Directional electronic tuning of Ni nanoparticles by interfacial oxygen bridging of support for catalyzing alkaline hydrogen oxidation.

Metallic nickel (Ni) is a promising candidate to substitute Pt-based catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), but huge challenges still exist in precise modulation of the electronic structure to boost the electrocatalytic performances. Herein, we present the use of single-layer Ti3C2Tx MXene to deliberately tailor the electronic structure of Ni nanoparticles via interfacial oxygen bridges, which affords Ni/Ti3C2Tx electrocatalyst with exceptional performances for HOR in an alkaline medium. Remarkably, it shows a high kinetic current of 16.39 mA cmdisk-2 at the overpotential of 50 mV for HOR [78 and 2.7 times higher than that of metallic Ni and Pt/C (20%), respectively], also with good durability and CO antipoisoning ability (1,000 ppm) that are not available for conventional Pt/C (20%) catalyst. The ultrahigh conductivity of single-layer Ti3C2Tx provides fast transmission of electrons for Ni nanoparticles, of which the uniform and small sizes endow them with high-density active sites. Further, the terminated -O/-OH functional groups on Ti3C2Tx directionally capture electrons from Ni nanoparticles via interfacial Ni-O bridges, leading to obvious electronic polarization. This could enhance the Nids-O2p interaction and weaken Nids-H1s interaction of Ni sites in Ni/Ti3C2Txenabling a suitable H-/OH-binding energy and thus enhancing the HOR activity.

Flexible Luminescent Hydrogen-bonded Organic Framework for the Separation of Benzene and Cyclohexane.

A nonplanar phenothiazine derivative with three cyano moieties (PTTCN) is designed and synthesized to achieve functional crystals for absorptive separation of benzene and cyclohexane. PTTCN can crystallize into two kinds of crystals with different fluorescence colors in different solvent systems. The molecules in two crystals are in different stereo isomeric forms of nitrogen, quasi axial (ax), and quasi equatorial (eq). The crystals with blue fluorescence in ax form may selectively adsorb benzene by a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation, but separated benzene from a benzene/cyclohexane equimolar mixture with a low purity of 79.6%. Interestingly, PTTCN molecules with eq form and benzene co-assembled to construct a hydrogen-bonded framework (X-HOF-4) with S-type solvent channels and yellow-green fluorescence, and can release benzene to form nonporous guest-free crystal under heating. Such nonporous crystals strongly favor aromatic benzene over cyclohexane and may selectively reabsorb benzene from benzene/cyclohexane equimolar mixture to recover original framework, and the purity of benzene can reach ≈96.5% after release from framework. Moreover, reversible transformation between the nonporous crystals and the guest-containing crystals allows the material to be reused.

Post-Modification of a Robust Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Sequestration of 99 TcO4 - /ReO4.

Nuclear industry spent fuel reprocessing and some radioactive contamination sites often involve high acidity and salinity environments. Currently developed and reported sorbents in 99 TcO4 - sequestration from the nuclear waste are unstable and show low adsorption efficiency in harsh conditions. To address this issue, we developed a post-synthetic modification strategy by grafting imidazole-based ionic liquids (ILs) onto the backbone of covalent organic framework (COF) via vinyl polymerization. The resultant COF-polyILs sorbent exhibits fast adsorption kinetics (<5 min) and good sorption capacity (388 mg g-1 ) for ReO4 - (a nonradioactive surrogate of 99 TcO4 - ). Outstandingly, COF-polyILs composite shows superior ReO4 - removal even under highly acidic conditions and in the presence of excess competing ions of Hanford low-level radioactive waste stream, benefiting from the stable covalent bonds between the COF and polyILs, mass of imidazole rings, and hydrophobic pores in COF.

Short- and long-term surgical outcomes of pancreatic resection for retroperitoneal sarcoma: A long-term single-center experience of 90 cases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) en bloc with pancreas is challenging and controversial. This single-center retrospective study aimed to analyze the impact of pancreatic resection (PR) and its different types on short- and long-term outcomes in patients with RPS. METHODS: Data from 242 consecutive patients with RPS who underwent surgical treatment at the Peking University Cancer Hospital Sarcoma Center between January 2010 and February 2021 were analyzed. Out of these, 90 patients underwent PR, including pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in 31 and distal pancreatectomy (DP) in 59. RESULTS: Patients in the PR group had a higher major morbidity (37.8% vs. 14.5%) and mortality (8.9% vs. 1.3%) than those in the non-PR group, with a similar 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (46.9% vs. 53.6%). Patients in the PD and DP groups had a slight difference in major morbidity (48.4% vs. 32.2%), mortality (6.4% vs. 10.2%), and 5-year OS rates (43.3% vs. 49.3%). The PR type was not an independent risk factor for major morbidity or OS. CONCLUSIONS: PR in RPS resection was associated with increased morbidity and mortality with minimal influence on survival. Patients with RPS undergoing PD and DP showed slight differences in terms of safety and OS.

Cytoreductive surgery offers prognostic benefits in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors with generalized progression following imatinib therapy: a single institute retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Distant metastasis has been detected in approximately 50% of GIST patients at the first diagnosis. The surgical strategy for metastatic GIST with generalized progression (GP) after imatinib therapy remains unclear. METHODS: We recruited 15 patients with imatinib-resistant metastatic GIST. They received cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for tumor rupture, intestinal obstruction and gastrointestinal bleeding. We collected clinical, pathological and prognostic data for analyses. RESULTS: OS and PFS after R0/1 CRS were 56.88 ± 3.47 and 26.7 ± 4.12 months, respectively, when compared with 26 ± 5.35 and 5 ± 2.78 months after R2 CRS (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). The OS of patients from the initiation of imatinib in the R0/1 group was 133.90 ± 15.40 months when compared with 59.80 ± 10.98 months in the R2 CRS group. There were two significant grade III complications after 15 operations (13.3%). No patient underwent reoperation. In addition, no perioperative death occurred. CONCLUSIONS: R0/1 CRS is highly probable to provide prognostic benefits for patients with metastatic GIST who experience GP following imatinib treatment. An aggressive surgical strategy for achieving R0/1 CRS can be deemed safe. If applicable, R0/1 CRS should be carefully considered in imatinib-treated patients with GP metastatic GIST.

Novel 2-Amino-1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives Induce A549 Cell Death through Autophagy.

A series of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives containing were synthesized as anti-cancer agents and the crystal structure of compound 5a was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. In addition, the inhibitory activities against four cancer cell lines (HepG2, A549, K562, and PC-3) were tested, respectively, and compound 5i showed significant cytotoxicity on the A549 cell line with the IC50 of 6.15 µM. Surprisingly, in the following preliminary biological experiments, we found that compound 5i induced autophagy by promoting the recycling of EGFR and signal transduction in the A549 cell, resulting in the activation of the EGFR signal pathway. The potential binding pattern between compound 5i and EGFR tyrosine kinase (PDB ID: 1M17) was also identified by molecular docking. Our research paves the way for further studies and the development of novel and powerful anti-cancer drugs.

Comprehensive comparison of patient-derived xenograft models in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and metastatic Liver Cancer.

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are effective preclinical cancer models that reproduce the tumor microenvironment of the human body. The methods have been widely used for drug screening, biomarker development, co-clinical trials, and personalized medicine. However, the low success rate and the long tumorigenesis period have largely limited their usage. In the present studies, we compared the PDX establishment between hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and metastatic liver cancer (MLC), and identified the key factors affecting the transplantation rate of PDXs. Surgically resected tumor specimens obtained from patients were subcutaneously inoculated into immunodeficient mice to construct PDX models. The overall transplantation rate was 38.5% (20/52), with the HCC group (28.1%, 9/32) being lower than MLC group (56.2%, 9/16). In addition, HCC group took significantly longer latency period than MLC group to construct PDX models. Hematoxylin and eosin staining results showed that the histopathology of all generations in PDX models was similar to the original tumor in all three types of cancer. The transplantation rate of PDX models in HCC patients was significantly associated with blood type (P=0.001), TNM stage (P=0.023), lymph node metastasis (P=0.042) and peripheral blood CA19-9 level (P=0.049), while the transplantation rate of PDX models in MLC patients was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.034). This study demonstrates that PDX models can effectively reproduce the histological patterns of human tumors. The transplantation rate depends on the type of original tumor. Furthermore, it shows that the invasiveness of the original liver cancer affects the possibility of its growth in immunodeficient mice.

Rational Construction of an Exceptionally Stable MOF Catalyst with Metal-Adeninate Vertices toward CO2 Cycloaddition under Mild and Cocatalyst-Free Conditions.

CO2 is considered as the primary greenhouse gas, resulting in a series of serious environmental problems that affect people's life and health. Carbon capture and sequestration has been implemented as one of the most appealing pathways to control and use CO2 . Here, we rationally integrate various functional sites within the confined nanospace of a microporous metal-organic framework (MOF) material, which is constructed by mixed-ligand strategy based on metal-adeninate vertices. It not only exhibits excellent stability but also can efficiently transform CO2 and epoxides to cyclic carbonates under mild and cocatalyst-free conditions. Additionally, this catalyst shows extraordinary recyclability for the CO2 cycloaddition reaction.

Nanoporous Gold Embedded ZIF Composite for Enhanced Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation.

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) offers an energy-saving and environmentally friendly approach to produce ammonia under ambient conditions. However, traditional catalysts have extremely poor NRR performances because of their low activity and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. The high catalytic activity of nanoporous gold (NPG) and the hydrophobicity and molecular concentrating effect of the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) were incorporated in the NPG@ZIF-8 nanocomposite so that the ZIF-8 shell could weaken hydrogen evolution and retard reactant diffusion. A highest Faradaic efficiency of 44 % and an excellent rate of ammonia production of (28.7±0.9) µg h-1 cm-2 were achieved, which are superior to traditional gold nanoparticles and NPG. Moreover, the composite catalyst shows high electrochemical stability and selectivity (98 %). The superior NRR performance makes NPG@ZIF-8 one of the most promising water-based NRR electrocatalysts for ammonia production.

Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of pancreas.

.To explore the clinicopathological features of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of pancreas and to analyze the related factors of SPNs with aggressive behavior. Clinical data of SPN patients admitted in the Single Center of Peking University Cancer Hospital from January 2007 to September 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlations of clinicopathological features with aggressive SPNs and distant metastasis after curative resection were analyzed using univariate analysis. Twelve of the total 54 SPN patients were diagnosed as aggressive SPNs. Univariate analysis suggested clinical features had no correlations with aggressive SPNs. Patients were followed up for an average of 5.0 years, four of them developed distant metastases. Univariate analysis indicated that distant metastasis of SPNs was correlated with the aggressive behaviors (P=0.031). Moreover, vessels invasion (VI) and Ki-67>4% (P=0.012) were the independent risk factors of distant metastasis of SPNs. The aggressive SPNs, especially VI and Ki-67>4% are the independent factors correlated with distant metastases after SPNs surgery.

Mechanisms of Solvent-Mediated Structural Transformations for Dynamic Crystals of Supramolecular Coordination Systems.

Thus far, reports about the transformations for dynamic crystals of supramolecular coordination systems mainly include single-crystal-to-single-crystal reactions, and solvent-mediated processes. This Concept focuses on the mechanisms for solvent-mediated structural transformations of dynamic crystals, which can be classified into two categories, that is, core-on-shell and core-to-core. The core-on-shell mechanism means that the core of the new crystal is generated from the shell of original crystal, being concomitant with the dissolution of the mother crystal. In contrast, for the core-to-core case, the growth of new crystal core and the dissolution of original crystal core will proceed simultaneously, but they are physically separated. Herein, the two mechanisms are elucidated in detail, with some typical examples from recent advances.

Water-Stable Metal-Organic Framework for Effective and Selective Cr2O72- Capture through Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Anion Exchange.

Effective and selective capture of environmentally toxic Cr2O72- from water is desirable for both environment protection and human health, but it still remains a significant challenge. We present a water-stable cationic metal-organic framework (MOF) with large nanotubular channels ( ca. 1.4 × 1.4 nm2), (1-Cl). Remarkably, the resulting porous material exhibits rapid aqueous-phase removal of Cr2O72- via an anion-exchange manner. Meaningfully, the capture and separation of aqueous Cr2O72- are highly selective even in the presence of other disturbing anions. More importantly, the crystal structure of 1-Cl after anion exchange (1-Cr2O7) could be determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elaborating the single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC-SC) transformation. The Cr2O72- removal process by 1-Cl thus was directly uncovered by the crystal structure of Cr2O72--incorporated 1-Cr2O7.

A Double-Walled Bimetal-Organic Framework for Antibiotics Sensing and Size-Selective Catalysis.

The first double-walled bimetal-organic framework [Cd4K4(TADA)4(H2O)12]·6DMF (1, TADA = 3,3'-((6-hydroxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(azanediyl)) dibenzoate) has been successfully constructed. In virtue of its high porosity and abundant basic sites, MOF 1 can be served as a high-efficiently size-selective heterogeneous catalyst for Knovenagel condensation reaction. Remarkably, 1 also exhibits excellent luminescent detectability for metronidazole (MDZ) with the highest quenching constant ( Ksv) of 1.16 × 105 M-1. The results demonstrate that 1 can be served as a unique bifunctional platform for antibiotics sensing and size-selective catalysis.

Anterior Approach to En Bloc Resection in Left-Sided Retroperitoneal Sarcoma with Adjacent Organ Involvement: A Study of 25 Patients in a Single Center.

BACKGROUND There is no standard surgical approach for the management of retroperitoneal sarcoma. The aim of this clinical study was to describe the experience of an anterior approach to en bloc resection in left-sided retroperitoneal sarcoma with adjacent organ involvement. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective clinical study included 25 patients who were diagnosed with left-sided retroperitoneal sarcoma and underwent tumor resection at a single center between May 2012 and July 2017. All patients had tumors that were adjacent to the left colon, pancreas, left kidney, left adrenal gland, and psoas major; some of the tumors were adjacent to the diaphragm, stomach, and small intestine. An anterior approach was used to remove the left-sided retroperitoneal tumor with the adhesive organs en bloc, an approach that is described in detail. The value of this surgical approach was evaluated based on the histopathological findings, postoperative complications, and patient follow-up. RESULTS The median number of resected organs, in addition to the retroperitoneal tumor, was 8 (range, 6-10). Complete macroscopic tumor resection was achieved in 23 cases (92%). Twenty-four patients (96%) had tumor infiltration of at least one organ or the surrounding fat. Three patients (12%) experienced Grade III and IV postoperative morbidities. The one-year disease-free survival rate was 91.3% among patients with macroscopically complete resections. The one-year overall survival rate was 83.2%. CONCLUSIONS In selected patients, left-sided retroperitoneal sarcoma associated with local organ involvement can be surgically managed using an anterior approach with en bloc resection of adjacent organs.

Anti-Aging Effect of Chitosan Oligosaccharide on d-Galactose-Induced Subacute Aging in Mice.

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a natural polysaccharide with good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is the depolymerized product of chitosan possessing various biological activities. The present study was designed to investigate the possible anti-aging effect of COS on the aging model mouse induced by d-galactose (d-gal) and explore the underlying mechanism. In the experiment, 48 male Kunming mice (KM mice) were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, positive group, and low-medium-high dose polysaccharide groups (300, 600, 1200 mg/kg/day). The results showed that COS, by intragastric gavage after subcutaneous injection of d-gal (250 mg/kg/day) into the neck of mice consecutively for eight weeks, gradually recovered the body weight, the activity of daily living, and organ indices of mice, as well as effectively ameliorated the histological deterioration of the liver and kidney in mice triggered by d-gal. To be specific, COS obviously improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidney of KM mice, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels when compared with those in model group mice. Furthermore, COS not only elevated the diminished levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM induced by d-gal, but also significantly inhibited the d-gal-caused upregulation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), uric acid (UA) and creatinine (CREA) levels as compared with those of mice in the model group. These results demonstrate that COS has an obvious anti-aging activity in d-gal-induced subacute aging mice, the mechanism of which, to some extent, is associated with enhancing the antioxidant defenses, reducing oxidative stress, and improving the immune function of aging model mice.

Water-Mediated Structural Transformations of CuII 5-Halonicotinates Coordination Networks with Distinct Mechanisms.

Currently, no unequivocal evidence is given for elucidation of "black box" during the structural transformations of dynamic crystalline materials. Here, three types of mechanisms are revealed for such transformations through X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy; namely, single-crystal to single-crystal (SC-SC), as well as "core-to-core" and "core-on-shell" processes. As confirmed by time-lapse optical microscopy, the latter two cases can be properly ascribed as partial recrystallization processes, while the former one is a continuous process with two different crystal lattices simultaneously maintained in one single crystal. Interestingly, these three distinct pathways can be exquisitely realized by changing only the halogen substituent (from -F, -Cl, to -Br) of the organic ligands in the coordination supramolecular systems.

Ligand Symmetry Modulation for Designing a Mesoporous Metal-Organic Framework: Dual Reactivity to Transition and Lanthanide Metals for Enhanced Functionalization.

A promising alternative strategy for designing mesoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been proposed, by modifying the symmetry rather than expanding the length of organic linkers. By means of this approach, a unique MOF material based on the target [Zn8(ad)4] (ad = adeninate) clusters and C3-symmetric organic linkers can be obtained, with trigonal microporous (ca., 0.8 nm) and hexagonal mesoporous (ca., 3.0 nm) 1D channels. Moreover, the resulting 446-MOF shows distinct reactivity to transition and lanthanide metal ions. Significantly, the transmetalation of Co(II) or Ni(II) on the Zn(II) centers in 446-MOF can enhance the sorption capacities of CO2 and CH4 (16-21%), whereas the impregnation of Eu(III) and Tb(III) in the channels of 446-MOF will result in adjustable light-emitting behaviors.

[Biological mechanisms of human-derived leukemia stem cells senescence regulated by Angelica sinensis polysaccharide].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the biological mechanisms underlying Angelica sindsis polysaccharide (ASP) -induced aging of human-derived leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in vitro. METHOD: Acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells were isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). The ability of LSC proliferation treated by various concentration of ASP(20-80 mg · L(-1)) in vitro for 48 hours were tested using cell counting Kit-8 ( CCK8) , colony forming were evaluated by methylcellulose CFU assay. The ultra structure changes of AML CD34+ CD38- cells were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The aging cells were detected with senescence-ß-galactosidase Kit staining. Expression of aging-related p53, p21, p16, Rb mRNA and P16, Rb, CDK4 and Cyclin E protein were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction( qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. RESULT: The purity of the CD34 + CD38 - cells is (91.15 ± 2.41)% after sorted and showed good morphology. The proliferation of LSC was exhibited significantly concentration-dependent inhibited after exposure to various concentration of ASP. Treated by 40 mg · L(-1) ASP for 48 hours, the percentage of positive cells stained by SA-ß-Gal was dramatically increased (P < 0.01) and the colony-formed ability has been weakened (P < 0.01). The observation of ultrastructure showed that cell heterochromatin condensation and fragmentation, mitochondrial swelling, lysosomes increased in number. Aging-related p53, p21, p16, Rb and P16, Rb were up-regulated, protein regulatory cell-cycle CDK4 and Cyclin E were down-regulated. ASP may induce the senescence of LSCs effectively in vitro, P16-Rb cell signaling pathway play a significant role in this process. CONCLUSION: ASP can induce human leukemia stem cell senescence in vitro, the mechanism involved may be related to ASP regulation P16-Rb signaling pathways.

Divergent kinetic and thermodynamic hydration of a porous Cu(II) coordination polymer with exclusive CO2 sorption selectivity.

Selective adsorption and separation of CO2 are of great importance for different target applications. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a promising class of porous materials for this purpose. Here we present a unique MOF material, [Cu(tba)2]n (tba = 4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoate), which shows high CO2 adsorption selectivity over CH4/H2/O2/Ar/N2 gases (with IAST selectivity of 41-68 at 273 K and 33-51 at 293 K). By using a critical point dryer, the CO2 molecules can be well sealed in the 1D channels of [Cu(tba)2]n to allow a single-crystal X-ray analysis, which reveals the presence of not only C(δ+)-H···O(δ-) bonds between the host framework and CO2 but also quadrupole-quadrupole (CO2(δ-)···(δ+)CO2) interactions between the CO2 molecules. Furthermore, [Cu(tba)2]n will suffer divergent kinetic and thermodynamic hydration processes to form its isostructural hydrate {[Cu(tba)2](H2O)}n and a mononuclear complex [Cu(tba)2(H2O)4] via single-crystal to single-crystal transformations.

[Research of anti-aging mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 on brain].

Neurodegenerative disease is common and frequently occurs in elderly patients. Previous studies have shown that ginsenoside Rg1 was able to inhibit senescent of brain, but the mechanism on the brain during the treatment remains elucidated. To study the mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 in the process of anti-aging of brain, forty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, Rg1 normal group, brain aging model group and Rg1 brain aging model group, each group with 10 rats (brain aging model group: subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (120 mg kg(-1)), qd for 42 consecutive days; Rg1 brain aging model group: while copying the same test as that of brain aging model group, begin intraperitoneal injection of ginsenosides Rg1 (20 mg x kg(-1)) qd for 27 d from 16 d. Rg1 normal group: subcutaneous injection of the same amount of saline; begin intraperitoneal injection of ginsenosides Rg1 (20 mg x kg(-1)) qd for 27 d from 16 d. Normal: injected with an equal volume of saline within the same time. Perform the related experiment on the second day after finishing copying the model or the completion of the first two days of drug injections). Learning and memory abilities were measured by Morris water maze. The number of senescent cells was detected by SA-beta-Gal staining while the level of IL-1 and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines in hippocampus were detected by ELISA. The activities of SOD, contents of GSH in hippo- campus were quantified by chromatometry. The change of telomerase activities and telomerase length were performed by TRAP-PCR and southern blotting assay, respectively. It is pointed that, in brain aging model group, the spatial learning and memory capacities were weaken, SA-beta-Gal positive granules increased in section of brain tissue, the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD and the contents of GSH decreased in hippocampus, the level of IL-1 and IL-6 increased in hippocampus, while the length of telomere and the activity of telomerase decreased in hippocampus. Rats of Rg1 brain aging group had their spatial learning and memory capacities enhanced, SA-beta-Gal positive granules in section of brain tissue decreased, the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD and the contents of GSH increased in hippocampus, the level of IL-1 and IL-6 in hippocampus decreased, the length contraction of telomere suppressed while the change of telomerase activity increased in hippocampus. Compared with that of normal group, the spatial learning and memory capacities were enhanced in Rg1 normal group, SA-beta-Gal positive granules in section of brain tissue decreased in Rg1 normal group, the level of IL-1 and IL-6 in hippocampus decreased in Rg1 normal group. The results indicated that improvement of antioxidant ability, regulating the level of proinflammatory cytokines and regulation of telomerase system may be the underlying anti-aging mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg1.