Ibrutinib Modulates Proliferation, Migration, Mitochondrial Homeostasis, and Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells.

Ibrutinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with a broad spectrum of action, has been successfully explored to treat hematological and solid cancers. Herein, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of Ibrutinib on melanoma cell lines. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell proliferation, and cell cycle stages were determined by flow cytometry. LDH release and Caspase 3/7 activity were determined by colorimetric and luminescent assays, respectively. Cell migration was evaluated by wound scratch assay. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of melanoma clinical samples was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). MTT assays showed that Ibrutinib is toxic for MeWo, SK-MEL-28, and WM164 cells. The annexin V/PI staining, Caspase 3/7 activity, and LDH release in MeWo cells revealed that apoptosis is the primary mechanism of death caused by Ibrutinib. Corroborating such observation, we identified that Ibrutinib treatment impairs the mitochondrial membrane potential of such cells and significantly increases the transcriptional levels of the pro-apoptotic factors ATM, HRK, BAX, BAK, CASP3, and CASP8. Furthermore, Ibrutinib showed antimetastatic potential by inhibiting the migration of MeWo cells. Finally, we performed a functional enrichment analysis and identified that the differential expression of Ibrutinib-target molecules is associated with enrichment of apoptosis and necrosis pathways in melanoma samples. Taken together, our results clearly suggest that Ibrutinib can be successfully explored as an effective therapeutic approach for melanomas.

Ibrutinib topical delivery for melanoma treatment: The effect of nanostructured lipid carriers' composition on the controlled drug skin deposition.

Melanoma is responsible for more than 80% of deaths related to skin diseases. Ibrutinib (IBR), a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been proposed to treat this type of tumor. However, its low solubility, extensive first-pass effect, and severe adverse reactions with systemic administration affect therapeutic success. This study proposes developing and comparing the performance of two compositions of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to load IBR for the topical management of melanomas in their early stages. Initially, the effectiveness of IBR on melanoma proliferation was evaluated in vitro, and the results confirmed that the drug reduces the viability of human melanoma cells by inducing apoptosis at a dose that does not compromise dermal cells. Preformulation tests were then conducted to characterize the physical compatibility between the drug and the selected components used in NLCs preparation. Sequentially, two lipid compositions were used to develop the NLCs. Formulations were then characterized and subjected to in vitro release and permeation tests on porcine skin. The NLCs containing oleic acid effectively controlled IBR release over 24 h compared to the NLCs composed of pomegranate seed oil. Furthermore, the nanoparticles acted as permeation enhancers, increasing the fluidity of the lipids in the stratum corneum, as determined by EPR spectroscopy, which stimulated the IBR penetration more profoundly into the skin. However, the NLCs composition also influenced the permeation promotion factor. Thus, these findings emphasize the importance of the composition of NLCs in controlling and increasing the skin penetration of IBR and pave the way for future advances in melanoma therapy.

Renal evaluation of Aotus azarai infulatus by ultrasonography and serum chemistry profile.

This study aimed to characterize anatomical and biochemical properties of owl monkey kidneys in order to provide normal reference values. Sixty-nine Aotus azarai infulatus (45 males and 24 females) were divided into four different age groups (AG1: 3 months-1 year; AG2: 2-3 years; AG3: 4-6 years; and AG4: over 7 years old). The monkeys were evaluated with a serum chemistry profile, focusing on serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and with ultrasound. Mean body mass differed among the age groups. This significance was attributed to AG1 body mass being significantly lower than in AG2 and that in both AG2 and AG3 being significantly lower than in the two older age groups (AG3 and AG4). SCr and BUN concentrations differed significantly between the sexes and SCr level correlated positively with age. In contrast, renal measurements did not differ between males and females. Left and right renal volumes did not differ significantly within age groups, or among AG2, AG3, and AG4. Renal volumes in AG1, however, while not differing from those in AG2, did differ significantly from those in AG3 and AG4. In conclusion, this study provides ultrasonographic reference values for the morphology the kidneys in A. a. infulatus. Evidence is also provided that SCr and BUN levels in owl monkeys are influenced by the sex and age of the individual, factors that should be considered when interpreting test results.

A Novel Strategy to Engineer Pre-Vascularized Full-Length Dental Pulp-like Tissue Constructs.

The requirement for immediate vascularization of engineered dental pulp poses a major hurdle towards successful implementation of pulp regeneration as an effective therapeutic strategy for root canal therapy, especially in adult teeth. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy to engineer pre-vascularized, cell-laden hydrogel pulp-like tissue constructs in full-length root canals for dental pulp regeneration. We utilized gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels with tunable physical and mechanical properties to determine the microenvironmental conditions (microstructure, degradation, swelling and elastic modulus) that enhanced viability, spreading and proliferation of encapsulated odontoblast-like cells (OD21), and the formation of endothelial monolayers by endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs). GelMA hydrogels with higher polymer concentration (15% w/v) and stiffness enhanced OD21 cell viability, spreading and proliferation, as well as endothelial cell spreading and monolayer formation. We then fabricated pre-vascularized, full-length, dental pulp-like tissue constructs by dispensing OD21 cell-laden GelMA hydrogel prepolymer in root canals of extracted teeth and fabricating 500 µm channels throughout the root canals. ECFCs seeded into the microchannels successfully formed monolayers and underwent angiogenic sprouting within 7 days in culture. In summary, the proposed approach is a simple and effective strategy for engineering of pre-vascularized dental pulp constructs offering potentially beneficial translational outcomes.

Renal biochemistry variables and ultrasonographic imaging in healthy Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi).

BACKGROUND: The combined use of renal biochemistry and ultrasonographic imaging may improve the correct management of renal disease. Although renal disease is frequently observed in nonhuman primates, renal function markers have not yet been studied in Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to establish normal renal biochemistry variables and ultrasonographic features in Squirrel monkeys. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Renal biochemistry variables and ultrasonographic images were documented in 29 healthy Squirrel monkeys (15 males and 14 females). Urea, serum creatinine (SCr), and uric acid (UA) concentrations were measured by kinetic assay. Cystatin C (CysC) was analyzed by immunonephelometry. A multiple frequency linear array probe (5-12 MHz) was used for ultrasonographic imaging. The studied indicators of renal function were related to sex, age, and body mass. RESULTS: Serum creatinine was influenced by sex and body mass. Serum concentration of urea, UA, and CysC were not influenced by sex, age, and body mass. Ultrasonographic images provided accurate and comprehensive data for making clinical decisions for Squirrel monkeys. The total renal volume was only influenced by the body mass nested in sex and was positively correlated to body mass. Right renal volume was bigger than the left one. CONCLUSION: Normative standards for the renal evaluation, including biochemistry and ultrasonography, in the Squirrel monkey have been established correlated to age, sex, and body mass.

Surface Roughness, Microhardness, and Microleakage of a Silorane-Based Composite Resin after Immediate or Delayed Finishing/Polishing.

Objective. This study evaluated the effect of immediate or delayed finishing/polishing using different systems on the surface roughness, hardness, and microleakage of a silorane-based composite. Material and Methods. Specimens were made with silorane-based composite (Filtek P90, 3M ESPE) and assigned to the treatments: control (light-cured); aluminum oxide discs (Sof-Lex, 3M ESPE); diamond-impregnated silicone tips (Astropol, Ivoclar Vivadent); aluminum oxide-impregnated silicone tips (Enhance, Dentsply). Half of the specimens were finished/polished immediately and the rest after 7 days. Surface roughness (Ra, µm; n = 20) and Vickers microhardness (50 g; 45 s; n = 10) were measured. Cavities were prepared in bovine incisors and filled with Filtek P90. The fillings received immediate or delayed finishing/polishing (n = 10) and were subjected to dye penetration test (0.5% basic fuchsin, 24 h). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Scheffe, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). Results. The finishing/polishing system significantly influenced roughness and microhardness (p < 0.0001). For enamel, microleakage was not affected by the finishing/polishing system (p = 0.309). For dentin, Sof-Lex discs and Astropol points promoted greater microleakage than Enhance points (p = 0.033). Conclusion. Considering roughness, microhardness, and microleakage together, immediate finishing/polishing of a silorane-based composite using aluminum oxide discs may be recommended.

Anátomo-radiografia dos ossos longos do membro torácico do Tamandua tetradactyla / Anatomo-radiography of long-bones in thoracic limb of Tamandua tetradactyla

Objetivou-se descrever os acidentes anatômicos dos ossos longos do membro torácico de Tamandua tetradactyla por meio de análises macroscópicas e radiográficas. Foram utilizados 34 espécimes, que foram a óbito por atropelamento. A avaliação do úmero demonstrou as mesmas estruturas presentes nos animais domésticos, além de outras sem prévia descrição. Já no antebraço, rádio e ulna se apresentaram completamente separados, e apesar de, como o úmero, serem identificados alguns dos mesmos acidentes anatômicos descritos em outras espécies, também notamos particularidades. Todas as estruturas descritas na análise macroscópica foram identificadas à radiografia, quando realizada em pelo menos duas projeções ortogonais. As estruturas anátomo-radiográficas dos ossos longos do T. tetradactyla demonstraram grande variaçãoanatômica em comparação a outros mamíferos, o que torna a referida espécie muito singular. Assim o conhecimento de suas particularidades é fundamental para abordagens clínico-cirúrgicas mais seguras.

The objective was to describe the anatomical accidents of the long bones of the thoracic limb of Tamandua tetradactyla by means of macroscopic and radiographic analyzes. We used 34 specimens, which were death by running over. Evaluation of the humerus demonstrated the same structures present in domestic animals, besides others without previous description. In the forearm, radius and ulna were completely separated, and although, like the humerus, some of the same anatomical accidents described in other species were identified, we also noticed particularities. All the structures described in the macroscopic analysis were identified on radiography, when performed in at least two orthogonal projections. The anatomic-radiographic structures of the long bones of T. tetradactyla showed great anatomical variation compared to other mammals, which makes the species very unique. Thus knowledge of their particularities is fundamental for safer clinical-surgical approaches.

Anátomo-radiografia dos ossos longos do membro torácico do Tamandua tetradactyla / Anatomo-radiography of long-bones in thoracic limb ofTamandua tetradactyla

Objetivou-se descrever os acidentes anatômicos dos ossos longos do membro torácico de Tamandua tetradactyla por meio de análises macroscópicas e radiográficas. Foram utilizados 34 espécimes, que foram a óbito por atropelamento. A avaliação do úmero demonstrou as mesmas estruturas presentes nos animais domésticos, além de outras sem prévia descrição. Já no antebraço, rádio e ulna se apresentaram completamente separados, e apesar de, como o úmero, serem identificados alguns dos mesmos acidentes anatômicos descritos em outras espécies, também notamos particularidades. Todas as estruturas descritas na análise macroscópica foram identificadas à radiografia, quando realizada em pelo menos duas projeções ortogonais. As estruturas anátomo-radiográficas dos ossos longos do T. tetradactyla demonstraram grande variação anatômica em comparação a outros mamíferos, o que torna a referida espécie muito singular. Assim o conhecimento de suas particularidades é fundamental para abordagens clínico-cirúrgicas mais seguras.

The objective was to describe the anatomical accidents of the long bones of the thoracic limb of Tamandua tetradactyla by means of macroscopic and radiographic analyzes. We used 34 specimens, which were deaths by running over. Evaluation of the humerus demonstrated the same structures present in domestic animals, besides others without previous description. In the forearm, radius and ulna were completely separated, and although, like the humerus, some of the same anatomical accidents described in other species were identified, we also noticed particularities. All the structures described in the macroscopic analysis were identified on radiography, when performed in at least two orthogonal projections. The anatomic-radiographic structures of the long bones of T. tetradactyla showed great anatomical variation compared to other mammals, which makes the species very unique. Thus knowledge of their particularities is fundamental for safer clinical-surgical approaches.

Pulp revascularization after root canal decontamination with calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel.

INTRODUCTION: Pulp revascularization may be considered a promising alternative for necrotic immature teeth. Many studies have accomplished passive decontamination associated with an antibiotic paste. To date, there is no report evaluating calcium hydroxide associated with 2% chlorhexidine gel for revascularization therapy. The aim of this case report was to describe a new proposal for pulp revascularization with mechanical decontamination and intracanal medication composed of calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel. METHODS: The patient, a 9-year-old girl, suffered an intrusion associated with pulp exposure caused by an enamel-dentin fracture in her maxillary left central incisor. After diagnosis, treatment consisted of revascularization therapy with gentle manual instrumentation of the cervical and medium thirds of the root in addition to intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel for 21 days. In the second session, a blood clot was stimulated up to the cervical third of the root canal. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Angelus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil) was used for cervical sealing of the canal. Coronal sealing was performed with temporary filling material and composite resin. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, the root canal space showed a progressive decrease in width, mineralized tissue deposition on root canal walls, and apical closure. A cone-beam computed tomography scan taken at the 2-year follow-up confirmed these findings and did not show complete root canal calcification. CONCLUSIONS: This new proposal for revascularization therapy with 2% chlorhexidine gel may be used for the treatment of necrotic immature root canals.

Antibióticos no tratamento de abscessos perirradiculares agudos / Antibiotics in the treatment of acute periradicular abscesses

O abscesso perirradicular agudo pode resultar em complicações sistêmicas, sendo necessária a antibioticoterapia coadjuvante ao tratamento clínico. No entanto, os antibióticos são frequentemente prescritos pelos cirurgiões-dentistas no tratamento destas infecções em algumas situações questionáveis. É importante destacar que o uso incorreto destes agentes terapêuticos pode levar ao surgimento de micro- -organismos resistentes. O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura é descrever a antibioticoterapia no tratamento de abscessos perirradiculares agudos, abordando suas indicações e drogas utilizadas, e discutir a resistência bacteriana a alguns antibióticos.

The acute periradicular abscess can result in systemic complications, being necessary a complementary antibiotic therapy to clinical treatment. However, antibiotics are often prescribed by dentists to treat these infections, but its use is questionable in some situations. Misuse of antibiotics can lead to the emergence of resistant micro-organisms. The aim of this present literature review is to describe the antibiotic treatment in acute periradicular abscesses by addressing its indications and drug use, and discuss about bacterial resistance to some antibiotics.

Topografia do cone medular da irara (Eira barbara) e sua relevância em anestesias epidurais / Topography of the conus medullari in tayra (Eira barbara) and their relevance in epidural anesthesia

Encontrada principalmente na América do Sul, a irara é um carnívoro pertencente à família Mustelidae, a qual pouco se tem informações sobre sua morfologia de forma geral. Diante disso, objetivou-se conhecer melhor parte do sistema nervoso desta espécie, mais precisamente a topografia do cone medular, a fim de subsidiar intervenções anestésicas peridurais nesta, uma vez que a clínica de animais selvagens vem crescendo a cada dia. Foram estudados três exemplares machos, adultos, provenientes da área de Mina Bauxita, Paragominas, doados ao Laboratório de Pesquisa Morfológica Animal (LaPMA), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, os quais foram radiografados e dissecados ao nível lombossacral, seguido de exposição do cone medular. Este, por sua vez, situou-se entre L4-L6 possuindo comprimento médio de 4,31cm, o que nos levou a sugerir a região sacrococcígea como ponde ideal para prática de anestesias epidurais nesta espécie.

Mainly found in South America, tayra is a carnivore belonging to the Mustelidae family, of which is little information regarding its morphology in general. The study aimed to characterize the topography of the medullar cone in order to subsidize epidural anesthetic interventions, since the clinics of wild animals is growing each day. We studied three adult male tayras from the Bauxite Mine area of Paragominas, donated to the Research Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém. They were x-rayed and dissected at the lumbosacral level to expose the medullar cone, which was found between L4-L6 with an average length of 4.31cm. This led us to suggest the sacrococcygeal region as ideal site for practice of epidural anesthesia in this species.

Influência do pré-alargamento na escolha da lima patência e lima apical inicial / Influence of preflaring in the choice of patency and initial apical files

O presente estudo avaliou a influência do pré-alargamento na escolha das limas patência e apical inicial. Quarenta canais mesiais de molares inferiores foram divididos em dois grupos. No primeiro, não foi realizado pré-alargamento e no segundo o mesmo foi realizado com brocas Gates Glidden. A mensuração do diâmetro anatômico do forame apical e do canal no comprimento de trabalho foi realizada com o auxílio de microscópio de forma retrógada. A escolha das limas patência e apical inicial foi determinada via canal. Quando o pré-alargamento não foi realizado, a diferença entre os diâmetros das limas e anatômicos foi maior. O pré-alargamento mostrou ser essencial na determinação da escolha das limas patência e apical inicial.

The present study evaluated the influence of cervical preflaring in the choice of patency and initial apical files. Forty mesial canals of mandibular molars were divided into two groups. In the first, no cervical preflaring was performed while in the second it was performed with Gates Glidden drills. The measurement of the anatomic diameter of the apical foramen and of the working length was performed by the retrograde method with the aid of a microscope. The choice of patency and initial apical files was determined in the root canal. When the preflaring was not performed, the difference between the diameters of the files and the anatomic diameters was greater. Preflaring was shown to be essential for the determination of patency and initial apical files.

Un nuevo protocolo de medicación intraconducto para dientes con necrosis pulpar y rizogénesis incompleta / A new intracanal medication protocol for treatment of immature teeth with a nonvital pulp

El trauma tiene un serio impacto en el desarrollo de la dentición de niños y jóvenes, pudiendo resultar en necrosis del diente permanente joven. El tratamiento más común para los casos de necrosis pulpar en dientes con rizogénesis incompleta es promover la apexificación. Este artículo presenta el reporte de un caso clínico donde fue utilizada una medicación intraconducto(MIC) compuesta por la asociación de hidróxido de calcio, clorhexidina gel al 2% y óxido de zinc (2:1:2) para promover la formación de tejido calcificado en el ápice de dos dientes acometidos de trauma dental. Al cabo de 9 meses, sin necesidad de cambios en la MIC, fue observada la formación de una barrera apical que permitió la obturación endodóntica definitiva. Este nuevo protocolo de MIC para dientes con rizogénesis incompleta y necrosis pulpar se justifica en la revisión de literatura presentada, la misma que destaca sus beneficios.

Dental trauma has a serious impact on the developing dentition of children and young people; it could result in pulp necrosis of young permanent tooth. The most common treatment for cases of pulp necrosis in teeth with incomplete apexogenesis is to promote apexification. This paper presents a case report where it was used an intracanal medication (ICM) combining calcium hydroxide, 2% chlorhexidine gel and zinc oxide (2:1:2) to promote the apical barrier formation in two teeth of a patient who attended the Dental Trauma Care Service. After 9 months, with no periodical replacements of the ICM, it was observed the formation of an apical barrier that allowed the final endodontic obturation. This new ICM protocol for teeth with pulp necrosis and incomplete apexogenesis is justified in the literature review presented that highlights the benefits of its use.

Prevalência das fraturas radiculares e corono-radiculares no serviço de traumatismo dentário da FOP-Unicamp: estudo retrospectivo / Radicular and coronal-radicular fractutes’ prevalence in FOP-Unicamp dental trauma service: retrospective study

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre a prevalência e a etiologia das fraturas radiculares e corono-radiculares em 366 pacientes atendidos no Centro de Traumatismo Dentário da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba no período de 2002-2009. Os resultados mostraram que as fraturas radiculares ocorreram em 43 dentes e as fraturas corono-radiculares em 23 dentes, totalizando 53 pacientes. A maior prevalência destes traumas ocorreu em pacientes do gênero masculino com idade acima de 26 anos e as principais causas foram as quedas e os acidentes de trabalho. Este estudo destaca a importância de um correto tratamento emergencial em casos de fraturas radiculares, conseguindo-se desta forma um prognóstico favorável e a redução de complicações desses tipos de injúrias.

The aim of this work was to achieve a retrospective study concerning the prevalence and etiology of the root fractures and coronal-root fractures in 366 pacients treated at the Traumatic Dental Center of the Dental School of Piracicaba in the 2002-2009 period. The results showed that root fractures occured in 43 teeth and coronal-root fractures in 23 teeth totaling 53pacients. The high rate of these traumas was in male pacients over age 26 years old and the main causes were fall and work accidents. This study highlightedthe importance of a correct emergencial care in cases of root fractures, thereby it is possible to achieve a favorable prognosis and a reduction of complications in this type of injuries.

[Natural helminth infection in Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766), by Acuaria mayori Lent, Freitas and Proença, 1945 (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) in Brazil]. / Infecção natural em Sicalis flaveola (Linaeus, 1766) por Acuaria mayori lent, freitas e proença, 1945 (nematoda: acuarioidea) no Brasil.

This is the first report of a natural infection in the saffron finch Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766) captured in Brazil, with the establishment of a new host record for the acuarioid nematode Acuaria mayori Lent, Freitas and Proença, 1945, previously referred in Cyanocorax chrysops (Vieillot, 1818) from Paraguay and Sporophila caerulescens caerulescens (Vieillot, 1823) and C. cyanomelas (Wied, 1821) from Brazil and Myarchus nuttingi (Ridgway, 1883) from Costa Rica.

Variação anatômica de primeiro molar inferior e a importância de uma descontaminação efetiva

Introdução: a literatura tem relatado vários casos clínicos sobre variações anatômicas de molares mandibulares.Entretanto, poucos relatos mostraram tratamentos de primeiros molares inferiores permanentes com vistas à Endodontia atual. Objetivo: este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar o tratamento endodôntico bem-sucedido de um primeiro molar mandibular que apresentava cinco canais radiculares diagnosticado com pulpite sintomática irreversível.Caso clínico: o acesso à câmara pulpar foi realizado,seguido da localização dos canais radiculares. Três canais na raiz mesial e dois na distal foram observados. Em seguida, o preparo químico mecânico foi realizado com limas manuais e rotatórias e irrigação copiosa com hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% durante toda a instrumentação. A obturação foi feita por meio da técnica híbrida de Tagger, e a restauração definitiva foi completada após uma semana. Conclusão: o conhecimento da anatomia do sistema de canais radiculares de primeiros molares mandibulares agrega informações à área,assim como contribuirá para o tratamento endodôntico com mais sucesso pelos profissionais.

Avaliação da espessura radicular após alargamento com broca Gates-Gliddenem rotacões diferentes / Evaluation of the root thickness after flaring with gates glidden burs in different rotations

As perfurações radiculares são indesejáveis durante o tratamento endodôntico, visto que alteram o prognóstico. Sendo assim, o presente estudo avaliou, in vitro, a espessura de dentina remanescente da parede distal de 34 canais mesiais de molares inferiores antes e após o alargamento cervical com brocas Gates-Glidden utilizadas em baixa rotação convencional (20000 rpm) e em aparelho Easy Endo com rotação controlada (7S0 rpm). Cada espécime foi incluído em um bloco de resina vazado em uma mufla e em seguida cortado transversalmente a 4 e a 6 mm abaixo da junção cemento esmalte. As imagens transversais das raizes foram capturadas em uma lupa estereoscópica, transferidas a um computador e as espessuras dos remanescentes dentinários foram mensuradas através do programa IMSO. Posteriormente, os segmentos foram reposicionados na mufla e divididos aleatoriamente em dois Grupos de 17 espécimes. Foi realizado o preparo cervical e médio com Gates-Glidden (crown down) no grupo I na baixa rotação convencional, e no grupo 11 com aparelho Easy Endo. As imagens dos remanescentes foram novamente capturadas e mensuradas. As diferenças das medidas iniciais e finais foram analisadas estatisticamente através do teste de análise de variância (p < O,OS). Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre os grupos, em ambos os cortes realizados, sendo o desgaste estatisticamente maior no grupo i. Verificou-se que o preparo cervical com brocas Gates-Glidden e a técnica coroa-ápice realizado com uma velocidade de 7S0 rpm é mais seguro no que diz respeito ao risco de perfurações na parede distal da raiz mesial do molar inferior.

Root perforations during endodontic treatment are undesirable since they modify the prognostic,therefore the present study evaluated, in vitro, the dentin thickness of 34 mesial roots in mandibular molars after cervical enlargement with Gates-Glidden rotary instruments using hand piece (20000 rpm) and Endo-Easy engine with controlled rotation (7S0 rpm). Ali extracted teeth were cutted and embedded in clear polyester resin, placed in a mufle. The roots were sliced horizontally at 4 and 6 mm from the cemento-enamel junction. lmages were obtained by a stereoscopic loupe, transferred to a computer and then the remaining dentin thickness of the distal wall of the mesio canal levels were measured by the IMSO software. Sections were reassembled with a muffle and the roots were randomly divided in two groups (n=17). The canals were enlarged using Gates Glidden burs (crown-down) with hand piece in group I and Easy-Endo Engine in group li. Afterwards, the images of the thicknesses were obtained and measured again. The differences of the initial and final measurements were statistically analysed by ANOVA (p < O,OS). The results showed statistically significant differences among those groups, in both levels, being the removed dentin statistically higher at Group i. The cervical enlargement using Gates Glidden burs and the crown down technique with a speed of 7S0 rpm is more safe in relation of the perforations risk on the distal wall of mesial roots in mandibular molars.

Infecção natural em Sicalis flaveola (Linaeus, 1766) por Acuaria mayori Lent, Freitas e Proença, 1945 (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) no Brasil

Primeiro relato de infecção natural por helmintos no canário-da-terra-verdadeiro Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus, 1766) capturado no Brasil e ocorrência de novo hospedeiro para o nematóide acuarídeo Acuaria mayori Lent, Freitas e Proença, 1945. Este nematóide foi previamente referido em Cyanocorax chrysops (Vieillot, 1818) no Paraguai, em Sporophila caerulescens caerulescens (Vieillot, 1823) e C. cyanomelas (Wied, 1821) no Brasil e em Myarchus nuttingi (Ridgway, 1883) na Costa Rica.

Efeito da aplicação imediata e tardia de diferentes sistemas de acabamento/polimento sobre a rugosidade de superfície, microdureza e microinfiltração de uma resina composta à base de silorano / Effect of immediate and delayed application of different systems of finishing/polishing on the surface roughness, hardness and microleakage of composite resi-based silorane

O acabamento e polimento adequado das restuarações de resina composta são passos importantes na odontologia restauradora, que favorecem a estética, a saúde dos tecidos periodontais e a longevidade das restaurações. A hipótese testada neste estudo foi de similaridade entre os sistema de acabamento/polimento e do momento de sua aplicação sobre a rugosidade de superfície, microdureza e microinfiltração de uma resina de baixa contração à base de silorano. Os fatores em estudo neste experimento in vitroforam os sistemas de acabamento/polimento, em quatro níveis...