POU2F2-mediated upregulation of lncRNA PTPRG-AS1 inhibits ferroptosis in breast cancer via miR-376c-3p/SLC7A11 axis.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of BC with high rates of mortality. The mechanism of PTPRG-AS1 in ferroptosis of TNBC was investigated. Methods: Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to measure intermolecular relationships. MTT and colony formation assays detected cell viability and proliferation. Kits detected Fe2+ and reactive oxygen species levels. The role of PTPRG-AS1 in tumor growth was analyzed in vivo. Results: PTPRG-AS1 was increased in TNBC tissues and cells. PTPRG-AS1 silencing increased the reduction of glutathione and GPX4, increased Fe2+ and reactive oxygen species in erastin-treated cells and inhibited proliferation. POU2F2 transcriptionally upregulated PTPRG-AS1. PTPRG-AS1 targeted miR-376c-3p to upregulate SLC7A11. PTPRG-AS1 knockdown suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: POU2F2 transcriptionally activates PTPRG-AS1 to modulate ferroptosis and proliferation by miR-376c-3p/SLC7A11, promoting TNBC.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a kind of breast cancer with high recurrence and low survival rates. Activation of the ferroptosis pathway can inhibit BC proliferation and distant metastasis. Therefore, identifying effective biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in TNBC is important for its earlier detection and therapy. PTPRG-AS1 is a new type of lncRNA discovered in recent years that is increased in various diseases and is related to prognosis. In the present study, the authors found that POU2F2 promoted PTPRG-AS1 transcription. PTPRG-AS1 knockdown activated ferroptosis in TNBC and inhibited proliferation. Mechanistically, PTPRG-AS1 targeted miR-376c-3p to upregulate SLC7A11, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and promoting TNBC development. These results indicate that PTPRG-AS1 is a possible therapeutic target in TNBC.

Potassium deficiency diagnosis method of apple leaves based on MLR-LDA-SVM.

Introduction: At present, machine learning and image processing technology are widely used in plant disease diagnosis. In order to address the challenges of subjectivity, cost, and timeliness associated with traditional methods of diagnosing potassium deficiency in apple tree leaves. Methods: The study proposes a model that utilizes image processing technology and machine learning techniques to enhance the accuracy of detection during each growth period. Leaf images were collected at different growth stages and processed through denoising and segmentation. Color and shape features of the leaves were extracted and a multiple regression analysis model was used to screen for key features. Linear discriminant analysis was then employed to optimize the data and obtain the optimal shape and color feature factors of apple tree leaves during each growth period. Various machine-learning methods, including SVM, DT, and KNN, were used for the diagnosis of potassium deficiency. Results: The MLR-LDA-SVM model was found to be the optimal model based on comprehensive evaluation indicators. Field experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of the diagnostic model, achieving high diagnostic accuracy during different growth periods. Discussion: The model can accurately diagnose whether potassium deficiency exists in apple tree leaves during each growth period. This provides theoretical guidance for intelligent and precise water and fertilizer management in orchards.

Dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane over Pt-based catalysts supported on functional granular activated carbon.

Herein, we developed the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane over Pt-based catalysts supported on functional granular activated carbon. Sulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid and aminopropyl triethoxy silane were adopted to modify the granular activated carbon. The structural characterizations suggested that the carbon materials had a large surface area, abundant pore structure, and a high number of oxygen-containing functional groups, which influenced the Pt-based catalysts on the particle size, dispersion and dehydrogenation activity. The hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction technique was utilized to investigate the interaction between the active component Pt and the various functionalized granular activated carbon materials. The CO pulse technique revealed the particle sizes and dispersion of the as-prepared Pt-based catalysts. Finally, the Pt-based catalysts were successfully applied to study their catalytic activity in the dehydrogenation reaction of methylcyclohexane. The results showed that the Pt-based catalyst over granular activated carbon functionalized with sulphuric acid groups had a higher conversion of methylcyclohexane (63%) and a larger hydrogen evolution rate (741.1 mmol gPt -1 min-1) than the other resulting Pt-based catalysts at 300 °C.

Nonlinear Evolution and Breakup of the Cavitating Liquid Jet Surrounded by the Rotary Compressible Air.

A nonlinear dispersion relationship has been established to study the surface evolution and breakup of the cavitating liquid jet with cavitation bubbles surrounded by the rotary air, and the built dispersion relationship and its solution are validated by comparing with the results in the reference. The effects of air rotation, fluid compressibility, and bubble volume fraction on jet morphology are investigated mainly. Air rotation changes the dominant mode of perturbation wave on the jet surface, and more uneven corrugated flows are formed at the interface with the increase of gas rotational strength. The fluid compressibility has little impact on jet morphology in the circumferential direction, while it has some impacts on the axial morphology, especially on the arrangement of droplets. Cavitation bubbles will affect the jet morphology, while the effect is smaller than gas rotation. Both swirling gas and fluid compressibility promote the jet breakup, while the influence of compressibility on jet breakup is obviously greater than gas rotation. In addition, the bubble volume fraction will promote the breakup of the cavitating liquid jet; however, this kind of promoting impact decreases with the increase of the cavitation bubble volume fraction.

[Analysis on the changing trend of mortality rate and spectrum regarding causes of death in the last recent 30 years in Hunan province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changing trend of mortality and the spectrum regarding causes of death in the population of Hunan, and to analyze the health-related major diseases. METHODS: With retrospective study method, a sample survey on causes of death and the related information was carried out from 2004 to 2005 among the residents in Hunan province. Results were compared with the data from a retrospective survey on causes of death in Hunan during 1973-1975 and 1990-1992, respectively. RESULTS: The crude mortality rates and the standardized mortality ratios (SMR) of the residents in Hunan were 901.59/100 000 and 865.14/100 000 during the period of 1973-1975 while 588.64/100 000 and 537.42/100 000 during the period of 1990-1992, and 608.27/100 000 and 413.67/100 000 during the period of 2004-2005, respectively. During the past 30 years, the SMR of the residents in Hunan decreased by 52.18% and the descending range from the rural areas was more than that of the urban areas, and higher in females than in males. The death proportion of infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal diseases, nutritional deficiencies decreased significantly (P<0.01), but the death proportion of chronic non-communicable diseases increased significantly (P<0.01). The changing ranges of the former two proportions were both larger in the rural areas than those in the urban areas. The highest proportions of deaths due to injury and poisoning during the past 30 years were both seen in the 5 year olds, followed by the age groups of 25 year olds (P<0.01). During the period of 2004-2005, the death proportion of all the infectious diseases, maternal/perinatal diseases and nutritional deficiencies was 8.01% altogether, and those of chronic non-communicable diseases, injury and poisoning were 80.66% and 11.33%, respectively. During the past 30 years, the SMR of the three kinds of diseases all significantly decreased, more significantly seen in infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal diseases, and nutritional deficiencies but less in chronic non-communicable diseases. Among the death cases of chronic non-communicable diseases, the SMR of cerebrovascular disease, malignant tumor, and heart disease showed an increasing tendency and the sequences of them had been advanced to the first, the second, and the fourth in the death ranking during the period of 2004-2005, respectively. CONCLUSION: The SMRs of the residents in the urban and rural areas from Hunan province showed a declining tendency. Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and malignant tumors had become the important diseases affecting the health of the people, while injury and poisoning had otherwise topped the causes of death among children and adolescents in Hunan province.

[Evolution characteristics of diesel particles under cooling condition].

Experimental research on the evolution characteristics of diesel particles under the cooling conditions has been carried out. The results showed that the cooling of the exhaust had important effect on the mass concentration of the diesel particles in the exhaust. The main cause that resulted in the change of the particle mass concentration was the condensation of gaseous hydrocarbon on the particle surface or existing in the form of liquid drop. The cooling of the exhaust promoted the increasing of the particle dimension and the decreasing of the particle numbers, especially for the smaller particles below 0.1 microm. The cooling temperature of the exhaust had important effect on the evolution of diesel particles. After exhaust cooling, the volume concentration of diesel particles between 0.1 microm and 1.0 microm exhibited a tendency of decreasing. Moreover, exhaust velocity also had effect on the evolution of the diesel particles. The number concentration and volume concentration of the diesel particles between 0.01 microm and 1.0 microm decreased along with the decreasing of the exhaust velocity.

Supramolecular self-assemblies of beta-cyclodextrins with aromatic tethers: factors governing the helical columnar versus linear channel superstructures.

A series of 6-O-(p-substituted phenyl)-modified beta-cyclodextrin derivatives, i.e., 6-O-(4-bromophenyl)-beta-CD (1), 6-O-(4-nitrophenyl)-beta-CD (2), 6-O-(4-formylphenyl)-beta-CD (3), 6-phenylselenyl-6-deoxy-beta-CD (4), and 6-O-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-beta-CD (5), were synthesized, and their inclusion complexation behavior in aqueous solution and self-assembling behavior in the solid state were comparatively studied by NMR spectroscopy, microcalorimetry, crystallography, and scanning tunneling microscopy. Interestingly, (seleno)ethers 1-4 and ester 5 displayed distinctly different self-assembling behavior in the solid state, affording a successively threading head-to-tail polymeric helical structure for the (seleno)ethers or a mutually penetrating tail-to-tail dimeric columnar channel structure for the ester. Combining the present and previous structures reported for the relevant beta-CD derivatives, we further deduce that the pivot heteroatom, through which the aromatic substituent is tethered to beta-CD, plays a critical role in determining the helix structure, endowing the 2-fold and 4-fold axes to the N/O- and S/Se-pivoted beta-CD aggregates, respectively. This means that one can control the self-assembling orientation, alignment, and helicity in the solid state by finely tuning the pivot atom and the tether length. Further NMR and calorimetric studies on the self-assembling behavior in aqueous solution revealed that the dimerization step is the key to the formation of linear polymeric supramolecular architecture, which is driven by favorable entropic contributions.