Comparative study of the osteoblastic activity of two implant systems (Endopore versus Entegra) utilizing single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT): experimental study in pigs model.

Implantology has been an important component of dental management for over forty years, and during that period, many configurations of implant materials and methods have been developed. As empirical and clinical research yield new implant materials, there has been need to test and compare these materials to provide the most cost-effective and efficient implants. Evaluation of efficiency of implants has relied heavily on histological and radiological methods, but these one-dimensional measurement methods fail to evaluate the osteoblastic activity and osseointegration properties of putative implants. In this report, we describe the use of a quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as a tool for comparing the osseointegrating capabilities of two types of implants.

Comparative study of osteoblastic activity of same implants (Endopore) in the immediate extraction site utilizing single photon emission computerized tomography: peri-implant autogeneous bone grafting with GTR versus no peri-implant bone grafting--experimental study in pig model.

The study was designed to exploit the single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) to compare osteoblastic activity of two implant systems: an Endopore implant (Beaded implants) placed immediately into an extraction socket in conjunction with peri-implant autogenous grafting supplemented with a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) technique, and an Endopore implant placed immediately into the extraction socket without peri-implant grafting and GTR. Endopore implants of the same size (12 mm x 4.1 mm INT-Hex) were placed in fresh extraction sockets in the canine-tooth region of the pigs jaw. The implant on the right side had peri-implant bone grafting utilizing autogenous bone together with cytoplast resorbable GTR membrane, whilst the implant on the left side received no peri-implant bone grafting. Osteoblastic activity was evaluated 81 days (11 weeks and 4 days) post implantation using the SPECT imaging technique. The SPECT imaging revealed more osteoblastic activity on the side with peri-implant bone grafting as compared with the site without peri-implant bone grafting. The result suggests that peri-implant bone grafting with GTR around the immediate implant showed more osteoblastic activity and thus enhanced osseointegration when compared with the implant without bone grafting and GTR. Bone grafting and GTR should be encouraged as a standard procedure with dental implants.

[Organization of intensive care in situation of avian flu pandemic]. / Organisation de la réanimation en situation de pandémie de grippe aviaire.

The influenza pandemic will create a major increase in demand for hospital admissions, particularly for critical care services. The recommendations detailed herein have been elaborated by experts from medical societies potentially involved in this situation and focus on general hospital organization. Intensive care units will initially face high demand for admission; the Healthcare Authorities must therefore study how ICU capacity can be expanded. Pediatric intensive care units will be particularly affected by this situation of relative bed shortage, since young children, particularly infants, are expected to be affected by severe clinical forms of avian flu. Therefore, the weight threshold for admission to the adult ICU was lowered to 20 kg. Neonatal intensive care units (NICU) should remain, if possible, low viral density areas. Mixed (neonatal and pediatric) intensive care units could be dedicated to infants and children only. NICU admission of extreme premature babies should be limited in this difficult situation. Pediatric intensive care units (PICU) admission capacity could be doubled by using intermediate care and postoperative care units. The staff could be increased by doctors and nurses involved in canceled programmed activities. Healthcare workers transferred to PICU should be given special training.

Single photon emission computerized tomography in the evaluation of the osteoblastic activities of a new bone regeneration technique: analysis of 12 mandibular sites in six experimental pigs.

OBJECTIVES: To utilize single photon emission computerized tomography performed in sequence to determine the osseo-integrating capabilities and osteoblastic activities of a new bone regeneration technique called the membrane--sandwich technique (Ogunsalu sandwich bone regenerating technique) and to compare the quality and quantity of bone formed by this bone regeneration unit to bone regeneration obtained by using the same particulate bone grafting material covered with interceed (another type of bio-resorbable membrane). DESIGN AND METHOD: Single photon emission computerized tomography bone imaging was performed in sequence on the mandible of a total of 6 pigs on both the right and left side (total of 12 sites) at two and a half hours following the injection of technetium 99m methylene diphosphate. Imaging was performed using a Siemen Orbitar II gamma camera. The projection data was acquired in a 128 x 128 matrix over 180 arc and SPECT reconstruction was performed using a filtered back projector method with a Shepp-Logan Hanning filter and a cut-off frequency of 0.4. The surgical defect on one side of the jaw was treated with the sandwich unit with Bio-oss particulate bone within it, while the other side contained the same quantity of Bio-oss as in the left side but just covered with interceed membrane. The osteoblastic uptake on the side with the classical sandwich was compared to the side with the particulate bone covered with interceed membrane for dynamic physiological activities. The average activity for both sides was calculated and compared. RESULT: For all the 12 sites, osteoblastic activities were recorded and indicated that vascularized bone was formed at all the experimental sites. Autogenous bone graft was confirmed to be superior to xenograft using this sandwich technique. Furthermore, the osteoblastic activities on the sandwich side were seen to be more when compared with the control side (Interceed side). CONCLUSION: The Ogunsalu sandwich bone regeneration technique has been successfully evaluated with SPECT which shows osteoblastic activity with formation of vascularized bone which integrates with the surrounding bone.

Single photon emission computerized tomography and histological evaluation in the validation of a new technique for closure of oro-antral communication: an experimental study in pigs.

Various bone regeneration techniques have evolved recently but controversies regarding vascularization and integration of such bone grafting techniques have led occasionally to animal experiment to validate such techniques. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evidence of vascularization and osseo-integration of a new bone regeneration technique utilized for the closure of oro-antral communication (OAC) by an experimental model in which Single Photon Emission computerized Tomography and histological studies were conducted in pigs. We conclude that the sandwich technique used for the closure of OAC results in a vascularized new bone formation which eventually osseo-integrate with the surrounding bone. Also, this experimental study confirmed that autogeneous bone graft was superior to xenografts when used within the sandwich unit.

Seroprevalence of five arboviruses in Zebu cattle in the Central African Republic.

Sequential blood samples taken from 237 adult and 147 young Zebu cattle in the Central African Republic (CAR) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of antibodies to Rift Valley Fever (RVF), Dugbe (DUG), Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Chikungunya (CHIK) and Wesselsbron (WSL) viruses. Antibodies to DUG and CCHF viruses were detected in 70% and 61% respectively, of the sera from adult cattle, probably due to common antigens. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that CCHF virus was isolated only 3 times from ticks, whereas DUG virus was isolated from almost all ticks. Ticks of the genus Hyalorama, the most important vectors of CCHF, are rare on Zebus in CAR. CCHF virus has a limited role in local human pathology, probably because its distribution is limited by the scarcity of its main vector and the immunological barrier resulting from the presence of antibodies to DUG virus. Antibodies to RVF virus were found in about 8% of adult cattle. Zebus do not play an important role in the spread of CHIK and WSL viruses among humans; these viruses were found in only one and 5, respectively, of the 183 cattle examined.

Provision of anaesthesia for porcine cardiac transplantation at the veterinary school in Trinidad and Tobago.

A successful heterotopic cardiac transplantation was performed between sibling female Yorkshire Juvenile swine. Adequate pre-medication with azaperone and a smooth induction were ensured for both pigs, which were anaesthetized simultaneously with sodium thiopentone followed by endotracheal intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Inhalation anaesthetic agents were used for maintenance, neuromuscular blockade was achieved with cisatracurium and both fentanyl and tramadol were used to provide analgesia. Invasive monitoring was used in both the donor and recipient. Central venous pressure (CVP) was maintained at > 10 cm H2O and mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 60 mmHg. Heparin was injected during the surgical dissection of the heart in the donor to prevent coronary thrombosis and prior to aortic side clamping for end-to-side anastomosis of the donor heart in the recipient abdomen. After transplantation, the cardiovascular parameters of the recipient showed a MAP of 85-105 mmHg and a CVP of 8-10 cm H2O while echocardiography of the transplanted heart confirmed an ejection fraction (EF) of 80%. A functional anaesthetic team was assembled and trained to provide anaesthesia for porcine cardiac transplantation. The transplanted heart suffered pump failure after 69 days and was excised for performance of tissue analysis.

Comparative study of the osteoblastic activity of two implant systems (Endopore versus Entegra) utilizing single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT): experimental study in pigs model / Estudio comparativo de la actividad osteoblástica de dos sistemas de implantes (Endopore versus Entegra) utilizando tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotones individuales: estudio experimental en modelos porcinos

Implantology has been an important component of dental management for over forty years, and during that period, many configurations of implant materials and methods have been developed. As empirical and clinical research yield new implant materials, there has been need to test and compare these materials to provide the most cost-effective and efficient implants. Evaluation of efficiency of implants has relied heavily on histological and radiological methods, but these one-dimensional measurement methods fail to evaluate the osteoblastic activity and osseointegration properties of putative implants. In this report, we describe the use of a quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as a tool for comparing the osseointegrating capabilities of two types of implants.

La implantología ha sido un componente importante del tratamiento odontológico durante más de cuarenta años, y durante ese período, se han desarrollado muchas configuraciones de materiales y métodos de implante. A medida que la investigación empírica y clínica proporciona nuevos materiales de implante, ha surgido la necesidad de probar y comparar estos materiales para lograr que los implantes sean lo más costo-efectivos y eficientes posible. La evaluación de la eficiencia de los implantes ha dependido considerablemente de los métodos histológicos y radiológicos, pero estos métodos de medición unidimensional no son útiles a la hora de evaluar la actividad osteoblástica y las propiedades osteointegradoras de los implantes putativos. En este reporte, describimos el uso de la tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotones individuales (SPECT) como herramienta para comparar las capacidades osteointegradoras de dos tipos de implantes.

[Bacterial meningitis with initially clear CSF]. / Méningites bactériennes à LCR clair initial.

16 bacterial meningitis on 150 observations of purulent meningitis have clear or normal CSM at the initial lumbar puncture. Neisseria meningitidis is the principal germ and there is often purpura and moderate shock. Bacteremia is present in three of the six observations with normal CSF. CSF in controlled a second time 9 to 48 h after the first control. In 14 cases CSF is purulent. Treatment is delayed in eight cases.

Single photon emission computerized tomography in the evaluation of the osteoblastic activities of a new bone regeneration technique: analysis of 12 mandibular sites in six experimental pigs / La tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón único en la evaluación de las actividades osteoblásticas de una nueva técnica de regeneración ósea: análisis de 12 sitios mandibulares en seis cerdos experimentales

OBJECTIVES: To utilize single photon emission computerized tomography performed in sequence to determine the osseo-integrating capabilities and osteoblastic activities of a new bone regeneration technique called the membrane - sandwich technique (Ogunsalu sandwich bone regenerating technique) and to compare the quality and quantity of bone formed by this bone regeneration unit to bone regeneration obtained by using the same particulate bone grafting material covered with interceed® (another type of bio-resorbable membrane). DESIGN AND METHOD: Single photon emission computerized tomography bone imaging was performed in sequence on the mandible of a total of 6 pigs on both the right and left side (total of 12 sites) at two and a half hours following the injection of technetium 99m methylene diphosphate. Imaging was performed using a Siemen Orbitar II gamma camera. The projection data was acquired in a 128 x 128 matrix over 180 arc and SPECT reconstruction was performed using a filtered back projector method with a Shepp-Logan Hanning filter and a cut-off frequency of 0.4. The surgical defect on one side of the jaw was treated with the sandwich unit with Bio-oss particulate bone within it, while the other side contained the same quantity of Bio-oss as in the left side but just covered with interceed® membrane. The osteoblastic uptake on the side with the classical sandwich was compared to the side with the particulate bone covered with interceed® membrane for dynamic physiological activities. The average activity for both sides was calculated and compared. RESULT: For all the 12 sites, osteoblastic activities were recorded and indicated that vascularized bone was formed at all the experimental sites. Autogenous bone graft was confirmed to be superior to xenograft using this sandwich technique. Furthermore, the osteoblastic activities on the sandwich side were seen to be more when compared with the control side (Interceed® side). CONCLUSION: The Ogunsalu sandwich bone regeneration technique has been successfully evaluated with SPECT which shows osteoblastic activity with formation of vascularized bone which integrates with the surrounding bone.

OBJETIVOS: Utilizar la tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón único (TCEFU) realizada en secuencia, a fin de determinar la capacidad óseo-integradora y las actividades osteoblásticas de una nueva técnica de regeneración del hueso, denominada técnica de membrana-sándwich, y comparar la calidad y cantidad de hueso formado por esta unidad de regeneración ósea con la regeneración ósea obtenida mediante el mismo material de injerto de hueso particulado cubierto con interceed® (otro tipo de membrana bioreabsorbible). DISEÑO Y MÉTODO: Mediante TCEFU, se realizó un estudio de imágenes óseas en secuencia, de la mandíbula de un total de 6 cerdos, a los lados izquierdo y derecho (un total de 12 sitios) a las dos horas y media, luego de una inyección de difosfato de metileno marcado con tecnecio 99 m. El examen de imágenes fue realizado usando una cámara gamma Siemens Orbiter tipo II. Los datos de la proyección fueron adquiridos en una matriz de 128 x 128 sobre un arco de 180 y la reconstrucción con TCEFU se realizó usando un método de retroproyección filtrada, con un filtro Shepp-Logan-Hanning y una frecuencia de corte de 0.4. El defecto quirúrgico en un lado de la mandíbula fue tratado con la unidad de sándwich con hueso particulado bio-oss dentro, mientras que el otro lado contenía la misma cantidad de Bio-oss del lado izquierdo, pero cubierto con una membrana de interceed®. La respuesta osteoblástica en el lado con el sándwich clásico fue comparada con el lado del hueso particulado cubierto con la membrana de interceed® en cuanto a actividades fisiológicas dinámicas. La actividad promedio de ambos lados fue calculada y comparada. RESULTADO: En los 12 sitios, las actividades osteoblásticas fueron registradas de forma indicando que se formó hueso vascularizado en todos los sitios experimentales. Se confirmó que el injerto óseo autógeno es superior al xenoinjerto que usa esta técnica de sándwich. Además, se observó que las actividades osteoblásticas en el lado del sándwich eran más en comparación con el lado control (lado del interceed®). CONCLUSIÓN: La técnica de Ogunsalu para la regeneración ósea por "sándwich" o membrana inter-posicional, ha sido exitosamente evaluada mediante TCEFU, concluyéndose que la misma consiste en la actividad osteoblástica con formación de hueso vascularizado que se integra al hueso circundante.

Single photon emission computerized tomography and histological evaluation in the validation of a new technique for closure of oro-antral communication: an experimental study in pigs / Tomografía computarizada mediante emisión de fotones simples y evaluación histológica en la validación de una nueva técnica para el cierre de la comunicación oroantral: un estudio experimental en cerdos

Various bone regeneration techniques have evolved recently but controversies regarding vascularization and integration of such bone grafting techniques have led occasionally to animal experiment to validate such techniques. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evidence of vascularization and osseo-integration of a new bone regeneration technique utilized for the closure of oro-antral communication (OAC) by an experimental model in which Single Photon Emission computerized Tomography and histological studies were conducted in pigs. We conclude that the sandwich technique used for the closure of OAC results in a vascularized new bone formation which eventually osseo-integrate with the surrounding bone. Also, this experimental study confirmed that autogeneous bone graft was superior to xenografts when used within the sandwich unit.

Varias técnicas de regeneración de huesos han sido desarrolladas recientemente, pero las controversias con respecto a la vascularización e integración de tales técnicas de injerto de hueso han llevado de vez en cuando a la experimentación con animales, a fin de validar estas técnicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la evidencia de vascularización e integración ósea de una nueva técnica de regeneración de hueso utilizada para el cierre de la comunicación oro-antral (COA), mediante un modelo experimental en el que se practicó la tomografía computarizada mediante emisión de fotones simples y se realizaron estudios histológicos en cerdos. Concluimos que la técnica de sándwich usada para el cierre de COA da lugar a una formación ósea vascularizada que acaba produciendo una oseointegración con el hueso circundante. Asimismo, este estudio experimental confirmó que el injerto óseo antólogo es superior a los xenoinjertos cuando se usa dentro de la unidad de sándwich.

Provision of anaesthesia for porcine cardiac transplantation at the veterinary school in Trinidad and Tobago

A successful heterotopic cardiac transplantation was performed between sibling female Yorkshire Juvenile swine. Adequate pre-medication with azaperone and a smooth induction were ensured for both pigs, which were anaesthetized simultaneously with sodium thiopentone followed by endotracheal intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Inhalation anaesthetic agents were used for maintenance, neuromuscular blockade was achieved with cisatracurium and both fentanyl and tramadol were used to provide analgesia. Invasive monitoring was used in both the donor and recipient. Central venous pressure (CVP) was maintained at > 10 cm H2O and mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 60 mmHg. Heparin was injected during the surgical dissection of the heart in the donor to prevent coronary thrombosis and prior to aortic side clamping for end-to-side anastomosis of the donor heart in the recipient abdomen. After transplantation, the cardiovascular parameters of the recipient showed a MAP of 85-105 mmHg and a CVP of 8-10 cm H2O while echocardiography of the transplanted heart confirmed an ejection fraction (EF) of 80. A functional anaesthetic team was assembled and trained to provide anaesthesia for porcine cardiac transplantation. The transplanted heart suffered pump failure after 69 days and was excised for performance of tissue analysis