A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19).

The epidemic of pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been listed as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO), and its harm degree is defined as a global "pandemic". At present, the efforts of various countries focus on the rapid diagnosis and isolation of patients, as well as to find a treatment that can combat the most serious impact of the disease. The number of reported COVID-19 virus infections is still increasing. Unfortunately, no drugs or vaccines have been approved for the treatment of human coronaviruses, but there is an urgent need for in-depth research on emerging human infectious coronaviruses. Clarification transmission routes and pathogenic mechanisms, and identification of potential drug treatment targets will promote the development of effective prevention and treatment measures. In the absence of confirmed effective treatments, due to public health emergencies, it is essential to study the possible effects of existing approved antivirals drugs or Chinese herbal medicines for SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, virus structure and targeting strategies of COVID-19. Meanwhile, this review also focus on the re-purposing of clinically approved drugs and Chinese herbal medicines that may be used to treat COVID-19 and provide new ideas for the discovery of small molecular compounds with potential therapeutic effects on novel COVID-19.

Drug repurposing against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A review.

Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been found to be the culprit in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), causing a global pandemic. Despite the existence of many vaccine programs, the number of confirmed cases and fatalities due to COVID-19 is still increasing. Furthermore, a number of variants have been reported. Because of the absence of approved anti-coronavirus drugs, the treatment and management of COVID-19 has become a global challenge. Under these circumstances, drug repurposing is an effective method to identify candidate drugs with a shorter cycle of clinical trials. Here, we summarize the current status of the application of drug repurposing in COVID-19, including drug repurposing based on virtual computer screening, network pharmacology, and bioactivity, which may be a beneficial COVID-19 treatment.

Development of small molecule inhibitors/agonists targeting STING for disease.

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) -stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway is the primary immune response pathway in the cytoplasm. Pharmacological regulation of the STING pathway has good characteristics in both structure and function, which plays a significant role in the immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and cancer. In this review, we summarized the activation of STING signaling pathway, the STING-related diseases, the development principle and the latest progress of inhibitors and agonists targeting STING. Our review demonstrates that STING signal pathway is a promising drug target, providing effective clues and correct guidance for the discovery of novel small molecule inhibitors/agonists that targeted STING for cancer, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases.