Diversity of Parasitoid Wasps and Comparison of Sampling Strategies in Rice Fields Using Metabarcoding.

A comprehensive and precise evaluation of Arthropoda diversity in agricultural landscapes can enhance biological pest control strategies. We used Malaise traps and sweep nets to collect insects from three double-cropping paddy fields. DNA was extracted from the ethanol preservative of the Malaise traps and from tissue samples of selected parasitoid wasps. This was followed by amplification using DNA barcoding primers to prepare high-throughput sequencing libraries. We annotated a total of 4956 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), encompassing 174 genera and 32 families of parasitoid wasps. The ethanol filter method efficiently captured a wide range of information. However, the method has low resolution and may result in a reduced estimate of species abundance. Additional insect species were also identified in the parasitoid samples. This suggests that high throughput sequencing from adult parasitoid wasps can also detect host species, enabling a better understanding of host species and providing insights into food webs.

Inhibition of miR-146b-5p alleviates isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy via regulating DFCP1.

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy often precedes heart failure due to various stimuli, yet effective clinical interventions remain limited. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as critical regulators of cardiovascular development. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-146b-5p and its underlying mechanisms of action in cardiac hypertrophy. Isoprenaline (ISO) treatment induced significant hypertrophy and markedly enhanced the expression of miR-146b-5p in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and hearts of C57BL/6 mice. Transfection with the miR-146b-5p mimic led to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy accompanied by autophagy inhibition. Conversely, miR-146b-5p inhibition significantly alleviated ISO-induced autophagy depression, thereby mitigating cardiac hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the autophagy-related mediator double FYVE domain-containing protein 1 (DFCP1) is a target of miR-146b-5p. MiR-146b-5p blocked autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes by suppressing DFCP1, thus contributing to hypertrophy. These findings revealed that miR-146b-5p is a potential regulator of autophagy associated with the onset of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting a possible therapeutic strategy involving the inhibition of miR-146b-5p.

Effects of music therapy on degree of cooperation with anesthesia induction and preoperative anxiety in children with simple congenital heart disease: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a common preoperative symptom in children with simple congenital heart disease (SCHD). Music therapy shows potential as a non-drug intervention. However, it is unclear how it impacts the level of cooperation during the induction of anesthesia and preoperative anxiety, as well as the factors that influence its effectiveness. Therefore, we will conduct a comprehensive review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of music therapy on the level of cooperation during anesthesia induction and preoperative anxiety in children with SCHD. METHODS: Electronic searches will be conducted through various databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, and CNKI to gather randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the impact of music therapy on the level of cooperation during anesthesia induction and preoperative anxiety among children with SCHD. Two evaluators will independently review the literature, extract information, and assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Afterwards, data analysis will be conducted using Stata 14.0 software and Revman 5.4 software. The results will be based on random-effects models. The reliability and quality of evidence will be evaluated by using the Grading of Recommendations, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Heterogeneity will be examined by subgroup analysis stratified by age, gender ratio, type of surgery, drop-out rate, measurement tools, and country of origin. We will assess potential publication bias using funnel plot symmetrical and Begg's ang Egger's regression tests. DISCUSSION: Given the multiple advantages that may be associated with music therapy, this therapy may be a desirable alternative to existing therapies for preoperative cooperation and anxiety issues in children with SCHD. We hope that this systematic review will guide clinical decision-making for future efforts related to coping with preoperative fit and anxiety in children with SCHD. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023445313. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023445313.