[Perceptions and representations of workplace bullying: a comparative analysis between Italy and France]. / Percezioni e rappresentazioni del mobbing: un'analisi comparativa tra Italia e Francia.

SUMMARY: The aim of this research is to analyse the phenomenon of workplace bullying in two countries: Italy and France and trying to understand the differences among them. The words used to refer to it are respectively "mobbing" in Italy and "harcèlement moral" in France. The research analyse the phenomenon's characteristics through the opinion of an expert sample, belonging to different areas linked to their cultural background. They were selected by the researchers for their expertise and experience on this topic. The tool used was a semi-structured interview conducted in vivo by the researcher. The data resulting were processed as follow: a qualitative analysis was conducted through the production of short synthesis for each interview; a quantitative analysis was conducted through the attempt to standardize the qualitative answers in percentage data. The results shows the existence of different phenomenon's characteristics in the two countries.

Women and men, authors and victims of workplace bullying in Italy: a literature review.

INTRODUCTION: It is known in literature that women are frequently victims of murder, sexual assault and stalking. It is interesting to investigate the gender characterization when workplace bullying occurs. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the phenomenon of workplace bullying and to understand if there are any relevant data about the gender aspects of workplace bullying by reviewing the literature in Italy. METHODS: Review of articles on a sample of Italian workers. The research question followed the P.E.C.O. model and the article selection is based on PRISMA statement. Fourteen research strings were applied on: Pubmed, Microsoft Academic e Science Direct. A total of 32 articles were selected. RESULTS: There are few studies in which gender differences on workplace bullying and crimes related are analysed, in some cases it is considered in the research but not in the results section (n=6 articles). In the studies selected women are predominantly victims (n=10 articles), the aggressors instead are usually men (n=2 articles). The attacks suffered by women are frequently discriminations due to family management, children and gender related issues (n=6 articles). Men have the major consequences on mental health if compared to women (n=7 articles). CONCLUSIONS: Gender is relevant in the characterization of workplace bullying. There is a need for further investigation focusing on gender differences between perpetrators and victims of workplace bullying offences. A unique evaluation protocol is necessary for evaluating workplace bullying, the crimes linked to it and gender differences, to obtain a more accurate comparability of data.