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This study investigated the impact mechanism of social-related social media use on the job performance of caregivers of older adults through mental health and analyzed gender differences. A total of 358 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS. The results showed that mental health plays an important role in the relationship between social-related social media use and job performance. Such social media use can improve psychological well-being and reduce psychological distress by promoting relaxation experience. Psychological well-being has a significant positive impact on job performance. In addition, significant differences exist in the impact path of social-related social media use on psychological distress among different gender groups. The findings of this study can assist nursing homes in assessing the use of social media within their organizations and provide methodological references for enhancing the job performance of caregivers of older adults.
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Cuidadores , Mídias Sociais , Desempenho Profissional , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cuidadores/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto , Casas de Saúde , Saúde MentalRESUMO
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. This study is aimed at investigating the role and mechanisms of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) in diabetic nephropathy. High glucose (HG)-induced human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were treated with Sal B, BAY-60-6583 (agonist of adenosine 2B receptor), or PSB-603 (antagonist of adenosine 2B receptor) for 24 h. Adenosine A2b receptor (ADORA2B), NACHT, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin (PYD) domains-containing protein 3 (NALP3), and nuclear factor Kappa B (NFκB) expressions, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were examined. Following 6 weeks of Sal B treatment, db/db mice blood and kidney tissue were harvested for biochemical detection with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson's, periodic acid schiff (PAS), and Sirius red staining and detection of ADORA2B, NALP3, NFκB, interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activity. NFκB, NALP3, and ADORA2B were found to be downregulated in Sal B treated HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose (HG), accompanied by elevated levels of MMPs and reduced intracellular ROS production. Sal B-treated diabetic mice had the improvement in body weight, water intake, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and liver and kidney function. Altogether, Sal B attenuates HG-induced kidney tubule cell injury and diabetic nephropathy in diabetic mice, providing clues to other novel mechanisms by which Sal B is beneficial in diabetic nephropathy.
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As high-capacity anode materials, spinel NiFe2O4 aroused extensive attention due to its natural abundance and safe working voltage. For widespread commercialization, some drawbacks, such as rapid capacity fading and poor reversibility due to large volume variation and inferior conductivity, urgently require amelioration. In this work, NiFe2O4/NiO composites with a dual-network structure were fabricated by a simple dealloying method. Benefiting from the dual-network structure and composed of nanosheet networks and ligament-pore networks, this material provides sufficient space for volume expansion and is able to boost the rapid transfer of electrons and Li ions. As a result, the material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, retaining 756.9 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1 after cycling for 100 cycles and retaining 641.1 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g-1. This work provides a facile way to prepare a novel dual-network structured spinel oxide material, which can promote the development of oxide anodes and also dealloying techniques in broad fields.
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Lítio , Óxidos , Porosidade , Eletrodos , ÍonsRESUMO
Endometriosis is a common gynecological illness in women of reproductive age that significantly decreases life quality and fertility. Paeonol has been shown to play an important part in endometriosis treatments. Understanding the mechanism is critical for treating endometriosis. In this study, autologous transplantation combined with a 28 day ice water bath was used to create a rat model of endometriosis with cold clotting and blood stagnation. The levels of estradiol and progesterone in plasma were detected by ELISA, and the pathological changes of ectopic endometrial tissue were examined by H&E staining, which proved the efficacy of paeonol. For metabolomic analysis of plasma samples, UPLC-Q/TOF-MS was combined with multivariate statistical analysis to identify the influence of paeonol on small molecule metabolites relevant to endometriosis. Finally, the key targets were screened using a combination of network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. The results showed that the pathological indexes of rats were improved and returned to normal levels after treatment with paeonol, which was the basis for confirming the efficacy of paeonol. Metabolomics results identified 13 potential biomarkers, and paeonol callbacks 7 of them, involving six metabolic pathways. Finally, four key genes were found for paeonol therapy of endometriosis, and the results of molecular docking revealed a significant interaction between paeonol and the four key genes. This study was successful in establishing a rat model of endometriosis with cold coagulation and blood stagnation. GCH1, RPL8, PKLR, and MAOA were the key targets of paeonol in the treatment of endometriosis. It is also demonstrated that metabolomic techniques give the potential and environment for comprehensively understanding drug onset processes.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Endometriose , Humanos , Ratos , Feminino , Animais , Endometriose/tratamento farmacológico , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Metabolômica/métodos , Acetofenonas/análise , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the laboratory phenotype and molecular pathogenesis in a Chinese pedigree affected with Hereditary coagulation factor â « (Fâ «) deficiency. METHODS: A male proband admitted to Ningbo No.2 Hospital on July 17, 2021 due to chronic gastritis and members of his pedigree (7 individuals from three generations) were selected as the study subjects. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Fâ § activity (Fâ §: C), Fâ ¨ activity (Fâ ¨: C), Fâ ª activity (Fâ ª: C), Fâ « activity (Fâ «: C), and Fâ « antigen (Fâ «: Ag) were determined. All of the exons, exon-intronic boundaries, as well as the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of the F12 gene were subjected to Sanger sequencing. Candidate variants were verified by cloning sequencing. The effect of candidate variants on the protein function was analyzed by bioinformatics software. RESULTS: The proband, a 47-year-old male, had significantly prolonged APTT (180.0 s) and decreased Fâ «:C and Fâ «:Ag levels (< 1%). His father, mother, brother and two sons also showed certain degrees of reduction. Genetic testing revealed that the proband has harbored compound heterozygous variants of the F12 gene, namely c.1092_1093insC (p.Lys365Glnfs*69) in exon 10 and c.1792_1796delGTCTA (p.Val579Hisfs*32) in exon 14. His mother and elder son were heterozygous for the c.1092_1093ins variant, whilst his father, brother, and younger son were heterozygous for the c.1792_1796delGTCTA variant. Analysis of the promoter region of exon 1 also showed that the proband and both sons had harbored a 46T/T polymorphism, whilst other family members were 46C/T. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that the p.Val579 is a highly conserved site. Protein model analysis showed that, with the p.Val579Hisfs*32 variant, a benzene ring was added and the hydrogen bond of surrounding amino acids was changed. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the c.1792_1796delGTCTA was classified as a pathogenic variant (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PM4). CONCLUSION: The c.1092_1093insC (p.Lys365Glnfs*69) and c.1792_1796delGTCTA (p.Val579Hisfs*32) compound heterozygous variants of the F12 gene probably underlay the decreased FXII levels in this pedigree. Above finding has also enriched the mutational spectrum for Fâ « deficiency.
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População do Leste Asiático , Deficiência do Fator XII , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linhagem , Éxons , Íntrons , Família , Deficiência do Fator XII/genética , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Fator XII/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy (ET) for hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER-2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients. METHODS: We searched clinical trials of CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with ET and calculated the clinical outcomes. RESULTS: HR+/HER-2- ABC patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with ET had significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and improved objective response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR). CONCLUSIONS: CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with ET can bring more clinical benefits to ABC patients, and the safety profile is acceptable.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinase 6 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Estrogênio/uso terapêutico , Receptores de Progesterona/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
By virtue of the high theoretical capacity of Si, Si-related materials have been developed as promising anode candidates for high-energy-density batteries. During repeated charge/discharge cycling, however, severe volumetric variation induces the pulverization and peeling of active components, causing rapid capacity decay and even development stagnation in high-capacity batteries. In this study, the Si/Fe2O3-anchored rGO framework was prepared by introducing ball milling into a melt spinning and dealloying process. As the Li-ion battery (LIB) anode, it presents a high reversible capacity of 1744.5 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1 after 200 cycles and 889.4 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1 after 500 cycles. The outstanding electrochemical performance is due to the three-dimensional cross-linked porous framework with a high specific surface area, which is helpful to the transmission of ions and electrons. Moreover, with the cooperation of rGO, the volume expansion of Si is effectively alleviated, thus improving cycling stability. The work provides insights for the design and preparation of Si-based materials for high-performance LIB applications.
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Compostos Férricos/química , Grafite/química , Lítio/química , Silício/química , Fontes de Energia Elétrica , Eletrodos , Grafite/síntese química , NanoporosRESUMO
Despite calls for more research into the writing expertise of senior scientists, the literature reveals surprisingly little about the writing strategies of successful scientist writers. The present paper addresses the gap in the literature by reporting a study that investigated the note-taking strategies of an expert writer, a Chinese professor of biochemistry. Primarily based on interview data, the paper describes the expert's recontextualization (Linell, Text 18:143-157, 1998) strategies at three levels: 'accumulating writing materials' by modifying source texts, composing from 'collections' of cut-and-pasted chunks in drafting a review article, and adopting reusable citations in sources as a 'map'. It is emphasized that through repeatedly revising his paper in light of his rhetorical intentions in a new context of meaning, the expert writer would maximally recontextualize the source-based text segments and citations in the paper, averting transgressive intertextuality (Chandrasoma et al., J Lang Identity Educ 3:171-193, 2004) as a result. The paper ends by highlighting the pedagogical implications of the study for English for Professional Academic Purposes (EPAP).
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Autoria , Editoração , Ciência , Redação , Humanos , Idioma , PublicaçõesRESUMO
This project presents a quantitative detection method to identify raccoon-derived ingredient adulteration in sausage products. The specific copy gene of the raccoon was selected as the target gene. According to the specificity of its primer and probe, the quantitative detection method of raccoon microdrops by droplet digital PCR was established. In addition, the accuracy of the proposed method was verified by artificially mixed samples, and the applicability of this method was tested based on the commercially available products. The experimental results indicate that the raccoon mass (M) and raccoon-extracted DNA concentration have a good linear relationship when the sample content is 5-100 mg, and there is also a significant linear relationship between DNA content and DNA copy number (C) with R 2 = .9982. Therefore, using DNA concentration as the median signal, the conversion equation between raw raccoon mass (M) and DNA copy number (C) could be obtained as follows: M = (C + 177.403)/16.954. The detection of artificially mixed samples and commercial samples shows that the method is accurate and suitable for quantitative adulteration detection of various sausage products in the market.
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Text-based plagiarism, or copying language from sources, has recently become an issue of growing concern in scientific publishing. Use of CrossCheck (a computational text-matching tool) by journals has sometimes exposed an unexpected amount of textual similarity between submissions and databases of scholarly literature. In this paper I provide an overview of the relevant literature, to examine how journal gatekeepers perceive textual appropriation, and how automated plagiarism-screening tools have been developed to detect text matching, with the technique now available for self-check of manuscripts before submission; I also discuss issues around English as an additional language (EAL) authors and in particular EAL novices being the typical offenders of textual borrowing. The final section of the paper proposes a few educational directions to take in tackling text-based plagiarism, highlighting the roles of the publishing industry, senior authors and English for academic purposes professionals.
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Plágio , Editoração/ética , Ciência/ética , Autoria , Automação , Bases de Dados Factuais , Humanos , Idioma , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Ciência/educaçãoRESUMO
Text-based plagiarism, or textual copying, typically in the form of replicating or patchwriting sentences in a row from sources, seems to be an issue of growing concern among scientific journal editors. Editors have emphasized that senior authors (typically supervisors of science students) should take the responsibility for educating novices against text-based plagiarism. To address a research gap in the literature as to how scientist supervisors perceive the issue of textual copying and what they do in educating their students, this paper reports an interview study with 14 supervisors at a research-oriented Chinese university. The study throws light on the potentiality of senior authors mentoring novices in English as an Additional Language (EAL) contexts and has implications for the efforts that can be made in the wider scientific community to support scientists in writing against text-based plagiarism.
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Ética em Pesquisa/educação , Mentores , Plágio , Editoração/ética , Ciência/ética , Estudantes , Redação , Academias e Institutos , Autoria , China , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Idioma , Organização e Administração , UniversidadesRESUMO
This study investigates the relationship between Chinese farmers' propensity to adopt environment-friendly practices and their membership in cooperatives. Based on data collected in 2021 from the Fujian China Household Survey, the Endogenous Switching Probit model (ESP) is applied to account for unobserved factors that could simultaneously affect farmers' cooperative membership and their willingness to adopt environment-friendly practices. First, the results indicate that a cooperative membership has a positive impact on the level of farmers' interest in green production practices. Second, there is evidence of some heterogeneity (based on both observable and unobservable characteristics) in the impact of cooperative membership; the higher the farmers' capital returns, the more prominent the role of cooperatives in guiding these farmers. Third, participation in cooperatives is conducive to raising farmers' interest in green production. The overall conclusion is that a cooperative membership raises the Chinese farmers' willingness to adopt environment-friendly practices.
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Designing a novel photocatalytic composite for the efficient degradation of organic dyes remains a serious challenge. Herein, the multi-layered Co3O4@NP-CuO photocatalyst with unique features, i.e., the self-supporting, hierarchical porous network as well as the construction of heterojunction between Co3O4 and CuO, are synthesized by dealloying-electrodeposition and subsequent thermal treatment techniques. It is found that the interwoven ultrathin Co3O4 nanopetals evenly grow on the nanoporous CuO network (Co3O4@NP-CuO). The three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous structure for the catalyst provides more surface area to act as active sites and facilitates the absorption of visible light in the photodegradation reaction. Compared with the commercial CuO and Co3O4 powders, the newly designed Co3O4@NP-CuO composite exhibits superior photodegradation performance for RhB. The enhanced performance is mainly due to the construction of heterojunction of Co3O4/CuO, greatly promoting the efficient carrier separation for photocatalysis. Furthermore, the possible photocatalytic mechanism is analyzed in detail. This work provides a promising strategy for the fabrication of a new controllable heterojunction to improve photocatalytic activity.
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(1) Background: Sheath blight is one of the most economically significant rice diseases worldwide. A study was conducted in order to find the relationship and impact of the amount of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) application on the hybrid rice population microclimate and the severity of sheath blight. (2) Methods: Four N and four P application levels were used to determine their impact on plant type, temperature, and humidity variation in different positions of population and the severity of sheath blight in the later stage. (3) Results: We found that N and P application levels could affect the plant type and change the population temperature and humidity by increasing the leaf length and leaf angle. (4) Conclusions: N application had a more significant (p < 0.05) impact on the plant type. High N application caused decreased temperature (hybrid rice population), while increased humidity (especially the population base layer at grain filling stage) resulted in severe sheath blight. High P application had similar impacts; however, P application increased material and nitrogen transport in plants and reduced the severity of sheath blight.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to observe the effects of active vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance and islet ß-cell function (HOMA-ß) in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (NDCKD). METHODS: A total of 134 patients with NDCKD who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the prospective controlled study and categorized as such: 60 patients in the non-dialysis (ND) group; 36, hemodialysis (HD) group; and 38, peritoneal dialysis (PD) group. Each group was divided into two equal-numbered subgroups for vitamin D supplementation. Those in the experimental subgroups received calcitriol 0.5 ug/day orally, and were followed-up for 6 months. A total of 117 patients were followed-up, including 57 patients in the ND group; 29, HD group; and 31, PD group. Changes in the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and HOMA-ß index were calculated and compared at the time of enrollment and after 1, 3, and 6 months of intervention. RESULTS: (1) Mean HOMA-IR value: In the ND group, mean HOMA-IR value of the experimental group significantly decreased compared with that of the control group after 3 months of intervention (P = 0.02). In the HD and PD groups, there was no statistical difference between the experimental and control groups (P > 0.05). (2) Mean HOMA-ß index: In the ND group, mean HOMA-ß index of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group after 1 month of active vitamin D treatment (P = 0.03), and, with an extended intervention time, the index gradually increased (P < 0.001). In the HD group, mean HOMA-ß index of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group after 3 months of active vitamin D treatment (P = 0.01). Among PD patients, mean HOMA-ß index of the patients in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group after 6 months of active vitamin D treatment (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Active vitamin D supplementation improved insulin resistance and HOMA-ß after 6 months in ND patients, but only improved HOMA-ß in the dialysis patients, with no significant effect on insulin resistance.
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Nefropatias Diabéticas , Resistência à Insulina , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Glicemia , Humanos , Insulina , Estudos Prospectivos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Vitamina D/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus(HBV) X gene on the expression of SPG21. METHODS: The expressions of SPG21 mRNA and protein in HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells were tested by RT-PCR and western blot. HepG2 cells were co-transfected with reporter plasmid pGL3-SPG21 and plasmids carrying individual genes of HBV, the luciferase activity was measured and the expressions of SPG21 were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS: The expressions of SPG21 mRNA and protein were higher in HepG2.2.15 cells than in HepG2 cells (0.36+/-0.06 vs 0.21+/-0.05, P value is less than 0.05). The activity of SPG21 in HepG2 cells transfected with pCMV-X was higher (875+/-27 vs 67+/-12, P value is less than 0.01) as compared to blank control group (transfected with pCMV-tag2B). HBV X gene enhanced SPG21 gene promoter activity, SPG21 mRNA expression and SPG21 protein production in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: HBV X gene can specially activate SPG21 expression.
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Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Transativadores/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , DNA Viral/genética , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Transfecção , Proteínas Virais Reguladoras e AcessóriasRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the nucleic acid and antibody test results of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. METHODS: All patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from Jan to Apr 2020were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics and laboratory test results were obtained from electronic medical records. Patients were divided into three groups based on antibody production, and compared for laboratory test results. RESULTS: Of 73 patients aged11-82 years, 12 (16.4%), 28 (38.4%), 25 (34.2%) and 8 (11.0%)were ≤ 30, 31-50, 51-70,and ≥ 71 years old, respectively. Thirty-four (46.6%) patients were male. Most individuals had mild symptoms, and no patient died during treatment. All patients were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in sputum and nasopharyngeal samples, and 40 (54.8%) were also tested positive in stool. Nine(12.3%) patients were re-positivefor SARS-CoV-2, as assessed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) after discharge. Sixty-five (89.0%) patients had IgM or IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.Among the four age groups, there was no difference in IgG antibody production (P = 0.664).CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19 cell counts between the antibody producing and non-producing groups showed no significant differences (all P > 0.05).The antibodies disappeared within two months in four patients. Lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, IL-6, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine and D-Dimer levels were similar in the three groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients after recovery from COVID-19 can be tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.Some patients may produce antibodies only for a short time, or even no antibodies at all.
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Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19 , Teste Sorológico para COVID-19 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , SARS-CoV-2 , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
To improve glucose electrocatalytic performance, one efficient manner is to develop a novel Cu-Ag bimetallic composite with fertile porosity and unique architecture. Herein, the self-supported electrode with CuxO/Ag2O (x = 1, 2) nanowires grown in-situ on a nanoporous Cu-Ag network (CuxO/Ag2O@NP-CuAg) has been successfully designed by a facile two-step approach. The integrated hierarchical porous structure, the tip-converged CuxO/Ag2O nanowires combined with the interconnected porous conductive substrate, are favorable to provide more reactive sites and improve ions or electrons transportation. Compared with monometallic Cu2O nanowires integrated with nanoporous Cu matrix (Cu2O@NP-Cu), the bimetallic CuxO/Ag2O@NP-CuAg composites exhibit the enhanced electrocatalytic performance for glucose. Moreover, the higher sensitivity of ~1.49 mA mM-1 cm-2 in conjunction with a wider linear range of 17 mM for the CuxO/Ag2O@NP-CuAg electrode anodized for 10 min are attributed to the synergistic effect of porous structure and bimetallic CuxO/Ag2O nanowires. Particularly, the integrated CuxO/Ag2O@NP-CuAg composites possess good flexibility, which has been reported for the first time. Accordingly, the CuxO/Ag2O@NP-CuAg with excellent glucose electrocatalytic performance and good flexibility is promising to further develop as a candidate electrode material of glucose sensors.
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BACKGROUND: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have made unprecedented progress in the treatment of cancer. METHODS: A systemic search was conducted for randomized controlled trials that compared PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy or combination therapy with nonimmunotherapy. Hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS) according to the sex, age, ECOG PS, smoking status, liver metastasis, PD-L1 expression, EGFR, and KRAS status of patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Totally, 13 studies with monotherapy and 5 with combination regimens were included, and the pooled HRs of OS were 0.74 (P < 0.001) and 0.64 (P < 0.001), respectively. EGFR wild-type patients could benefit from immunotherapy monotherapy (HR, 0.77; P < 0.001) while those of the mutant type had no survival benefit (HR, 1.11; P = 0.54), and the difference was statistically significant (interaction, P = 0.005). KRAS wild-type patients had no survival benefit from monotherapy (HR, 0.89; P = 0.49). For combination therapy, both male and female derived benefits but female had a significantly reduced risk of death (HR, 0.45; P < 0.001) compared with male (HR, 0.73; P < 0.001; interaction, P = 0.004). Nonsmokers derived more survival benefits from combination therapy (HR, 0.29; P < 0.001) than smokers (HR, 0.63; P = 0.001; interaction, P = 0.02). No significant difference was found between age, ECOG PS, liver metastasis, PD-L1 expression, and OS of both PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Both PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy significantly prolonged the OS of patients with advanced malignant tumors. EGFR status for monotherapy and sex and smoking status for combination therapy were important predictors of survival benefits.
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Neoplasias/mortalidade , Neoplasias/patologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inibidores , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/etiologia , Prognóstico , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
With the advantages of excellent theoretical specific capacity and specific energy, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is regarded as one of promising energy storage systems. However, poor conductivity and shuttle effect of intermediate electrochemical reaction products limit its application. As good sulfur carriers, porous carbon materials can effectively remit these shortcomings. In this paper, a combination of a hydrothermal KOH activation and successive pyrolysis of biomass reed flowers is proposed to prepare a bimodal porous carbon (BPC) material with high specific surface area (1712.6 m2 g-1). The as-obtained low-cost BPC/S cathodes exhibit excellent cycling performance (908 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C after 100 cycles), good rate capability and cyclability (663 mAh g-1 at 1 C after 1000 cycles), as well as a high areal capacity (6.6 mAh cm-2 at 0.1 C after 50 cycles with a sulfur loading of 8.3 mg cm-2). Such excellent electrochemical performance was mainly ascribed to a specific bimodal porous structure with high specific surface area and plenty spaces for sulfur impregnating, which significantly reduces the escape of polysulfides during cycling and guarantees a good cycling stability. Moreover, the secondary class pores (mesopores and micropores) of the material offer plenty of small channels to improve the electronic and ionic transfer rate and, consequently, to enhance the rate capability. The as-synthesized BPC material presents a great potential as a sulfur carrier material for Li-S battery applications. In this work, we also demonstrate a simple route to develop low-cost carbon materials derived from renewable biomass which may expand and promote their use in energy storage applications.