RESUMO
We present the case of a 29-year-old patient with multiple allergies, mild asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis who reported a history of esophageal impactions after ingestion of solid foods. These episodes resolved spontaneously at home and by self-induced vomiting and never required endoscopic removal. The patient presented to the emergency department due to a sensation of food impaction lasting more than 12 hours after eating meat the night before, which did not subside with the intake of liquids or self-induced vomiting. Endoscopic evaluation was requested for foreign body extraction. A meat bolus impacted in the distal esophagus was easily removed using a Roth basket, revealing a severe esophageal stricture that prevented passage of the endoscope into the gastric cavity. Furthermore, in the same area where the foreign body was previously located, a deep esophageal tear was seen. Given the high suspicion of perforation, the patient was examined, and thoracic and cervical crepitation was observed. It was decided to immediately insert, with only endoscopic control, a partially covered Ultraflex® esophageal stent measuring 18 mm in diameter and 15 cm in length. After insertion, clinical improvement and cessation of crepitation were observed.
RESUMO
La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en una primera aproximación, se puede definir como la rama de la computación que estudia la automatización del comportamiento inteligente. La investigación en este campo ha llevado al desarrollo de herramientas computacionales específicas, entre las cuales se cuentan una gran diversidad de formalismos de representación de conocimientos y de algoritmos que los aplican, además de los lenguajes, estructuras de datos y técnicas de programación utilizados para su implementación. Este mecanismo es el que intentan imitar los programas de inteligencia artificial llamados sistemas expertos o sistemas basados en el conocimiento. La Empresa SOFTEL, perteneciente al Ministerio de la Informática y las Comunicaciones (MIC), desde sus inicios desarrolló la informática médica, y dentro de ésta la rama de Inteligencia Artificial en aplicaciones como INFOTOXI, encargado de controlar y diagnosticar intoxicación por productos tóxicos en centros dedicados a este tema; GERISOFT, para la Atención Primaria de Salud del adulto mayor y el SEAA, Sistema de Ayuda Diagnóstica en la Asistencia Primaria. Para desarrollar estos sistemas se apoyaron en el conocimiento de médicos especialistas del Ministerio de Salud Pública (MINSAP) en calidad de expertos. Dichos sistemas fueron instalados en diferentes unidades del sistema de salud(AU)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in a first approximation can be defined as the branch of computer science that studies the automation of intelligent behavior. This research has led to the development of specific computational tools, which include a wide range of knowledge representation formalisms and related algorithms, in addition to the language of data structures and programming techniques used for its implementation. This mechanism is attempting to imitate the programs of artificial intelligence known as expert systems or knowledge-based systems. Softel Company, owned by the Ministry of Informatics and Communications (MIC), from its inception has developed medical informatics within this branch of artificial intelligence in applications such as INFOTOXI, in charge of monitoring and diagnosing poisoning by toxic products in centers devoted to this theme; GER-ISOFT, for Primary Health Care for the elderly and SAAS System Diagnostic Support in Primary Care. The development of these systems was supported in the knowledge of specialist doctors from the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba (MINSAP), in quality of experts in their respective subjects. These systems are deployed in different units of the health system(AU)