was 0.61. The slope was 0.9 (90%CI 0.76-1.04) in a regression analysis. Using the Bland-Altman method, the bias was - 0.39 cm (95% CI - 1.04-0.26), p = 0.24. The Pearson correlation between fluoroscopy and B-mode and area change ultrasonography was high; low for thickness and fraction. All correlations were lower during sniff inspiration compared with inspiratory capacity breathing. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography has an acceptable correlation and bias compared to fluoroscopy and can thus be used as the primary tool to evaluate diaphragm excursion.
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Aims: We aimed to investigate the influence of socioeconomic position (SEP) and multimorbidity on cross-sectional healthcare utilization and prognosis in patients after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation. Methods and results: We included first-time CRT recipients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% implanted between 2000 and 2017. Data on chronic conditions, use of healthcare services, and demographics were obtained from Danish national administrative and health registries. Healthcare utilization (in- and outpatient hospitalizations, activities in general practice) was compared by multimorbidity categories and SEP by using a negative binomial regression model. The association between SEP, multimorbidity, and prognostic outcomes was analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression. We followed 2007 patients (median age of 70 years), 79% were male, 75% were on early retirement or state pension, 37% were living alone, and 41% had low education level for a median of 5.2 [inter-quartile range: 2.2-7.3) years. In adjusted regression models, a higher number of chronic conditions were associated with increased healthcare utilization. Both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular hospital contacts were increased. Patients with low SEP had a higher number of chronic conditions, but SEP had limited influence on healthcare utilization. Patients living alone and those with low educational level had a trend towards a higher risk of all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.33, and aHR 1.09, 95% CI 0.96-1.24). Conclusion: Multimorbidity increased the use of cross-sectional healthcare services, whereas low SEP had minor influence on the utilizations. Living alone and low educational level showed a trend towards a higher risk of mortality after CRT implantation.
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AIMS: Pharmacological therapy remains a cornerstone in heart failure (HF) treatment despite implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between 1) drug discontinuation, and 2) long-term adherence to HF pharmacotherapy after CRT implantation and socioeconomic position and multimorbidity. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a registry-based cohort study including all patients who underwent a first-time CRT implantation at Aarhus University Hospital from 2000-2017. HF pharmacotherapy included beta blockers (BBs), renin angiotensin system inhibitors (ACEI/ARB), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). Patients were identified using the Danish Pacemaker and ICD Registry, and information about medication and comorbidities was obtained through linkage to the Danish health registries. We identified 2,007 patients of whom 1,880 (94%) were eligible for inclusion. The cumulative incidence of drug discontinuation at 10 years was 6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5-8%) for BB, 10% (95% CI 9-12%) for ACEI/ARB, and 24% (95% CI 20-27%) for MRAs. Living alone was associated with higher BB discontinuation rates (hazard ratio [HR] 1.83, 95%CI 1.20-2.79), whereas patients with multimorbidity were more likely to discontinue ACEI/ARB- (HR 1.92, 95%CI 1.33-2.80) and MRA therapy (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10-2.09). Income- and educational level did not influence drug discontinuation rates, and similar adherence patterns were observed across all strata of socioeconomic position and multimorbidity. CONCLUSION: In patients with CRTs, drug discontinuation rates were low, and adherence to HF pharmacotherapy was comparable regardless of socioeconomic position. Living alone and multimorbidity were associated with discontinuation of specific HF drugs.
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PURPOSE: Labor market participation is an important rehabilitation goal for working-age patients living with heart failure (HF). Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces mortality and HF hospitalizations and improves quality of life, but no studies have investigated labor market participation following CRT. We therefore aimed to describe labor market participation in patients with HF before and after CRT implantation. METHODS: This region-wide register-based cohort study comprised patients with HF aged 40 to 63 yr, with ejection fraction ≤35% and QRS duration >130 milliseconds, who received a CRT system from 2000 to 2017 in the Central Denmark Region. Using unambiguous, individual-level linkage in Danish medical and administrative registries, we assessed weekly employment status from 1 yr prior to CRT implantation until 2 to 5 yr of follow-up and conducted stratified analyses by sociodemographic and disease-related risk factors. RESULTS: We identified 546 patients, of whom 42% were in early retirement 1 yr prior to implantation. Active employment decreased from 45% to 19% from 1 yr before until implantation, declining primarily in the last 8 wk before implantation. The proportion of patients in active employment increased in the first 8 wk after CRT implantation and then stabilized, reaching 31% at 1-yr follow-up. We observed lower labor market participation in patients with older age, multimorbidity, lower educational level, and upgrade procedures, but higher in later calendar year. CONCLUSIONS: In working-age patients with HF, labor market participation increased after CRT implantation, despite many patients being retired prior to implantation. We observed differences in active employment related to several sociodemographic and disease-related factors.
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INTRODUCTION: Pleural effusion is present in half of the patients hospitalised with acute heart failure. The condition is treated with diuretics and/or therapeutic thoracentesis for larger effusions. No evidence from randomised trials or guidelines supports thoracentesis to alleviate pleural effusion due to acute heart failure. The Thoracentesis to Alleviate cardiac Pleural effusion Interventional Trial (TAP-IT) will investigate if a strategy of referring patients with acute heart failure and pleural effusion to up-front thoracentesis by pleural pigtail catheter insertion in addition to pharmacological therapy compared with pharmacological therapy alone can increase the number of days the participants are alive and not hospitalised during the 90 days following randomisation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: TAP-IT is a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial aiming to include 126 adult patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45% and a non-negligible pleural effusion due to heart failure. Participants will be randomised 1:1, stratified according to site and anticoagulant treatment, and assigned to referral to up-front ultrasound-guided pleural pigtail catheter thoracentesis in addition to standard pharmacological therapy or to standard pharmacological therapy only. Thoracentesis is performed according to local guidelines and can be performed in participants in the pharmacological treatment arm if their condition deteriorates or if no significant improvement is observed within 5 days. The primary endpoint is how many days participants are alive and not hospitalised within 90 days from randomisation and will be analysed in the intention-to-treat population. Key secondary outcomes include 90-day mortality, complications, readmissions, and quality of life. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Capital Region of Denmark Scientific Ethical Committee (H-20060817) and Knowledge Center for Data Reviews (P-2021-149). All participants will sign an informed consent form. Enrolment began in August 2021. Regardless of the nature, results will be published in a peer-reviewed medical journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05017753.