Sleep deprivation induces late deleterious effects in a pharmacological model of Parkinsonism.

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative, chronic and progressive disease, characterized by motor dysfunctions. Patients also exhibit non-motor symptoms, such as affective and sleep disorders. Sleep disorders can potentiate clinical and neuropathological features and lead to worse prognosis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) in mice submitted to a progressive pharmacological model of Parkinsonism (chronic administration with a low dose of reserpine). Male Swiss mice received 20 injections of reserpine (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle, on alternate days. SD was applied before or during reserpine treatment and was performed by gentle handling for 6 h per day for 10 consecutive days. Animals were submitted to motor and non-motor behavioral assessments and neurochemical evaluations. Locomotion was increased by SD and decreased by reserpine treatment. SD during treatment delayed the onset of catalepsy, but SD prior to treatment potentiated reserpine-induced catalepsy. Thus, although SD induced an apparent beneficial effect on motor parameters, a delayed deleterious effect on alterations induced by reserpine was found. In the object recognition test, both SD and reserpine treatment produced cognitive deficits. In addition, the association between SD and reserpine induced anhedonic-like behavior. Finally, an increase in oxidative stress was found in hippocampus of mice subjected to SD, and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was reduced in substantia nigra of reserpine-treated animals. Results point to a possible late effect of SD, aggravating the deficits in mice submitted to the reserpine progressive model of PD.

Validation of a histology e-book for the teaching-learning process at the university level.

Histology is a science fundamental for life and health undergraduate courses. During its teaching and learning process, digital books (e-books) stand out by offering students more contact time with theoretical-practical content; however, the reliability of these must be examined. Therefore, this study aimed to validate an e-book, Histologia interativa: roteiros de estudos (interactive histology: study guide) for teaching and learning histology at the university level. A methodological validation study was performed, in which the data were collected by filling out an online form regarding the qualities from experts and about the review of the e-book's content. Seven experts participated in the study, the majority of them working as professors at universities in the morphofunction field. The content validity indices for item (I-CVI) and scale (S-CVI) were calculated. Values≥0.78 for I-CVI and≥0.90 for S-CVI/AVE were considered to have excellent content validity. Only two (6.06%) of 33 items did not achieve acceptable I-CVI values. Overall, S-CVI/AVE obtained a value of 0.955. In conclusion, the e-book evaluation has sufficient structural- and criterion-related validity. Furthermore, despite the experts' suggestions, they favored the use of the e-book in the teaching and learning of histology at the university level.

Standardization of a molecular method for epidemiologic identification of Leishmania strains.

Molecular studies of the evolutionary relationships among Leishmania species suggest the presence of high genetic variation within this genus, which has a direct effect on public health in many countries. The coexistence of species in a particular region can result in different leishmaniasis clinical forms and treatment responses. We aimed to standardize the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for molecular epidemiological identification of Leishmania strains, and estimate existing inter-strain genomic differences and kDNA signatures using this technique. ERIC-PCR of genomic DNA revealed genetic polymorphisms between species, although some strains shared many DNA fragments. Leishmania guyanensis, L. amazonensis, and L. braziliensis clustered together in a dendrogram with similarities ranging from 42.0 to 61.0%, whereas L. chagasi grouped with these three species with a similarity of 28.0%. After amplification of kDNA, 780-bp bands were extracted from an agarose gel and purified for analysis of its genetic signature. kDNA ERIC-PCR electrophoretic patterns consisted of 100- to 600- bp fragments. Using these profiles, L. braziliensis and L. guyanensis grouped with a similarity of 26.0%, and L. amazonensis and L. chagasi clustered based on a similarity of 100%. The electrophoretic profiles and dendrograms showed that, for epidemiological identification by ERIC-PCR, genomic DNA had greater discriminatory power than kDNA did. More strains need to be analyzed to validate the kDNA ERIC-PCR method. The genomes of these strains should be sequenced for better epidemiological identification of Leishmania species.

Genes related to high temperature tolerance during maize seed germination.

The identification of genes related to heat tolerance is fundamental for the development of high-quality seeds that are tolerant to heat stress condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate maize lineages and the gene expression involved in high temperature tolerance during germination using physiological tests, proteomics, and transcriptome analysis. Seeds from six maize lineages (30, 44, 54, 63, 64, and 91) with different levels of tolerance to high temperatures were used. Lineages 54 and 91 were observed to be more tolerant to high temperature conditions. The highest expression of α-amylase was observed in maize seeds from lineages 30 and 91 that were subjected to controlled deterioration. The highest expression of α-amylase was observed in maize seeds from lineages 30 and 91 that were subjected to controlled deterioration; with the controlled deterioration, the highest level of gene expression did not occur in the most tolerant materials; the association of lower expression of genes involved in heat-resistant protein systems was observed in seeds from lineage 44, which were more susceptible to high temperatures, and the highest gene expression of LEA D-34, ZmAN13, and AOX-1 was observed in seeds from lineage 64 when submitted to controlled deterioration.

Manufacturing ceramic bricks with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) sludge from a water treatment plant.

The objective of this research work is to assess the viability of manufacturing ceramic bricks with sludge from a water treatment plant (WTP) for use in real-world applications. Sludge was collected from settling tanks at the Bolonha WTP, which is located in Belém, capital of the state of Pará, Brazil. After dewatering in drainage beds, sludge was added to the clay at a local brickworks at different mass percentages (7.6, 9.0, 11.7, 13.9 and 23.5%). Laboratory tests were performed on the bricks to assess their resistance to compression, water absorption, dimensions and visual aspects. Percentages of 7.6, 9.0, 11.7 and 13.9% (w/w) of WTP sludge presented good results in terms of resistance, which indicates that technically, ceramic bricks can be produced by incorporating up to 13.9% of WTP sludge.

Hyptis pectinata: redox protection and orofacial antinociception.

Hyptis pectinata L. Poit, known as 'sambacaitá', is used in Brazil to treat inflammatory and painful disorders. In this study, the antioxidant and orofacial antinociceptive properties of the aqueous extract of H. pectinata leaves (AEPH) were assessed using in vitro and in vivo models. Thus, AEPH reduced the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical up to 72.10% with an EC50 of 14.56 µg/ml. It also inhibited 40.80% of the lipoperoxidation induced by 2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay. The orofacial antinociceptive activity was evaluated in mice pre-treated with AEPH (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), which received afterwards formalin- (20 µl, 2% solution, s.c.), glutamate- (40 µl, 25 mM, s.c.) and capsaicin- (20 µl, 2.5 µg, s.c.) to induce orofacial nociception. AEPH at all doses reduced (p < 0.001) the nociceptive response in the first (43-62%) and second (47-80%) phases of the formalin test. Besides, the effect of AEPH (400 mg/kg) was not changed in the presence of naloxone (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.), an opioid antagonist. AEPH significantly inhibited mice face rubbing for capsaicin (23-69%, p < 0.05) and glutamate (48-77%, p < 0.001) at all doses. The findings suggested the AEPH has peripheral and central antinociceptive activities, which are not related to opioid receptors.

Thermoelectric properties of topological chains coupled to a quantum dot.

Topological one-dimensional superconductors can sustain zero energy modes protected by different kinds of symmetries in their extremities. Observing these excitations in the form of Majorana fermions is one of the most intensive quests in condensed matter physics. We are interested in another class of one-dimensional topological systems in this work, namely topological insulators. Which present symmetry-protected end modes with robust properties and do not require the low temperatures necessary for topological superconductivity. We consider a device in the form of a single electron transistor coupled to the simplest kind of topological insulators, namely chains of atoms with hybridized sp orbitals. We study the thermoelectric properties of the device in the trivial, non-trivial topological phases and at the quantum topological transition of the chains. We show that the device's electrical conductance and the Wiedemann-Franz ratio at the topological transition have universal values at very low temperatures. The conductance and thermopower of the device with diatomic sp-chains, at their topological transition, give direct evidence of fractional charges in the system. The former has an anomalous low-temperature behavior, attaining a universal value that is a consequence of the double degeneracy of the system due to the presence of zero energy modes. On the other hand, the system can be tuned to exhibit high values of the thermoelectric figure of merit and the power factor at high temperatures.

Improving the Performance of Paper-Based Dipole Antennas by Electromagnetic Flux Concentration.

One of the essential issues in modern advanced materials science is to design and manufacture flexible devices, in particular in the framework of the Internet of Things (IoT), to improve integration into applications. An antenna is an essential component of wireless communication modules and, in addition to flexibility, compact dimensions, printability, low cost, and environmentally friendlier production strategies, also represent relevant functional challenges. Concerning the antenna's performance, the optimization of the reflection coefficient and maximum range remain the key goals. In this context, this work reports on screen-printed paper@Ag-based antennas and optimizes their functional properties, with improvements in the reflection coefficient (S11) from -8 to -56 dB and maximum transmission range from 208 to 256 m, with the introduction of a PVA-Fe3O4@Ag magnetoactive layer into the antenna's structure. The incorporated magnetic nanostructures allow the optimization of the functional features of antennas with possible applications ranging from broadband arrays to portable wireless devices. In parallel, the use of printing technologies and sustainable materials represents a step toward more sustainable electronics.

Sub-lethal levels of amyloid ß-peptide oligomers decrease non-transferrin-bound iron uptake and do not potentiate iron toxicity in primary hippocampal neurons.

Two major lesions are pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD): the presence of neurofibrillary tangles formed by intracellular aggregates of the hyperphosphorylated form of the cytoskeletal tau protein, and of senile plaques composed of extracellular aggregates of amyloid beta (Aß) peptide. Current hypotheses regard soluble amyloid beta oligomers (AßOs) as pathological causative agents in AD. These aggregates cause significant calcium deregulation and mediate neurotoxicity by disrupting synaptic activity. Additionally, the presence of high concentrations of metal ions such as copper, zinc, aluminum and iron in neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, plus the fact that they accelerate the rate of formation of Aß fibrils and AßOs in vitro, suggests that accumulation of these metals in the brain is relevant to AD pathology. A common cellular response to AßOs and transition metals such as copper and iron is the generation of oxidative stress, with the ensuing damage to cellular components. Using hippocampal neurons in primary culture, we report here the effects of treatment with AßOs on the (+)IRE and (-)IRE mRNA levels of the divalent metal transporter DMT1. We found that non-lethal AßOs concentrations decreased DMT1 (-)IRE without affecting DMT1 (+)IRE mRNA levels, and inhibited non-transferrin bound iron uptake. In addition, since both iron and AßOs induce oxidative damage, we studied whether their neurotoxic effects are synergistic. In the range of concentrations and times used in this study, AßOs did not potentiate iron-induced cell death while iron chelation did not decrease AßOs-induced cell death. The lack of synergism between iron and AßOs suggests that these two neurotoxic agents converge in a common target, which initiates signaling processes that promote neurodegeneration.

Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor 1 expression in odontogenic cystic lesions.

AIM: To evaluate parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor 1 (PTHR1) expression in odontogenic cystic lesions and to compare immunoexpression between the lesions. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-five radicular cysts, 22 dentigerous cysts and 17 keratocystic odontogenic tumours were evaluated. Immunohistochemical reactions against PHTR1 were carried out in 3-µm histological sections, and the expression and the intensity of PTHR1 expression were evaluated. For statistical analysis, the Fisher exact test was used, with a significance of 5%. RESULTS: The intensity of expression in the epithelial lining was significantly weaker in the radicular cyst (P = 0.007). However, in the fibrous capsule, the radicular cyst presented higher positivity for PTHR1 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The probable co-expression of PTHrP and PTHR1 in odontogenic cystic lesions may eventually have an autocrine and/or paracrine stimulus in the epithelial and mesenchymal cells, inducing proliferation and lesion growth.

The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine prevents the mitochondrial fragmentation induced by soluble amyloid-ß peptide oligomers.

BACKGROUND: Soluble amyloid-ß peptide oligomers (AßOs), which are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, trigger Ca(2+) influx through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and stimulate reactive oxygen species generation in primary hippocampal neurons. We have previously reported that AßOs promote Ca(2+) release mediated by ryanodine receptors (RyR), which in turn triggers mitochondrial fragmentation. We have also reported that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevents AßOs-induced Ca(2+) signal generation. OBJECTIVES: To determine if RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release activated by the specific agonist 4-chloro-m-cresol (4-CMC) induces fragmentation of the mitochondrial network, and to ascertain if NAC prevents the mitochondrial fragmentation induced by AßOs and/or 4-CMC. METHODS: Mature primary rat hippocampal neurons were incubated for 24 h with sublethal concentrations of AßOs (500 nM) or for 1-3 h with 4-CMC (0.5-1 mM), ± 10 mM NAC. Mitochondrial morphology was assessed by confocal microscopy of fixed neurons stained with anti-mHsp70. Intracellular Ca(2+) levels were determined by time series microscopy of neurons preloaded with Fluo-4 AM. RESULTS: Preincubation of neurons for 30 min with NAC prevented the mitochondrial fragmentation induced by AßOs or 4-CMC. In addition, we confirmed that preincubation with NAC abolished the stimulation of RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release induced by AßOs or 4-CMC. CONCLUSION: The present results strongly suggest that the general antioxidant NAC prevents AßO-induced mitochondrial fragmentation by preventing RyR-mediated Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release.

Temporal evolution of exposure to mercury in riverside communities in the Tapajós basin, from 1994 to 2010.

Our objective was to evaluate the temporal evolution of mercury exposure in two riverside communities, Barreiras and São Luiz do Tapajós, downstream of gold mining areas in the Tapajós basin, Brazilian Amazon. The quantification of mercury in hair sample was made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the period between 1994 and 2010. In São Luiz do Tapajós the mercury exposure varied, in log units, from the peak of 1.21 ± 0.03 µg/g in 1996 to 1.16 ± 0.07 µg/g in 2007. Mercury exposure in Barreiras varied, in log units, from 1.25 ± 0.04 µg/g in 1994 to 1 ± 0.03 µg/g in 2010, peaking in 1995 at 1.25 ± 0.06 µg/g. Total mercury concentration found in both communities had no statistical differences across the years (p > 0.05) and they were higher than non-mercury exposed communities in Brazil and in South America. We concluded that the mercury exposure in the Tapajós basin is more than regulatory levels or higher than the general population.

Greener Solvent-Based Processing of Magnetoelectric Nanocomposites.

Polymer-based magnetoelectric (ME) nanocomposites are an enabling material technology for a wide range of applications in the area of digitalization strategies. Due to its highest piezoelectric response among polymers, poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) is the piezoelectric matrix most used in polymer-based ME materials with over 80% of the total reports, with the resulting composites typically processed from solutions with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), a toxic solvent. Nevertheless, environmentally friendlier approaches and sustainable technologies are increasingly being required. This work demonstrates that P(VDF-TrFE)/Co2Fe2O4 nanocomposites can be successfully prepared from solution using three different environmentally friendlier solvents: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N'-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU), and triethyl phosphate (TEP) with different dipole moments. It is shown that the prepared composite films, with a maximum ME voltage coefficient of 35 mV cm-1 Oe-1 and a maximum sensitivity of 2.2 mV T-1, are suitable for applications, highlighting the path for a new generation of more sustainable ME sensors.

Ferulic acid as major antioxidant phenolic compound of the Tetragonisca angustula honey collected in Vera Cruz - Itaparica Island, Bahia, Brazil.

The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH● assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS●+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.

Magnetic materials: a journey from finding north to an exciting printed future.

The potential implications/applications of printing technologies are being recognized worldwide across different disciplines and industries. Printed magnetoactive smart materials, whose physical properties can be changed by the application of external magnetic fields, are an exclusive class of smart materials that are highly valuable due to their magnetically activated smart and/or multifunctional response. Such smart behavior allows, among others, high speed and low-cost wireless activation, fast response, and high controllability with no relevant limitations in design, shape, or dimensions. Nevertheless, the printing of magnetoactive materials is still in its infancy, and the design apparatus, the material set, and the fabrication procedures are far from their optimum features. Thus, this review presents the main concepts that allow interconnecting printing technologies with magnetoactive materials by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of this joint field, trying to highlight the scientific obstacles that still limit a wider application of these materials nowadays. Additionally, it discusses how these limitations could be overcome, together with an outlook of the remaining challenges in the emerging digitalization, Internet of Things, and Industry 4.0 paradigms. Finally, as magnetoactive materials will play a leading role in energy generation and management, the magnetic-based Green Deal is also addressed.

First record of Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1865) (Chiroptera, Molossidae) from Maranhão state, Brazil, based on morphological and molecular data.

Based on morphological and molecular data, we present the first record of Cynomops planirostris for the State of Maranhão. The specimen was collected in the Inhamum Municipal Environmental Protection Area in Maranhão, Brazil and characterized morphologically as an adult male with scrotal testicles, dorsal pelage reddish chestnut, with ventral pelage slightly lighter in color, forearm length 34.70-34.80mm dental formula i:1/1, c:1/1, pm:1/2, m:3/3 = 26. The sequence of the Cytochrome Oxidase I subunit (COI) molecular marker confirmed the morphological diagnosis of the specimen as C. planirostris with significant similarities. The combined analysis of both morphological and molecular confirmed the occurrence of C. planirostris in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, in the Cerrado biome and records extends the known geographic distribution of the species by 411.30 km.

Ferulic acid as major antioxidant phenolic compound of the Tetragonisca angustula honey collected in Vera Cruz - Itaparica Island, Bahia, Brazil / Ácido ferúlico como principal composto fenólico antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula coletado em Vera Cruz - Ilha de Itaparica, Bahia, Brasil

Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH● assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS●+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.

Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH● e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS●+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.

Ferulic acid as major antioxidant phenolic compound of the Tetragonisca angustula honey collected in Vera Cruz - Itaparica Island, Bahia, Brazil

Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.

Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.

Estimation of peacock bass (Cichla spp.) mortality rate during catch-release fishing employing different post-capture procedures.

The effect of catch-and-release fishing on the survival of peacock bass (Cichla spp.) was evaluated by comparing two types of artificial bait (jig and shallow-diver plugs) and two types of post-catch confinement. Two experiments were conducted during the periods January-February and October-November 2012 in the Unini River, a right-bank tributary of the Negro River. In total, 191 peacock bass were captured. Both groups of fish were subjected to experimental confinement (collective and individual) for three days. Additionally, 11 fish were tagged with radio transmitters for telemetry monitoring. Mortality rate was estimated as the percentage of dead individuals for each type of bait and confinement. For peacock bass caught with jig baits, mortality was zero. The corresponding figure for shallow-diver bait was 1.66% for fish in collective containment, 18.18% for fish monitored by telemetry and 0% for individuals confined individually. Our results show low post-release mortality rates for peacock bass. Furthermore, neither the type of confinement nor the type of bait had a statistically significant influence on mortality rates. While future studies could include other factors in the analysis, our results show that catch-and-release fishing results in low mortality rates.

First record of Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1865) (Chiroptera, Molossidae) from Maranhão state, Brazil, based on morphological and molecular data / Primeiro registro de Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1865) (Chiroptera, Molossidae) para o Estado do Maranhão, com base em dados morfológicos e moleculares

Abstract Based on morphological and molecular data, we present the first record of Cynomops planirostris for the State of Maranhão. The specimen was collected in the Inhamum Municipal Environmental Protection Area in Maranhão, Brazil and characterized morphologically as an adult male with scrotal testicles, dorsal pelage reddish chestnut, with ventral pelage slightly lighter in color, forearm length 34.70-34.80mm dental formula i:1/1, c:1/1, pm:1/2, m:3/3 = 26. The sequence of the Cytochrome Oxidase I subunit (COI) molecular marker confirmed the morphological diagnosis of the specimen as C. planirostris with significant similarities. The combined analysis of both morphological and molecular confirmed the occurrence of C. planirostris in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, in the Cerrado biome and records extends the known geographic distribution of the species by 411.30 km.

Resumo Com base em dados morfológicos e moleculares apresenta-se o primeiro registro de Cynomops planirostris para o Estado do Maranhão. O espécime foi coletado na Área de Proteção Ambiental Municipal do Inhamum, no Maranhão, Brasil e caracterizado morfologicamente como um macho adulto com testículos escrotal, coloração da pelagem dorsal castanho avermelhado, pelagem ventral levemente mais clara, comprimento do antebraço variando de 34,70-34,80mm, fórmula dentária: i:1/1, c:1/1, pm:1/2, m:3/3=26. A sequência do marcador molecular Citocromo Oxidase subunidade I (COI) confirmou a diagnose morfológica do espécime com C. planirostris com significante similaridade. A combinação dos dados morfológicos e moleculares confirmou a ocorrência da espécie C. planirostris para o estado brasileiro do Maranhão, no bioma Cerrado e registra a distribuição geográfica da espécie em 411.30 Km.