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Environ Sci Technol ; 58(5): 2346-2359, 2024 Feb 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38267392

RESUMO

Ecological role of the viral community on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (reduction vs proliferation) remains unclear in anaerobic digestion (AD). Metagenomics revealed a dominance of Siphoviridae and Podoviridae among 13,895 identified viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) within AD, and only 21 of the vOTUs carried ARGs, which only accounted for 0.57 ± 0.43% of AD antibiotic resistome. Conversely, ARGs locating on plasmids and integrative and conjugative elements accounted for above 61.0%, indicating a substantial potential for conjugation in driving horizontal gene transfer of ARGs within AD. Virus-host prediction based on CRISPR spacer, tRNA, and homology matches indicated that most viruses (80.2%) could not infect across genera. Among 480 high-quality metagenome assembly genomes, 95 carried ARGs and were considered as putative antibiotic-resistant bacteria (pARB). Furthermore, lytic phages of 66 pARBs were identified and devoid of ARGs, and virus/host abundance ratios with an average value of 71.7 indicated extensive viral activity and lysis. The infectivity of lytic phage was also elucidated through laboratory experiments concerning changes of the phage-to-host ratio, pH, and temperature. Although metagenomic evidence for dissemination of ARGs by phage transduction was found, the higher proportion of lytic phages infecting pARBs suggested that the viral community played a greater role in reducing ARB numbers than spreading ARGs in AD.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Bacteriófagos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anaerobiose , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina , Genes Bacterianos , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina , Bactérias/genética , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/genética , Bacteriófagos/genética , Metagenômica
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