Sequence-Dependent Stereodivergent Allylic Alkylation/Fluorination of Acyclic Ketones.

The stereodivergent iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation and fluorination of acyclic ketones is described. α-Pyridyl-α-fluoroketones with vicinal tertiary and quaternary stereocenters were obtained in moderate to excellent yields and stereoselectivities. Distinct from known stereodivergent synthesis, for which two different chiral catalysts are required in general, herein we report a sequence-dependent stereodivergent synthesis. With only a single chiral Ir catalyst, all four possible stereoisomers of the products were prepared from the same starting materials by simply adjusting the sequence of asymmetric allylic alkylation and fluorination and varying the absolute configuration of the Ir catalyst.

Effects of dietary mixed probiotics on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.

This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of dietary mixed probiotics on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Juvenile shrimp (initial body weight 1.21 ±â€¯0.01 g) were fed diets containing graded probiotics (F1: 0 mg/kg probiotics; F2: 1000 mg/kg probiotics; F3: 2000 mg/kg probiotics; F4: 4000 mg/kg compound probiotics; F5: 6000 mg/kg probiotics; F6: 8000 mg/kg probiotics) for 8 weeks. The result of this trial showed that the growth performance (SGR, WG, FBW) of shrimp fed diets containing probiotics (F2∼F6) were significantly higher than that of shrimp fed diet without supplemental probiotics (F1) (P < 0.05), and the highest values of the growth performance (SGR, WG, FBW) and lowest FCR were found in shrimp fed the diet containing 2000 mg/kg probiotics. Total antioxidant capacity of shrimp fed diet F2 and F3 were significantly higher than that of shrimp fed the basal diets (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase in F4 treatment was significantly higher than that of basal treatment (P < 0.05). Catalase of shrimp in all probiotics supplemented (F2∼F6) treatments were significantly higher than that of the control one (F1) (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde in F5 groups was significantly lower than that of F1 groups (P < 0.05). Alkline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in F3 treatments were significantly higher than those of the basal one (P < 0.05). Lysozyme of shrimp fed F2∼F6 were significantly higher than that of shrimp fed F1 diet (P < 0.05). The lipase and amylase activities in 2000 mg/kg probiotics groups showed the highest activities and were significantly higher than that of control one (P < 0.05). Intestinal villi height in F3∼F6 treatments were significantly higher than that of control one (P < 0.05). Alpha diversity indices including observed species, chao1, ACE and shannon indices showed that F2 and F3 groups had higher microbial diversity in their intestines, both richness and evenness. PCA plot showed that there was a clear shift of F2 and F3 groups from the control groups in microbial community structure. The dominant phyla in pacific white shrimp are proteobacteria, bacteroidetes and actinobacteria, the dominant genus were algoriphagus and vibrio. As the probiotics increased, the gemmatimonadetes, acidobacteria, deltaproteobacteria and xanthomonadales firstly increased and then decreased, with the highest content in F2 group, which was no significant difference to F3 group (P > 0.05) while significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplement of mixed species probiotics can promote growth performance, enhance the non-specific immunity, influence the microbiota of the pacific white shrimps and the recommended optimum dosage in diet of Litopenaeus vannamei was 2000 mg/kg.

Copper-Catalyzed Ring Opening of Benzofurans and an Enantioselective Hydroamination Cascade.

A copper(II) acetate/(R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS-catalyzed ring opening of benzofurans and enantioselective hydroamination cascade with dimethoxymethylsilane (DMMS) and hydroxylamine esters is described. Starting from readily available substituted benzofurans, a series of chiral N,N-dibenzylaminophenols, which are of high interest in pharmaceutical chemistry, were obtained with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 66 % yield, 94 % ee).

MK-2206 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells and sensitizes TRAIL-mediated cell death.

It has become evident that AKT inhibitors have great potential in cancer treatment. In this study, we investigate the anticancer activity of MK-2206, a novel AKT inhibitor, on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell, and to show whether MK-2206 enhances the apoptosis-inducing potential of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The cell growth inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay and colony formation assay. Cell cycle distribution was assessed by propidium iodide flow cytometry. Apoptosis was determined by AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining assay and caspase-9, casapse-7, caspase-3, and PARP cleavage. The results of present study showed that MK-2206-induced G1-phase arrest was associated with a marked decrease in the protein expression of cyclin D1 with concomitant induction of p21 and p27. MK-2206-induced apoptosis was characterized by cleavage of a pro-caspase in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the MAP family kinases p38 kinase and JNK were activated by exposure to MK-2206. SB203580, an p38-specific inhibitor, partially blocked MK-2206-induced death of HepG2 cells and caspase activation. A combination of MK-2206 with TRAIL significantly inhibited growth of TRAIL resistant HepG2 cells. Taken together, our findings provide a new insight to better understand anticancer mechanisms of MK-2206, at least in HepG2 cell. Using of MK-2206 as a potent sensitizer to TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death offers a promising means of enhancing the efficacy of TRAIL-based HCC treatments.

Effect of Parathyroidectomy on Quality of Life Among Patients Undergoing Dialysis.

PURPOSE: There is a limited evidence of durable effect of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on the quality of life (QoL) in dialysis populations. We aimed to investigate this concern by comparing the QoL scores in the pre- and post-PTX periods in a cohort of dialysis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 212 dialysis patients were enrolled in a hospital-facilitated dialysis center in China between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2021. The mean age was 46.4 years; the male:female ratio was 96:116; hemodialysis 191, peritoneal dialysis 21. Informative data relating to demographics and dialysis were recorded for comparison. QoL was measured using the Chinese version of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36™) and compared subscale scores between the pre-and post-PTX period. Appropriate statistical methods and Pearson's correlation test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Nutritional markers, including hemoglobin and albumin, significantly increased post-PTX than pre-PTX. KDQOL-36 domain scale scores, including Symptoms and Problems of Kidney Disease, Burden of Kidney Disease, Effects of Kidney Disease (EKD), Physical Component Summary (PCS) score, and Mental Component Summary score, significantly increased post-PTX than pre-PTX. All patients were further stratified into three groups based on the PTX duration-0-2 years, >2-<5 years, and ≥5 years-and all KDQOL-36 domain scale scores increased in individual PTX durations. The PTX duration showed a significant negative correlation between PCS subscale scores and a positive correlation between EKD subscale scores. CONCLUSION: PTX could improve QoL in dialysis patients with medically refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism. The durable effects should be studied using a larger sample.

[In vitro study on two kind of recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated transfection efficiency with enhanced green fluorescent protein into rats osteoblasts].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the transfection efficiency of two kind of recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated transfection to rats osteoblasts with enhanced green fluorescent protein and assess the feasibility of it as a vector for gene therapy of osteoblast lesions. METHODS: The osteoblasts of rats were isolated, cultured and identified with type I collagen staged digestion method. According to different multiplicity of infection (MOI) (MOI = 1 x 10(3), 1 x 10(4), 1 X 10(4), 5 x 10(5)), rAAV-EGFP was transfected into osteoblasts with rAAV only and rAAV-ADV co-transfection respectively. The expression of EGFP along with the transfection time was observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. The transfection efficiency and fluorescence intensity was evaluated by flow cytometry. The best MOI value was analysed and the cell growth curves were obtained according to the best MOI value to evaluate the toxic effects of rAAV-EGFP. RESULTS: The cultured cells possessed the biological behaviors of osteoblasts. The transfection efficiency of the rAAV was increased with the increasing of MOI. The EGFP expression reached the maximum on day 5 in ADV(-) group, the transfection efficiency of rAAV2/6-EGFP and rAAV2/9-EGFP was 90.2% and 66.1% respectively when MOI was 1 x 10(5) and no significant increase was observed when MOI was 5 x 10(5). In ADV(+) group, EGFP expression reached its maximum on day 3, the transfection efficiency of rAAV2/6-EGFP and rAAV2/9-EGFP was 47.6% and 30.5% respectively when MOI was 5 x 10(5). And no significant biologic effects on the cyto-activity was observed. CONCLUSION: The transfection efficiency of two kind of virus vectors was both very high and rAAV2/6's is higher than that of rAAV2/9. This suggested the potential of rAAV-EGFP as a safe and efficient vector for gene therapy.

Localization of epileptogenic zone based on graph analysis of stereo-EEG.

Localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) is essential for the successful surgical treatment of medically intractable epilepsy. In the present study, stereo-EEG (SEEG) recordings were obtained from seven patients underwent presurgical evaluation for treatment of intractable epilepsy. Partial directed coherence (PDC) analysis was applied to construct peri-ictal effective connectivity networks. The graphic measures, in-degree, out-degree and betweenness centrality, were evaluated to localize the EZ. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to quantify the localization accuracy. We found that the in-degree coincided well with the EZ identified by epileptologists' visual inspection in all seven patients who had a significant improvement in seizure outcomes, however, the other two measures were effective only in some cases. Furthermore, in all seven patients the electrode contact with the highest in-degree was always located within the EZ identified by epileptologists' visual inspection. These results indicate that the graph theory is an effective method to localize the EZ when suitable graphic measures were chosen. Furthermore, the in-degree was the most effective measure among the three graphic measures in localizing the EZ when the PDC method was used.

Tissue performance of bladder following stretched electrospun silk fibroin matrix and bladder acellular matrix implantation in a rabbit model.

The goal of this study was to investigate the tissue performance of bladder following stretched electrospun silk fibroin matrix (SESFM) implantation compared with bladder acellular matrix (BAM). We compared SESFM with BAM based on porosity and pore size. Scaffolds were separately transplanted into opposite walls of the bladder of 30 rabbits after stripping the bladder mucosa and smooth muscle (1.5 × 2.0 cm(2)). Gross anatomical observation, histological analysis and muscle contractility studies were performed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-op. SESFM has higher porosity and larger pore size compared with BAM (p < 0.05). At 2 weeks, the presence of vesical calculus was evident in 7/10 rabbits. Histological analysis showed that SESFM and BAM promoted similar degree of urothelium regeneration (p > 0.05). However, SESFM promoted a higher degree of smooth muscle and vessel regeneration compared to BAM (p < 0.05). In addition, muscle strips supported by SESFM displayed higher contractile responses to carbachol, KCl, and phenylephrine compared with BAM. At 8 weeks, both matrices elicited similar mild acute and chronic inflammatory reactions. Our results demonstrated that SESFM has greater ability to promote bladder tissue regeneration with structural and functional properties compared to BAM, and with similar biocompatibility.

PF-04691502 triggers cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibits the angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The aim of the present study is to determine the antitumor effect of PF-04691502, a potent inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR kinases, on the apoptosis and angiogenesis of the hepatoma cancer cells. Our results indicate that treatment of cancer cells with PF-04691502 reduces cell viability and inhibits cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. PF-04691502 triggers apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway, accompanied by activation of caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Pre-treatment of hepatoma cells with the caspase-3 inhibitor (z-DEVD-fmk) blocks the PF-04691502-induced death of these cells. In addition, growth factors-induced tube formation and the migration of HUVECs are markedly inhibited by PF-04691502 treatment. The mechanisms of anti-angiogenesis of PF-04691502 are associated with inhibiting the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α. Based on the overall results, we suggest that PF-04691502 reduces hepatocellular carcinoma cell viability, induces cell apoptosis, and inhibits cell growth and tumor angiogenesis, implicating its potential therapeutic value in the treatment of HCC.