Peri-implant bone loss around posterior mandible dental implants placed after distraction osteogenesis: preliminary findings.

BACKGROUND: The present study evaluates implant survival and peri-implant bone loss around posterior mandible dental implants placed at sites of distraction osteogenesis. METHODS: On removal of the distraction devices, 34 dental implants were inserted into 14 posterior mandible sites in 10 healthy, non-smoking female patients. Prosthetic treatment was performed 4 months after implant placement using fixed implant prostheses. After 6 to 16.5 months, periapical radiographs were taken and evaluated for peri-implant bone loss and radiolucency. The distance between the implant margin and the first visible bone-implant contact was measured on the mesial and distal aspects of the implants using imaging software. Radiographic dimensional distortion was corrected as a function of the known true dimension of the implant. RESULTS: Of the 34 implants placed, two (5.9%) failed to integrate at reentry surgery. Both were replaced and restored during the course of the study so that a total of 34 implants was followed for 12.1 +/- 3.8 months post-restoration and 16.1 +/- 3.8 months post-insertion. Mean loss of marginal bone height was 2.6 +/- 1.0 mm. During the follow-up period, radiolucent lines along the implant surface were absent. CONCLUSIONS: The mean peri-implant bone loss in areas of alveolar bone distraction was 1.9 mm/year. A high implant survival rate was observed.

Influence of rinsing and expectoration after toothbrushing on fluoride dose and ingested amount by use of conventional and children's fluoride dentifrices.

The purpose of this study was to assess the amount of ingested fluoride and the fluoride dose to which children are subjected during toothbrushing with a conventional dentifrice (1500 ppm F) and a children's dentifrice with special flavor (1100 ppm F) and evaluate the influence of rinsing and expectoration after brushing. Six brushings followed by 6 residue collections (3 per dentifrice) were performed by 42 Brazilian children (aged 20 to 30 months). The concentration of fluoride in the residues and dentifrices was determined. The amount ingested was obtained by the difference principal. 64.3% of the children did not expectorate or rinse after brushing. For both toothpastes, no significant difference was found for fluoride doses comparing children that rinsed to those that did not rinse (p > or = 0.05). When children's toothpaste was used, children who did not expectorate were exposed to a higher dose than those who did expectorate (p = 0.032). The same was not observed when conventional toothpaste (p = 0.081) was used. In conclusion, rinsing and expectoration after brushing had no influence on the dose of fluoride to which children were exposed by use of the dentifrices. However, expectoration was directly associated to the fluoride dose when the children's dentifrice was used.

Fluoride intake by Brazilian children from two communities with fluoridated water.

OBJECTIVES: To determine total daily fluoride intake by young children from two communities in a developing country. METHODS: Fluoride intake from diet and dentifrice was determined for 71 Brazilian children, aged 19-38 months, living in two communities with fluoridated water (0.6-0.8 ppm). The children from Piracicaba attended a full-time day care centre but those from Ibiá did not. Fluoride ingested during tooth brushing was determined, and 'duplicate-plate' samples of all foods and beverages ingested during a 2-day period were collected from which fluoride for analysis was extracted by hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) microdiffusion. The amount of fluoride ingested (mg F/kg body weight/day) from the diet and dentifrice and the combined fluoride intake were calculated. A limit of 0.05-0.07 mg F/kg body weight/day was considered as the safe threshold for fluoride exposure. RESULTS: The children from Ibiá had lower amounts of fluoride in their diets than those from Piracicaba (P < 0.05); no differences in the amount of fluoride ingested from dentifrice were found between the communities. In both communities, the daily fluoride intake from dentifrice was higher than that from the diet (P < 0.05). Most of the children from both communities were exposed to a combined dose (diet + dentifrice) of fluoride above the risk threshold for dental fluorosis. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that fluoride intake from diet depends on living conditions, and measures should be implemented to reduce the fluoride intake of these Brazilian children.

Influence of rinsing and expectoration after toothbrushing on fluoride dose and ingested amount by use of conventional and children's fluoride dentifrices

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a quantidade de fluoreto ingerido e a dose a que crianças estão expostas através do uso de dentifrício convencional (1500 ppmF) e infantil com sabor especial (1100 ppmF) e avaliar a influência do enxágüe e expectoração pós-escovação. Realizaram-se 6 escovações (3 com cada dentifrício) e coletas dos seus resíduos, em 42 crianças de 20 a 30 meses de idade, residentes em Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Determinou-se a concentração de fluoreto nos resíduos coletados e dentifrícios utilizados. Pelo princípio da diferença foi obtida a quantidade ingerida. 64,3% das crianças não realizaram a expectoração e o enxágüe. Quando comparada a dose com o fato da criança ter feito enxágüe ou não, nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada (p³0,05), independentemente do tipo de dentifrício. Quando usado o dentifrício infantil, as crianças que não expectoraram estavam expostas a uma dose superior às que expectoraram (p=0,032), o mesmo não foi observado com o uso do dentifrício convencional (p=0,081). Conclui-se que o enxágüe e a expectoração pós-escovação não tiveram influência sobre a dose de fluoreto a que as crianças estavam expostas pelo uso do dentifrício. Entretanto, no caso do dentifrício infantil, a expectoração esteve diretamente associada à dose.