RESUMO
Five, 1-week-old, colostrum-deprived lambs were inoculated transtracheally with a parainfluenza type-3 (PI-3) virus that had been isolated from a pneumonic lamb lung. A biphasic febrile response, cough, rapid breathing followed by forced expirations, listlessness, and anorexia were observed in the lambs. There were multifocal areas of consolidation in the lungs of all lambs and ulcerations in the nasal mucosa of three lambs. Serum antibody titers to PI-3 virus ranged from 2 to 16 in lambs necropsied Day 3 to Day 7 post-inoculation, respectively. Virus was isolated from nasal secretions, tracheal fluids, and lung tissues of all lambs.
Assuntos
Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Animais , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Humana/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/microbiologia , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/patologia , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologiaRESUMO
Ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) is a multi-systemic disease of sheep caused by a nononcogenic exogenous retrovirus belonging to the Lentiviridae subfamily. Characteristics of the disease are chronic lymphocytic pneumonitis, encephalitis, arthritis, mastitis and vasculitis associated with progressive wasting, dyspnea, lameness, indurated udder and, rarely, paralysis. Any one or all of the characteristics may be manifest. Transmission of the virus is predominantly through the colostrum to newborn lambs, however, transmission can occur by contact and in utero. Treatment of the disease is only symptomatic and prevention of infection is only by avoiding the virus.
Assuntos
Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Retroviridae , Animais , Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/patologia , Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/transmissão , OvinosRESUMO
In this retrospective study of breed differences in susceptibility to disease caused by ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) virus, 29 Border Leicester sheep were compared with 46 Columbia sheep. As judged by frequency and severity of clinical signs and lesions attributable to the infection, Border Leicester sheep were markedly more susceptible than Columbia sheep and experimentally infected sheep were slightly more susceptible than naturally infected sheep. Differences in susceptibility to infection by the virus were not determined.
Assuntos
Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/etiologia , Animais , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Estudos Retrospectivos , OvinosRESUMO
Cell culture medium was harvested from cells infected with ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) virus and used to prepare killed virus vaccines. Virus was inactivated by either heat, formalin, or ethyleneimine and used either without adjuvant, with Freund incomplete adjuvant, or with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant to vaccinate sheep. The sheep produced precipitating antibody against the virus but were not protected against infection when challenged with live OPP virus.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/biossíntese , Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Vírus Visna-Maedi/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Animais , Meios de Cultura , Feminino , Masculino , Pneumonia Intersticial Progressiva dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Ovinos , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologiaRESUMO
The ovine lentivirus (OLV) envelope protein NH2- and COOH-terminal subunits gp70 and the NH2-terminal subunit gp40 were expressed in Escherichia coli cell. The entire gp70 envelope protein was also expressed in insect cells by the recombinant baculovirus. Guinea pigs were immunized with each bacterially expressed recombinant protein, and a serum neutralization assay was used to determine their capacity to neutralize OLV. These results showed that the major neutralization epitopes are located in the NH2-terminal half of the gp70. The baculovirus expressed gp70 was found on the surface of insect cells and was immunobiologically active. Virus neutralization activity was also produced in sheep immunized with the baculovirus expressed recombinant protein.
Assuntos
Baculoviridae/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genética , Vírus Visna-Maedi/genética , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem Celular , Primers do DNA/química , Epitopos/imunologia , Imunofluorescência/veterinária , Cobaias , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mariposas , Testes de Neutralização/veterinária , Plasmídeos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Proteínas Recombinantes , Ovinos , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/imunologia , Visna/imunologia , Vírus Visna-Maedi/imunologiaRESUMO
A virus (T94-0353) isolated from the small intestine of a 3-week-old kid with diarrhea and serous ocular and nasal discharge was identified as an adenovirus based on morphologic and physicochemical characteristics. Neutralization tests and restriction endonuclease analysis comparing the caprine adenovirus with the prototype bovine and ovine adenovirus serotypes and a previously isolated caprine adenovirus showed that the caprine isolate was antigenically distinct, produced a unique restriction pattern compared with currently recognized bovine, caprine, and ovine adenoviruses, and represents a new adenovirus type. The role and significance of naturally acquired adenovirus infection in respiratory and enteric disease in goats has not been established. Isolation of adenovirus from goats with disease coupled with seroepidemiologic and pathogenicity studies will help define the role of the adenoviruses in disease production.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Cabras/virologia , Adenoviridae/patogenicidade , Infecções por Adenoviridae/patologia , Animais , Diarreia/veterinária , Diarreia/virologia , Doenças das Cabras/patologia , Cabras , Mucosa Nasal/virologia , Testes de Neutralização , Mapeamento por Restrição , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Sporadic sudden deaths in adult white-tailed deer occurred from November 1997 through August 1998 on an Iowa game farm. Three of the 4 deer necropsied had severe pulmonary edema, widespread mild lymphocytic vasculitis, and amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in scattered endothelial cells in blood vessels in the lung and abdominal viscera. Immunohistochemistry with bovine adenovirus 5 antisera and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated adenoviral antigen and nucleocapsids, respectively, within endothelial cells. Adenovirus was isolated in cell culture from 1 of the affected deer. The isolate was neutralized by California black-tailed deer adenovirus antiserum. These findings indicate that adenovirus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of both black-tailed and white-tailed deer with pulmonary edema and/or hemorrhagic enteropathy.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Adenoviridae , Cervos/virologia , Edema Pulmonar/veterinária , Adenoviridae/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos Virais/análise , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Gravidez , Edema Pulmonar/etiologia , Edema Pulmonar/virologiaRESUMO
Virus isolated from the lung, liver, kidney, and small intestine of a 3-month-old Holstein heifer with a clinical history of pneumonia and lesions in multiple organs was identified as an adenovirus on the basis of morphological and physicochemical characteristics. The adenovirus was determined to be a serotype 10 bovine adenovirus and represents the first reported isolation of this serotype in the United States. Inoculation of calves with this isolate resulted in mild to moderate clinical response consisting of fever, inappetence, increased respiratory rate, cough, and listlessness. Gross lesions were minimal in the respiratory tract and consisted of fibrin in the airways and small areas of consolidation in the cranial lobes of the lung. Mucofibrinous foci were present on the mucosa of the upper small intestine.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Mastadenovirus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , DNA Viral , Feminino , Mastadenovirus/classificação , Mastadenovirus/patogenicidade , Sorotipagem , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Twenty-five colostrum-deprived lambs reared in isolation were inoculated with a US variant of ovine adenovirus serotype 6 (OAV-6) strain RTS-151, Pasteurella haemolytica, or a combination of the 2 agents. Although severe pulmonary lesions were caused by each agent, the lesions were more severe and lasted longer with the combined infection. Lesions induced by OAV-6 alone developed 6-9 days after inoculation and lasted for 15 days, the length of the experiment. The lesions were characterized by suppurative inflammation at the junction of the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. Air spaces were filled with neutrophils and sloughed epithelial cells, which often contained large intranuclear inclusions. Lesions induced by P. haemolytica alone developed within 1 day and persisted for no more than 10 days and were characterized by severe pulmonary edema with variable amounts of fibrin. Lesions induced by the combined infection had aspects of each infection alone and resulted in severe disease in 4 of 8 lambs that were permitted to live more than 1 day after inoculation with bacteria. Early pulmonary lesions included edema, limited fibrin deposition, and slight purulent bronchiolitis and alveolitis. Later lesions included necrosis and more fibrin. For lambs inoculated with both pathogens, resolution was incomplete 15 days after inoculation of virus (10 days after inoculation of P. haemolytica). The results presented here corroborate previous findings indicating that the RTS-151 variant of OAV-6 is common in lambs and acts in concert with P. haemolytica to cause severe and often fatal pneumonia.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Pulmão/patologia , Mannheimia haemolytica , Mastadenovirus , Infecções por Pasteurella/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos , Infecções por Adenoviridae/complicações , Infecções por Adenoviridae/patologia , Animais , Epitélio/patologia , Hiperplasia , Infecções por Pasteurella/complicações , Infecções por Pasteurella/patologia , Alvéolos Pulmonares/patologia , OvinosRESUMO
Suppurative, ulcerative endometritis associated with bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) infection was identified in 15 postparturient dairy cows from 5 separate dairies. Characteristic eosinophilic to amphophilic intranuclear viral inclusion bodies were identified within degenerate endometrial lining epithelium and endothelial cells. Bovine herpesvirus-4 was confirmed as the etiology by a combination of fluorescent antibody assays, viral isolation, heminested PCR, ultrastructural examination of the uterus and inoculated tissue culture cells, and negative-stain electron microscopy of tissue culture supernatant. Viral particles measuring 70-95 nm were demonstrated in uterine epithelial and endothelial cells by electron microscopy. Bacteria including Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and an alpha-Streptococcus isolate were isolated from all uteri. Bovine herpesvirus-4-associated endometritis has been previously reported in sporadic cases in Europe but has not been previously reported in the United States. Endometritis associated with BHV-4 appears to be an emerging syndrome in Georgia dairy herds.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Endometrite/veterinária , Infecções por Herpesviridae/veterinária , Herpesvirus Bovino 4/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , DNA Viral/análise , Endometrite/patologia , Endometrite/virologia , Feminino , Infecções por Herpesviridae/patologia , Herpesvirus Bovino 4/genética , Herpesvirus Bovino 4/patogenicidade , Microscopia Eletrônica , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Período Pós-Parto , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/patologia , Útero/patologia , Útero/virologiaRESUMO
Intraperitoneal inoculation of CF1 mice with 100 micrograms, 200 micrograms, or 300 micrograms whole cell (WC) or 250 micrograms, 500 micrograms, or 1000 micrograms cell wall (CW) of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis induced varying degrees of protection after intravenous challenge of immunity with 7.2 X 10(4) CFU of C. pseudotuberculosis. Generally, the degree of protection increased with the dose of WC or CW. However, intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with 100 micrograms, 200 micrograms, or 300 micrograms heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG; 50 micrograms, 150 micrograms, or 300 micrograms of either muramyl dipeptide (MDP) or trehalose dimycolate (TDM); or 350 micrograms, 700 micrograms or 1400 micrograms Corynebacterium parvum did not induce resistance to intravenous inoculation of 7.4 X 10(4) CFU of C. pseudotuberculosis. The protection induced by 500 micrograms CW was enhanced by adding 100 micrograms BCG, 150 micrograms MDP, or 350 micrograms C. parvum but protection induced in mice by 300 micrograms of WC was not enhanced by adding any adjuvants.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Corynebacterium/imunologia , Imunização/veterinária , Acetilmuramil-Alanil-Isoglutamina/imunologia , Animais , Vacina BCG , Parede Celular/imunologia , Fatores Corda/imunologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/imunologia , Feminino , Adjuvante de Freund , Camundongos , Propionibacterium acnes/imunologiaRESUMO
Scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy are similar chronic neurodegenerative diseases of sheep and cattle. An earlier study showed that, on first passage in cattle, a US scrapie agent caused an encephalopathy that was distinct from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). The present report describes a second passage in cattle, carried out because diseases caused by the spongiform encephalopathy agents often change in character with additional passages in abnormal hosts. For this work, young calves were inoculated intracerebrally with a pooled suspension of brain from cattle that had died of encephalopathy after experimental inoculation with brain from scrapie-affected sheep. The second passage disease was essentially identical with the first passage disease, as judged by clinical signs, histopathological findings and distribution of "prion protein scrapie" (PrPsc). This represents additional evidence to suggest that the US sheep scrapie agent tested is incapable of causing BSE in cattle.
Assuntos
Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina/virologia , Proteínas PrPSc/patogenicidade , Scrapie/transmissão , Animais , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/virologia , Bovinos , Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina/patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Scrapie/patologia , Ovinos , Especificidade da Espécie , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Ten lambs aged 8 weeks were inoculated intratracheally through the tracheal wall with lipopolysaccharide from Pasteurella haemolytica A1 and examined in chronological sequence by light and electron microscopy for pulmonary lesions. An acute fibrinopurulent pneumonia was produced, which resolved within 72 h but bore many resemblances to field cases of pneumonic pasteurellosis. Sequestration of neutrophils in the capillaries of the lungs and aggregation of surfactant in the alveoli occurred rapidly, followed by swelling of the alveolar and capillary endothelia, oedema, haemorrhage, and emigration of neutrophils into the interstitium and small air spaces of the lungs. Necrosis of isolated neutrophils was a constant feature. Alveolar, interstitial and intravascular macrophages and lymphoid cells increased slowly to become the predominant inflammatory cells at 72 h. A surprising feature was the transient appearance of multinucleated cells in the lungs at 2 and 6 h after inoculation. It is concluded that lipopolysaccharide makes a major contribution to the pathogenesis of P. haemolytica infection in the lungs of sheep.
Assuntos
Lipopolissacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Pulmão/patologia , Mannheimia haemolytica/patogenicidade , Pasteurelose Pneumônica/patologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologia , Animais , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/ultraestrutura , Mannheimia haemolytica/classificação , Microscopia Eletrônica , Ovinos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Six sheep, aged 6-8 months and seronegative for pestivirus, were inoculated intranasally, through the tracheal wall, and intrabronchially with a non-cytopathogenic isolate of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (ncpBVDV). Infected sheep were killed in pairs on post-inoculation day (PID) 2, 4 and 6. They all exhibited transient leucopenia or lymphopenia, or both. Platelet counts decreased but remained within normal limits. BVDV was isolated from buffy coats and tissues of all sheep inoculated with ncpBVDV but not from two uninfected control animals. Pulmonary lesions, evident in ncpBVDV-inoculated sheep, consisted of moderate oedema with multifocal alveolar septal necrosis and haemorrhage, infiltrates of mononuclear inflammatory cells, and degenerative changes in alveolar epithelium, endothelium and pulmonary intravascular macrophages. Additionally, there was morphological evidence of platelet activation and pulmonary intravascular macrophage stimulation. Lesions were not observed in the two control sheep.
Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/virologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/isolamento & purificação , Pneumopatias/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologia , Doença Aguda , Animais , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/patologia , Bovinos , Edema/patologia , Edema/veterinária , Contagem de Leucócitos/veterinária , Pulmão/patologia , Pneumopatias/patologia , Pneumopatias/virologia , Linfopenia/patologia , Linfopenia/veterinária , Linfopenia/virologia , Necrose , Contagem de Plaquetas/veterinária , Alvéolos Pulmonares/ultraestrutura , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologiaRESUMO
The effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpBVDV) infection on selected bovine alveolar macrophage (AM) functions was investigated. Alveolar macrophages were harvested from 2- to 6-month-old calves seronegative for BRSV and BVDV and inoculated with approximately 1 median cell culture infective dose of virus per AM. Control, BRSV infected, ncpBVDV-infected and BRSV-ncpBVDV coinfected AM cultures were evaluated for Fc receptor expression, phagosome-lysosome fusion, superoxide anion (O2-) production, and chemotactic activity on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-infection. Both single and combined viral infections significantly depressed AM Fc receptor expression, phagosome-lysosome fusion, and secretion of chemotactic factors with a more significant synergistic depression seen in BRSV-ncpBVDV coinfection. Production of O2- by AM was not decreased by either BRSV or ncpBVDV infection, but was significantly decreased by coinfection with BRSV-ncpBVDV. The present study confirms previous reports of BRSV effects on AM functions and indicate that ncpBVDV affects AM functions in vitro. Coinfection with BRSV-ncpBVDV produced a synergistic depression on AM functions.
Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/virologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/patogenicidade , Macrófagos Alveolares/virologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/virologia , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/patogenicidade , Animais , Bovinos , Quimiotaxia/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Alveolares/fisiologia , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Fc/biossíntese , Receptores Fc/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Early epidemiological information indicated that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) originated from scrapie in sheep. The question arose if scrapie in North America would induce a BSE-like disease in cattle. Six years ago, we reported that brain tissue from sheep with scrapie caused a neurologic disease when injected directly into the brains of cattle, but the disease induced was different from BSE as it occurs in the United Kingdom and Europe. Here, we report that cattle fed raw brain or meat and bone meal and tallow prepared from sheep with scrapie remained normal for 8 years after exposure. This work indicates that cattle are highly resistant to North American scrapie by the oral route.
Assuntos
Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina/etiologia , Imunidade Inata , Scrapie/epidemiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina/epidemiologia , América do Norte/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A bovine adenovirus with agglutinating activity was isolated from feedlot calves and classified as serotype 3. The agglutinating activity was shown to be the property of an adenovirus-associated virus (AAV). The AAV was isolated from the bovine adenovirus by isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl; the AAV had a density of 1.4 g/cm2. This AAV is serologically related to bovine AAV-TR-15, but is distinct from bovine parvovirus-1 and primate AAV types 1 to 4, using counterimmunoelectrophoresis and hemagglutination-inhibition.
Assuntos
Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Vírus Satélites/isolamento & purificação , Adenoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/microbiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Centrifugação Isopícnica , Contraimunoeletroforese , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Vírus Satélites/imunologiaRESUMO
Twelve 1-week-old colostrum-deprived lambs inoculated with the RTS-42 strain of Mastadenovirus ovi 5 were killed and necropsied (2 lambs/day) on postinoculation days (PID) 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 21. Four noninoculated lambs were killed and necropsied (2/day) on PID 6 and 12. Virus was isolated from nasal secretions and feces on PID 1 to PID 6, from tracheal fluids and lung tissue of lambs necropsied on PID 2, 4, and 6, and from lung tissue from 1 lamb necropsied on PID 8. Virus was not recovered from liver, kidney, or small intestine of inoculated lambs or samples from noninoculated lambs. Serum antibody was first detected on PID 6 in the inoculated lambs. Noninoculated lambs remained seronegative. None of the lambs in the study developed clinical signs of infection although lesions were produced in the respiratory tract.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/microbiologia , Adenoviridae/patogenicidade , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Adenoviridae/patologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Células Cultivadas , Córnea/embriologia , Rim/embriologia , OvinosRESUMO
Serum samples were collected from early weaned fall calves shortly after the onset of respiratory tract disease. Antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus, parainfluenza type 3 (PI-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus, bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were determined on paired (acute and convalescent) serums. Seroconversion rate (a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer) for IBR virus was 4.3%, PI-3 virus--16.3%, BVD virus--9.6%, and BAV-3--2.2%. Seroconversion for BRSV was 45.4%. An increased rate of seroconversion for IBR, PI-3, and BVD viruses and BAV-3 was observed in the presence of BRSV seroconversion. These results suggest that BRSV may facilitate infection by other viruses. Results of virus isolation procedures from these calves were negative.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/veterinária , Desmame , Adenoviridae/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Bovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/imunologia , Feminino , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/imunologia , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Humana/imunologia , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/imunologia , Infecções Respiratórias/imunologia , Infecções por Respirovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Respirovirus/veterináriaRESUMO
Young lambs, inoculated with ovine adenovirus isolate RTS-151, were killed sequentially (to postinoculation day 21), and their morphologic lesions were studied. Lesions were found only in the respiratory tract and were most severe in the terminal airways. Many cells of the respiratory epithelium had severe cytomegaly and karyomegaly with intranuclear inclusions. Desquamation of affected cells was accompanied by hyperplasia of airway and alveolar epithelium and by accumulation of necrotic cellular debris and neutrophils in terminal airways and alveoli. Virus replicated in the nucleus of enlarged epithelial cells in the airways, but not in alveolar epithelium. Intranuclear inclusions representing viral replication progressed from clumps of finely granular material without virions to a granular material with virions and finally to a dense inclusion with numerous virions.