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1.
Can J Anaesth ; 71(1): 127-142, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37932652

RESUMO

PURPOSE: We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of anemia and anemia severity on patient outcomes in cardiac surgery and determine whether preoperative treatments confer postoperative benefit. SOURCE: We searched four international databases for observational and randomized studies published until 1 October 2022. Study quality was assessed via Newcastle-Ottawa scores and the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool and certainty of evidence was rated with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses for our primary outcome of mortality, for secondary outcomes including length of stay (LOS) in the hospital and intensive care unit, and for postsurgical complications. As part of a secondary analysis, we analyzed short-term preoperative anemia treatments and conducted trial sequential analysis of randomized trials to assess the efficacy of these treatment programs. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We included 35 studies (159,025 patients) in our primary meta-analysis. Preoperative anemia was associated with increased mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 to 2.9; P < 0.001, high certainty). Study-level meta-regression revealed lower hemoglobin levels and studies with lower proportions of male patients to be associated with increased risk of mortality. Preoperative anemia was also associated with an increase in LOS and postsurgical complications. Our secondary analysis (seven studies, 1,012 patients) revealed short-term preoperative anemia treatments did not significantly reduce mortality (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.9; P = 0.69). Trial sequential analysis suggested that there was insufficient evidence to conclude if treatment programs yield any benefit or harm. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative anemia is associated with mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery. More research is warranted to test the efficacy of current anemia treatment programs. STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42022319431); first submitted 17 April 2023.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Notre objectif était de mener une revue systématique et une méta-analyse pour évaluer les effets de l'anémie et de la gravité de l'anémie sur les devenirs des patient·es en chirurgie cardiaque et déterminer si les traitements préopératoires conféraient un bénéfice postopératoire. SOURCES: Nous avons réalisé des recherches dans quatre bases de données internationales pour en extraire des études observationnelles et randomisées publiées jusqu'au 1er octobre 2022. La qualité des études a été évaluée à l'aide des scores de Newcastle-Ottawa et de l'outil Cochrane 2 sur le risque de biais, et la certitude des données probantes a été évaluée selon l'approche GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations). Nous avons réalisé des méta-analyses à effets aléatoires pour notre critère d'évaluation principal de mortalité, pour les critères d'évaluation secondaires, notamment la durée du séjour à l'hôpital et à l'unité de soins intensifs, et pour les complications postopératoires. Dans le cadre d'une analyse secondaire, nous avons examiné les traitements préopératoires de l'anémie à court terme et effectué une analyse séquentielle d'études randomisées afin d'évaluer l'efficacité de ces modalités de traitement. CONSTATATIONS PRINCIPALES: Nous avons inclus 35 études portant sur 159 025 patient·es dans notre méta-analyse. L'anémie préopératoire était associée à une augmentation de la mortalité (rapport de cotes [RC], 2,5; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 %, 2,2 à 2,9; P < 0,001, certitude élevée). La méta-régression au niveau de l'étude a révélé que des taux d'hémoglobine plus faibles et des études avec des proportions plus faibles de patients masculins étaient associées à un risque accru de mortalité. L'anémie préopératoire était également associée à une augmentation de la durée de séjour et des complications postopératoires. Notre analyse secondaire (sept études, 1012 patient·es) a révélé que les traitements préopératoires de l'anémie à court terme ne réduisaient pas significativement la mortalité (RC, 1,1; IC 95 %, 0,65 à 1,9; P = 0,69). L'analyse séquentielle des études a suggéré qu'il n'y avait pas suffisamment de données probantes pour conclure si les modalités de traitement entraînaient un bénéfice ou un préjudice. CONCLUSION: L'anémie préopératoire est associée à la mortalité et à la morbidité après une chirurgie cardiaque. D'autres recherches sont justifiées pour tester l'efficacité des programmes actuels de traitement de l'anémie. ENREGISTREMENT DE L'éTUDE: PROSPERO (CRD42022319431); première soumission le 17 avril 2023.


Assuntos
Anemia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Humanos , Masculino , Anemia/complicações , Anemia/epidemiologia , Anemia/terapia , Tempo de Internação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva
2.
Mol Microbiol ; 83(1): 208-23, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22111928

RESUMO

This study has identified horizontally acquired genomic regions of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 that regulate expression of the type III secretion (T3S) system encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). Deletion of O-island 51, a 14.93 kb cryptic prophage (CP-933C), resulted in a reduction in LEE expression and T3S. The deletion also had a reduced capacity to attach to epithelial cells and significantly reduced E. coli O157 excretion levels from sheep. Further characterization of O-island 51 identified a novel positive regulator of the LEE, encoded by ecs1581 in the E. coli O157:H7 strain Sakai genome and present but not annotated in the E. coli strain EDL933 sequence. Functionally important residues of ECs1581 were identified based on phenotypic variants present in sequenced E. coli strains and the regulator was termed RgdR based on a motif demonstrated to be important for stimulation of gene expression. While RgdR activated expression from the LEE1 promoter in the presence or absence of the LEE-encoded regulator (Ler), RgdR stimulation of T3S required ler and Ler autoregulation. RgdR also controlled the expression of other phenotypes, including motility, indicating that this new family of regulators may have a more global role in E. coli gene expression.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Secreção Bacterianos , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Escherichia coli O157/virologia , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Prófagos/genética , Animais , Escherichia coli O157/genética , Escherichia coli O157/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Deleção de Genes , Humanos , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Prófagos/fisiologia , Ovinos
3.
Urology ; 73(5): 1021-3, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19193414

RESUMO

We describe the use of an ice-cold solution of Ringer's lactate with additives to ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury and avoid renal failure in a child with bilateral Wilms tumor requiring nonanatomic, hilar resection that would leave the patient with marginal renal parenchyma postoperatively. The adequate renal function afforded by the procedure avoided the possible need for dialysis and allowed the resection area to be irradiated to prevent tumor recurrence before eventual renal transplantation.


Assuntos
Crioterapia/métodos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Nefrectomia/métodos , Terapia de Salvação/métodos , Criança , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Testes de Função Renal , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Insuficiência Renal/prevenção & controle , Reoperação/métodos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Medição de Risco , Lactato de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Tumor de Wilms/diagnóstico por imagem , Tumor de Wilms/cirurgia
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