RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) require systemic anticoagulation. The use of enoxaparin for bridging to warfarin remains understudied in this population. METHODS: This single-center retrospective study was performed to characterize enoxaparin use and associated thrombotic and bleeding outcomes in adult outpatients with LVADs from January 2018 to July 2021. RESULTS: Fifty-four enoxaparin bridging events were evaluated in 49 patients. Most patients with HeartMate II (HM2) and HeartWare (HVAD) devices received enoxaparin dosed 1 mg/kg every 12 h. In patients with HeartMate 3 (HM3) devices, an equal number of patients received 0.5 mg/kg every 12 h and 1 mg/kg every 12 h, with a smaller subset receiving intermediate doses. The median duration of bridging was 6 days (4-8 [IQR]). One major bleeding event required discontinuation of enoxaparin and hospitalization in a patient with an HM3 device. Thrombotic events occurred in four patients with two incidents of pump thrombosis requiring pump exchange and two ischemic strokes. All thrombotic events occurred in patients with HVAD or HM2 devices. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that enoxaparin bridging in LVAD patients was well-tolerated with low bleeding and thrombotic rates, particularly with the HM3 device.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Coração Auxiliar , Trombose , Adulto , Humanos , Enoxaparina/efeitos adversos , Varfarina/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Coração Auxiliar/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/prevenção & controle , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Trombose/complicaçõesRESUMO
The fungicide tebuconazole (TEB) poses risks to human and animal health via various exposure routes. It induces toxicity in multiple organs and disrupts reproductive health by affecting steroid hormone synthesis and fetal development. In this study, we investigated the impact of TEB on fetal testes using in vitro models, focusing on germ, Sertoli, and Leydig cells, and explored the mechanisms underlying cellular damage. The results revealed significant damage to germ cells and disruption of Leydig cell development. TEB exposure led to a decrease in germ cell numbers, as indicated by histological and immunostaining analyses. TEB induced the up- and down-regulation of the expression of fetal and adult Leydig cell markers, respectively. Additionally, TEB-treated fetal testes exhibited increased expression of oxidative-stress-related genes and proteins. However, co-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine mitigated TEB-induced germ cell damage and prevented abnormal Leydig cell development. These findings suggest that administration of antioxidants can prevent the intratesticular damage typically caused by TEB exposure.
Assuntos
Células Intersticiais do Testículo , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Estresse Oxidativo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Testículo , Triazóis , Masculino , Animais , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Triazóis/farmacologia , Camundongos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos/métodos , Células de Sertoli/efeitos dos fármacos , Células de Sertoli/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Feto/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungicidas Industriais/toxicidade , Células Germinativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Germinativas/metabolismoRESUMO
Treating female canine mammary gland tumors is crucial owing to their propensity for rapid progression and metastasis, significantly impacting the overall health and well-being of dogs. Mitoquinone (MitoQ), an antioxidant, has shown promise in inhibiting the migration, invasion, and clonogenicity of human breast cancer cells. Thus, we investigated MitoQ's potential anticancer properties against canine mammary gland tumor cells, CMT-U27 and CF41.Mg. MitoQ markedly suppressed the proliferation and migration of both CMT-U27 and CF41.Mg cells and induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment with MitoQ led to increased levels of pro-apoptotic proteins, including cleaved-caspase3, BAX, and phospho-p53. Cell cycle analysis revealed that MitoQ hindered cell progression in the G1 and S phases in CMT-U27 and CF41.Mg cells. These findings were supported using western blot analysis, demonstrating elevated levels of cleaved caspase-3, a hallmark of apoptosis, and decreased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2 and cyclin D4, pivotal regulators of the cell cycle. In conclusion, MitoQ exhibits in vitro antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle in canine mammary gland tumors, suggesting its potential as a preventive or therapeutic agent against canine mammary cancer.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Apoptose , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais , Compostos Organofosforados , Ubiquinona , Animais , Cães , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/patologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/metabolismo , Feminino , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Ubiquinona/farmacologia , Compostos Organofosforados/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Decreased medial cheek fat volume during aging leads to loss of a youthful facial shape. Increasing facial volume by methods such as adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) injection can produce facial rejuvenation. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can increase adipogenesis in subcutaneous fat by modulating cilia on ASCs, which is accompanied by increased HSP70 and decreased NF-κB expression. Thus, we evaluated the effect of HIFU on increasing facial adipogenesis in swine (n = 2) via modulation of ASC cilia. Expression of CD166, an ASC marker, differed by subcutaneous adipose tissue location. CD166 expression in the zygomatic arch (ZA) was significantly higher than that in the subcutaneous adipose tissue in the mandible or lateral temporal areas. HIFU was applied only on the right side of the face, which was compared with the left side, where HIFU was not applied, as a control. HIFU produced a significant increase in HSP70 expression, decreased expression of NF-κB and a cilia disassembly factor (AURKA), and increased expression of a cilia increasing factor (ARL13B) and PPARG and CEBPA, which are the main regulators of adipogenesis. All of these changes were most prominent at the ZA. Facial adipose tissue thickness was also increased by HIFU. Adipose tissue volume, evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, was increased by HIFU, most prominently in the ZA. In conclusion, HIFU increased ASC marker expression, accompanied by increased HSP70 and decreased NF-κB expression. Additionally, changes in cilia disassembly and length and expression of adipogenesis were observed. These results suggest that HIFU could be used to increase facial volume by modulating adipogenesis.
Assuntos
Adipogenia , Animais , Suínos , Cílios/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/citologia , Face , Gordura Subcutânea/citologia , Gordura Subcutânea/metabolismo , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Adipócitos/citologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismoRESUMO
Melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland of vertebrates, regulates sleep, blood pressure, and circadian and seasonal rhythms, and acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. We investigated the protective effects of melatonin against markers of D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced hepatocellular aging, including liver inflammation, hepatocyte structural damage, and non-alcoholic fatty liver. Mice were divided into four groups: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, control), D-Gal (200 mg/kg/day), melatonin (20 mg/kg), and D-Gal (200 mg/kg) and melatonin (20 mg) cotreatment. The treatments were administered once daily for eight consecutive weeks. Melatonin treatment alleviated D-Gal-induced hepatocyte impairment. The AST level was significantly increased in the D-Gal-treated groups compared to that in the control group, while the ALT level was decreased compared to the melatonin and D-Gal cotreated group. Inflammatory genes, such as IL1-ß, NF-κB, IL-6, TNFα, and iNOS, were significantly increased in the D-Gal aging model, whereas the expression levels of these genes were low in the D-Gal and melatonin cotreated group. Interestingly, the expression levels of hepatic steatosis-related genes, such as LXRα, C/EBPα, PPARα, ACC, ACOX1, and CPT-1, were markedly decreased in the D-Gal and melatonin cotreated group. These results suggest that melatonin suppresses hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a mouse model of D-Gal-induced aging.
RESUMO
Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), a member of the cabbage family, is abundant with many nutrients, including vitamins, potassium, fiber, minerals, and phytochemicals. Consequently, it has been used as a functional food additive to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In the current study, the effects of sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract (BSE) on the inflammatory response were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Comparative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of sulforaphane content from different extracts revealed that 70% ethanolic BSE contained more sulforaphane than the other extracts. qPCR and enzyme immunoassay analyses revealed that BSE markedly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, including cyclooxygenase 2, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment with BSE improved the survival rate and suppressed alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase expression in LPS-induced endotoxemic mice, while proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and iNOS decreased dramatically in the LPS-induced liver injury model via BSE treatment. Additionally, F4/80 immunostaining showed that BSE suppressed hepatic macrophage infiltration in the liver after lipopolysaccharide injection. In conclusion, BSE may be a potential nutraceutical for preventing and regulating excessive immune responses in inflammatory disease.
RESUMO
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Critical care cardiology (CCC) is a rapidly developing field undergoing a renaissance of interest and growth to meet the well-documented population shift in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). With this has come the emergence of novel training paradigms that seek to combine specialties with meaningful overlap. RECENT FINDINGS: The benefit of having critical care expertise in the CICU has been clearly established; however, there is no formal or uniform CCC training pathway. Contemporary approaches seek to provide appropriate clinical and procedural experience while minimizing opportunity cost. The combination of additional cardiology subspecialties, specifically advanced heart failure or interventional cardiology, has been demonstrated. Educational tracks that integrate critical care training have generated interest but have not yet manifested. CCC training strives to meet the needs of an increasingly sick and diverse patient population while preparing trainees for fulfilling and meaningful careers. The hope is for ongoing development of novel training pathways to satisfy evolving needs.
Assuntos
Cardiologistas , Cardiologia , Humanos , Cardiologia/educação , Cuidados Críticos , Unidades de Terapia IntensivaRESUMO
Chemotherapy is used for childhood cancer but may lead to infertility in patients. Spermatogonia stem cells are present in the testes of prepubertal boys, although they do not produce sperm at this age. Herein, we evaluated the toxicity of cisplatin, a known medicine for cancer treatment, in neonatal mouse testes using in vitro organ culture. Mouse testicular fragments (MTFs) derived from 5.5-d postpartum mouse testes were exposed to 1-10 µg/mL cisplatin. The results showed that cisplatin significantly downregulated the expression of germ cell marker genes, including differentiated and undifferentiated, in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, a high dose of cisplatin (10 µg/mL) led to germ cell depletion. In addition, the expression levels of the Sertoli cell marker gene, the number of SOX9+ Sertoli cells, and the levels of SOX9 protein were markedly decreased in cisplatin-treated MTFs compared to controls. The mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzyme-related genes significantly increased in cisplatin-treated MTFs, except for estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1). Consistently, 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase protein was also observed in the interstitial regions of cisplatin-treated MTFs. Altogether, our findings showed a significant impairment in germ cell development, Sertoli cell survival, and steroidogenesis in the MTFs of cisplatin-treated mice.
Assuntos
Cisplatino , Testículo , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Animais , Testículo/metabolismo , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Cisplatino/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Sêmen , Células de Sertoli/metabolismo , Apoptose , Espermatogênese/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the incidence of breast milk-acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in preterm infants born to CMV-seropositive mothers. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the terms: ("breast feeding" or "breast milk" or "human milk" or "breast") and ("HCMV" or "cytomegalovirus") and ("infant, extremely premature" or "premature birth" or "newborn" or "neonate" or "low birth weight" or "very low birth weight" or "premature" or "preterm infant"). Studies that had information on CMV status and breast feeding were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 2,502 newborns from 19 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The rate of postnatally acquired CMV infection among breastfed infants with CMV-seropositive mothers was 16.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.26; P < 0.001). The infection rate was 26% with fresh breast milk, 8% with a combined diet of fresh and freeze-thawed breast milk, and 11% with freeze-thawed breast milk. Among cases where the CMV status of breast milk was determined, CMV shedding into breast milk occurred in 80.5% (95% CI, 0.71-0.87; P < 0.001) of CMV seropositive mothers. The breast milk-acquired CMV infection rate among infants fed CMV-positive breast milk was 20.7% (95% CI, 0.14-0.30; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis examined the rate of breast milk-acquired CMV infections in preterm infants with CMV-seropositive mothers; the CMV infection rate was higher in preterm infants fed fresh breast milk. Until further data are available, we cautiously suggest the use of freeze-thawed breast milk, rather than fresh breast milk, for preterm infants or very low birth weight infants.
Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno , Citomegalovirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Congelamento , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Leite Humano/química , Leite Humano/virologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify oncology nurses' level of knowledge and awareness of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in cancer survivors and the perceived barriers to the provision of MetS-related care. METHODS: In this mixed-method study, 196 participants responded to a structured modified questionnaire that included items pertaining to MetS-related knowledge and awareness. Concurrently, 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted. A qualitative survey and quantitative interview were conducted between October 2018 and December 2018. RESULTS: While oncology nurses had a high level of knowledge of MetS in terms of its individual components, they failed to accurately differentiate MetS cases from non-MetS ones. Further, they showed a high level of awareness of MetS-related care for cancer survivors but did not apply their knowledge in clinical settings. In the qualitative survey, the nurses cited various factors pertaining to their perceived barriers to the provision of MetS-related care, including the fact that cancer survivors are distinguished by the specificity of the subject and inpatient environmental constraints. CONCLUSIONS: Oncology nurses had a high level of knowledge of MetS but failed to accurately identify MetS cases. Thus, their level of knowledge should be improved, and strategies are needed to overcome the perceived barriers to the provision of MetS-related care.
Assuntos
Sobreviventes de Câncer , Competência Clínica , Síndrome Metabólica/enfermagem , Neoplasias/enfermagem , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Enfermagem Oncológica , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Pesquisa Qualitativa , República da Coreia , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine-disruptor chemical that negatively affects reproductive health. Testes exposure to NP results in testicular structure disruption and a reduction in testicular size and testosterone levels. However, the effects of NP on spermatogonia in testes have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of NP in GC-1 spermatogonia (spg) cells were investigated. We found that cell viability significantly decreased and apoptosis increased in a dose-dependent manner when GC-1 spg cells were exposed to NP. Furthermore, the expression levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins increased, whereas anti-apoptosis markers decreased in NP-exposed GC-1 spg cells. We also found that NP increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, suggesting that ROS-induced activation of the MAPK signaling pathway is the molecular mechanism of NP-induced apoptosis in GC-1 spg cells. Thus, NP could induce c-Jun phosphorylation; dose-dependent expression of JNK, MKK4, p53, and p38; and the subsequent inhibition of ERK1/2 and MEK1/2 phosphorylation. The genes involved in apoptosis and JNK signaling were also upregulated in GC-1 spg cells treated with NP compared to those in the controls. Our findings suggest that NP induces apoptosis through ROS/JNK signaling in GC-1 spg cells.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Espermatogônias/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatogônias/metabolismo , Apoptose/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/genética , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pancreatic differentiation potential of α-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GalTKO) pig-derived bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) using epigenetic modifiers with different pancreatic induction media. METHODS: The BM-MSCs have been differentiated into pancreatic ß-like cells by inducing the overexpression of key transcription regulatory factors or by exposure to specific soluble inducers/small molecules. In this study, we evaluated the pancreatic differentiation of GalTKO pig-derived BM-MSCs using epigenetic modifiers, 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) and valproic acid (VPA), and two types of pancreatic induction media - advanced Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (ADMEM)-based and N2B27-based media. GalTKO BM-MSCs were treated with pancreatic induction media and the expression of pancreas-islets-specific markers was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Morphological changes and changes in the 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' (CpG) island methylation patterns were also evaluated. RESULTS: The expression of the pluripotent marker (POU class 5 homeobox 1 [OCT4]) was upregulated upon exposure to 5-Aza and/or VPA. GalTKO BM-MSCs showed increased expression of neurogenic differentiation 1 in the ADMEM-based (5-Aza) media, while the expression of NK6 homeobox 1 was elevated in cells induced with the N2B27-based (5-Aza) media. Moreover, the morphological transition and formation of islets-like cellular clusters were also prominent in the cells induced with the N2B27-based media with 5-Aza. The higher insulin expression revealed the augmented trans-differentiation ability of GalTKO BM-MSCs into pancreatic ß-like cells in the N2B27-based media than in the ADMEM-based media. CONCLUSION: 5-Aza treated GalTKO BM-MSCs showed an enhanced demethylation pattern in the second CpG island of the OCT4 promoter region compared to that in the GalTKO BM-MSCs. The exposure of GalTKO pig-derived BM-MSCs to the N2B27-based microenvironment can significantly enhance their trans-differentiation ability into pancreatic ß-like cells.
RESUMO
Clinical trials have demonstrated improved outcomes with cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and electrical evidence of dyssynchrony. There has been intense effort at developing imaging markers of dyssynchrony with the aim of improved risk stratification. However, these efforts have not been fruitful to date. This article discusses mechanisms of cardiac dyssynchrony, reviews clinical data supporting resynchronization therapy, and addresses the lack of convincing evidence to support the use of noninvasive imaging measures of dyssynchrony in improving patient management.
Assuntos
Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca , Imagem de Perfusão do Miocárdio , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/terapia , Angiografia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Ecocardiografia , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Prognóstico , Cintilografia , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Função Ventricular EsquerdaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We investigated the association between pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a novel inflammatory marker, and bone mineral density (BMD) in the general Korean population. METHODS: We selected a sub-cohort of 1,440 subjects (757 men and 683 women) from participants in the community-based Dong-gu Study. The mean age was 66.0 ± 8.1 years for men and 63.7 ± 7.9 years for women. The plasma PTX3 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and BMD was measured in the femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between the plasma PTX3 levels and BMD. RESULTS: PTX3 was inversely associated with the BMD of the lumbar spine (P = 0.010) and femoral neck (P < 0.001) in men but not in women. For men, the association with the BMD of the femoral neck remained after adjustment for multiple comparison (P = 0.020). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that PTX3 levels might be inversely associated with BMD in elderly men.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Osteoporose/patologia , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/análise , Absorciometria de Fóton , Idoso , Povo Asiático , Biomarcadores/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Colo do Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , República da CoreiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Febrile seizures are the most common form of childhood seizures. Fever generation involves many cytokines, including both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Some of these cytokines also induce febrile seizures. We compared cytokine production in children with a fever alone (healthy control group) and febrile seizure children group. Also, we evaluated the cytokine level of children with a fever alone and febrile seizure history. METHODS: Fifty febrile seizure patients and 39 normal control patients who visited the emergency department of Konkuk University Hospital from December 2015 to December 2016 were included in this study. Blood was taken from the peripheral vessels of children in all groups within 1 h of the seizure, and serum was obtained immediately. Serum samples from patients with only a fever and a febrile seizure history (N = 13) and afebrile seizure controls (N = 12) were also analyzed. RESULTS: The serum IL-10 and IL-1Ra levels were significantly higher in the febrile seizure patients than in the fever-only control, fever only with a febrile seizure history, and afebrile seizure groups (p < 0.05). The serum IFN-γ and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the febrile seizure patients than in the afebrile seizure group (p < 0.05). The serum IL-8 levels were higher in the febrile seizure patients than in the fever only controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The serum levels of the IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines and the serum levels of the IL-10 and IL-1Ra anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in the febrile seizure children. Furthermore, the serum level of IL-1Ra was more increased in the febrile seizure group than in the same patients with only a fever. Our data suggest that increased serum IL-10 and IL-1Ra may play potential roles as anti-inflammatory cytokines in a compensation mechanism that shortens the seizure duration or prevents a febrile seizure attack. Therefore, anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 and IL-1Ra, have potential as therapeutic targets for the prevention of seizures and nervous system development of children.
Assuntos
Citocinas/sangue , Convulsões Febris/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1/sangue , Interleucina-10/sangue , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that several of the authors' names were formatted incorrectly in the original version of the article. The corrections are listed below -"Byungok Kwak" should be "Byung Ok Kwak""Soojin Kim" should be "Soo-Jin Kim""Sunwhan Bae" should be "Sun Whan Bae""Jaesung Son" should be "Jae Sung Son""Soonyung Kim" should be "Soo-Nyung Kim"The original version of the article has now been revised.
RESUMO
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent but incompletely understood syndrome. Traditional models of HFpEF pathophysiology revolve around systemic HTN and other causes of increased left ventricular afterload leading to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction. However, emerging models attribute the development of HFpEF to systemic proinflammatory changes secondary to common comorbidities which include HTN. Alterations in passive ventricular stiffness, ventricular-arterial coupling, peripheral microvascular function, systolic reserve, and chronotropic response occur. As a result, HFpEF is heterogeneous in nature, making it difficult to prescribe uniform therapies to all patients. Nonetheless, treating systemic HTN remains a cornerstone of HFpEF management. Antihypertensive therapies have been linked to LVH regression and improvement in diastolic dysfunction. However, to date, no therapies have definitive mortality benefit in HFpEF. Non-pharmacologic management for HTN, including dietary modification, exercise, and treating sleep disordered breathing, may provide some morbidity benefit in the HFpEF population. Future research is need to identify effective treatments, perhaps in more specific subgroups, and focus may need to shift from reducing mortality to improving exercise capacity and symptoms. Tailoring antihypertensive therapies to specific phenotypes of HFpEF may be an important component of this strategy.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common and most serious complication following heart surgery. We aimed to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, AKI following pediatric cardiac surgery.MethodsâandâResults:We retrospectively analyzed 135 patients aged ≤18 years who underwent cardiac surgery for congenital heart defects; by RACHS-1 category, 58 patients (43%) had an operative risk score ≥3. AKI was defined and classified using the pediatric pRIFLE criteria (Pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage Kidney Disease); 19 patients (14.1%) developed AKI: 17 had AKI with a severity classified as risk (R) and 2 had AKI classified as injury (I). Body weight, height, body surface area, and preoperative mechanical ventilation were all independently associated with AKI development (P=0.038, 0.040, 0.033 and 0.008, respectively). Preoperative ventilation strongly correlated with AKI severity. Higher pRIFLE classification positively correlated with increased incidence of peritoneal dialysis, increased postoperative mechanical ventilation duration, and longer hospital stay (P=0.009, 0.039 and 0.042, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found a low prevalence of postoperative AKI in pediatric patients undergoing severe cardiac surgery. AKI was associated with worse early postoperative outcomes. Early prediction and appropriate treatment of AKI during the postoperative period are emphasized.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos , Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Adolescente , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Glucose is an essential fuel in the energy metabolism and synthesis pathways of all mammalian cells. In lactating animals, glucose is the major precursor for lactose and is a substrate for the synthesis of milk proteins and fat in mammary secretory (alveolar) epithelial cells. However, clear utilization of glucose in mammary cells during lactogenesis is still unknown, due to the lack of in vitro analyzing models. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the reliability of the mammary alveolar (MAC-T) cell as an in vitro study model for glucose metabolism and lactating system. METHODS: Undifferentiated MAC-T cells were cultured in three types of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with varying levels of glucose (no-glucose: 0 g/L, low-glucose: 1 g/L, and high-glucose: 4.5 g/L) for 8 d, after which differentiation to casein secretion was induced. Cell proliferation and expression levels of apoptotic genes, Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF1) receptor, oxytocin receptor, αS1, αS2, and ß casein genes were analyzed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 d after differentiation. RESULTS: The proliferation of MAC-T cells with high-glucose treatment was seen to be significantly higher. Expression of apoptotic genes was not affected in any group. However, expression levels of the mammary development related gene (IGF1 receptor) and lactation related gene (oxytocin receptor) were significantly higher in the low-glucose group. Expressions of αS1-casein, αS2-casein, and ß-casein were also higher in the low-glucose treated group as compared to that in the no-glucose and high-glucose groups. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that although a high-glucose environment increases cell proliferation in MAC-T cells, a low-glucose treatment to MAC-T cells induces higher expression of casein genes. Our results suggest that the MAC-T cells may be used as an in vitro model to analyze mammary cell development and lactation connected with precise biological effects.
RESUMO
Biochanin A (BCA) is a natural organic compound of the phytoestrogenic isoflavone class that has antioxidant and metal chelator properties in the presence of transition metal ions, however, its efficacy in animal models is still obscure. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of BCA against arsenic-induced hepatic injury and hematotoxicity in rats. The results suggest that arsenic intoxicated rats showed significantly higher levels of plasma hepatic markers than normal control rats. Furthermore, an increase in lipid peroxidation with depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) occurred in the livers of rats exposed to arsenic. Administration of BCA (20 mg/kg·bw/day) and selenium (3 mg/kg·bw/day) resulted in a significant reversal of hepatic and oxidative stress markers in arsenic-intoxicated rats. A low dose of BCA (10 mg/kg·bw/day) did not show any preventive effect, while a high dose of BCA (40 mg/kg·bw/day) partially prevented all hepatotoxicity events. These biochemical perturbations were supported by histopathological observations of the liver. Our results suggest that administration of BCA (20 mg/kg·bw/day) attenuated the arsenic hepatotoxicity, a property that could contribute to the therapeutic approaches for chronic liver diseases.