"Be sustainable": EOSC-Life recommendations for implementation of FAIR principles in life science data handling.

The main goals and challenges for the life science communities in the Open Science framework are to increase reuse and sustainability of data resources, software tools, and workflows, especially in large-scale data-driven research and computational analyses. Here, we present key findings, procedures, effective measures and recommendations for generating and establishing sustainable life science resources based on the collaborative, cross-disciplinary work done within the EOSC-Life (European Open Science Cloud for Life Sciences) consortium. Bringing together 13 European life science research infrastructures, it has laid the foundation for an open, digital space to support biological and medical research. Using lessons learned from 27 selected projects, we describe the organisational, technical, financial and legal/ethical challenges that represent the main barriers to sustainability in the life sciences. We show how EOSC-Life provides a model for sustainable data management according to FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) principles, including solutions for sensitive- and industry-related resources, by means of cross-disciplinary training and best practices sharing. Finally, we illustrate how data harmonisation and collaborative work facilitate interoperability of tools, data, solutions and lead to a better understanding of concepts, semantics and functionalities in the life sciences.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Improves Sleep Outcomes in Individuals With Concussion: A Preliminary Randomized Wait-List Control Study.

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the gold standard treatment for insomnia, but there is limited evidence on the treatment effect of CBT-I in individuals after a concussion. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment effect of CBT-I on sleep outcomes and postconcussion symptoms. SETTING: This study was conducted at an academic institution. The CBT-I sessions were conducted using a teleconferencing system (Zoom). PARTICIPANTS: Participants were eligible to participate if they were at least 4 weeks post- concussion, aged 18 to 64 years, and scored 10 or more on the Insomnia Severity Index. A total of 40 people were enrolled; 32 participants were included in analyses. DESIGN: This was a randomized controlled wait-list study. Participants were randomized into starting the CBT-I intervention immediately after the baseline assessment or into the wait-list group for 6 weeks before starting CBT-I. Assessments were performed at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 weeks. MAIN MEASURES: The primary outcome was the Insomnia Severity Index. Secondary measures included the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, and Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Statistical analyses included a repeated-measures analysis of variance, t tests, and mixed linear regression modeling. RESULTS: There was a group-by-time interaction for the sleep outcomes but not for the concussion or mood outcomes. Differences were seen between groups on sleep outcomes, symptom severity, and depression. The treatment effect was maintained following CBT-I for all outcomes. Improvement in sleep outcomes was predictive of improvement in postconcussion symptom severity and number of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: CBT-I reduces insomnia in individuals with concussions, and improved sleep was associated with lower postconcussion and mood symptoms. These effects were maintained 6 to 12 weeks following the intervention.

Investigating the Mitoprotective Effects of S1P Receptor Modulators Ex Vivo Using a Novel Semi-Automated Live Imaging Set-Up.

In multiple sclerosis (MS), mitochondrial alterations appear to contribute to disease progression. The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator siponimod is approved for treating secondary progressive MS. Its preceding compound fingolimod was shown to prevent oxidative stress-induced alterations in mitochondrial morphology. Here, we assessed the effects of siponimod, compared to fingolimod, on neuronal mitochondria in oxidatively stressed hippocampal slices. We have also advanced the model of chronic organotypic hippocampal slices for live imaging, enabling semi-automated monitoring of mitochondrial alterations. The slices were prepared from B6.Cg-Tg(Thy1-CFP/COX8A)S2Lich/J mice that display fluorescent neuronal mitochondria. They were treated with hydrogen peroxide (oxidative stress paradigm) ± 1 nM siponimod or fingolimod for 24 h. Afterwards, mitochondrial dynamics were investigated. Under oxidative stress, the fraction of motile mitochondria decreased and mitochondria were shorter, smaller, and covered smaller distances. Siponimod partly prevented oxidatively induced alterations in mitochondrial morphology; for fingolimod, a similar trend was observed. Siponimod reduced the decrease in mitochondrial track displacement, while both compounds significantly increased track speed and preserved motility. The novel established imaging and analysis tools are suitable for assessing the dynamics of neuronal mitochondria ex vivo. Using these approaches, we showed that siponimod at 1 nM partially prevented oxidatively induced mitochondrial alterations in chronic brain slices.

Sleep disturbance in cancer survivors with lymphedema: a scoping review.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the amount and scope of knowledge on sleep disturbance in cancer survivors who have lymphedema. The research question investigated was "what are the known sleep disturbances in cancer survivors with lymphedema?" METHODS: A literature search was performed on February 15 to March 27, 2021, in four databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and structure recommended by Arksey and O'Malley. An iterative process of study selection was performed by two reviewers for abstract and full-text review. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools were used to analyze study quality. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-one unique references were reviewed, and seven met the inclusion criteria. One article had the primary aim of assessing sleep and noted that the presence of lymphedema did increase the risk for sleep disturbance. Four cross-sectional studies compared sleep quality between cancer survivors with lymphedema and cancer survivors without lymphedema. These studies found that lymphedema is a significant predictor of insomnia and is a risk factor for insomnia. Two randomized control trials compared sleep among breast cancer survivors with lymphedema after an intervention. Sleep improved with a yoga intervention and was unchanged after adding a night-time compression garment. CONCLUSION: In this scoping review, breast and gynecological cancer survivors with lymphedema report increased sleep disturbance compared to survivors without lymphedema. Further research is needed to characterize the specific sleep disturbances in cancer survivors with lymphedema for improved screening and treatment.

How Occupational Therapists Assess and Address the Occupational Domain of Sleep: A Survey Study.

IMPORTANCE: Sleep is a foundational occupation in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (2nd ed.), yet little is known about how occupational therapists assess and address sleep in practice. OBJECTIVE: To survey practicing occupational therapists' comfort with their level of knowledge about sleep, how they are assessing and addressing sleep in clinical practice, and the amount of sleep-related education they have received. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey study. SETTING: Electronic survey. PARTICIPANTS: Practicing occupational therapists were invited to participate in November 2020. Survey invitations were sent via email targeting occupational therapists serving as clinical instructors. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The survey consisted of 41 items assessing comfort with sleep knowledge, occupation of sleep, and sleep education received. This survey was modified from a previous survey and tailored to the occupational therapy profession. RESULTS: A total of 169 occupational therapists completed the survey. Most (87%) agreed that sleep was an occupation, but only 44% evaluated their clients' sleep, and 30% established treatment goals pertaining to sleep. In addition, 66% reported not receiving education about sleep in their entry-level occupational therapy program, and 78% reported receiving no continuing education about sleep in the past 2 yr. Most (92%) reported that occupational therapists should be better prepared to evaluate and treat sleep after graduation. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Most occupational therapists identified sleep as an area of occupation but had limited knowledge of how to assess and address sleep in practice. Entry-level occupational therapy education programs must enhance sleep-related curricula, and continuing education programs tailored to sleep issues within occupational therapists' practice are needed. What This Article Adds: The results of this study indicate gaps in occupational therapists' knowledge regarding how best to assess and treat sleep problems. We offer next steps to improve the profession's capacity to address the occupation of sleep.

Does cognitive-behavioural therapy improve sleep outcomes in individuals with traumatic brain injury: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Insomnia symptoms are common after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) to treat sleep disturbances and insomnia (CBT-I) has been used to improve sleep outcomes. It is unclear if CBT/CBT-I is efficacious in individuals with a TBI. This review was performed to evaluate the use of CBT/CBT-I in individuals with a TBI who also endorse insomnia and concomitant symptoms. METHODS: Literature searches were conducted in June 2019. A total of 861 articles were found. The full text of 14 articles was reviewed for inclusion/exclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was conducted to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS: Five articles met the criteria. Two articles were pilot-randomized control trials and three were case studies. The review indicates that individuals participating in CBT/CBT-I reported increased sleep efficiency, sleep quality, and reduced insomnia symptoms and concomitant symptoms. The major source of bias is a limited number of participants across all studies. CONCLUSION: This review provides evidence that CBT/CBT-I following a TBI can improve sleep outcomes and reduce concomitant symptoms. More robust studies are needed due to limited number of randomized control trials to determine if CBT/CBT-I is an effective treatment in individuals with TBI.

Telehealth-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study.

Background: Over 50% of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) have moderate or severe sleep disturbances, insomnia being the most common. In-person cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (F2F-CBTi) is currently the first-line treatment for insomnia. However, given potential limitations to access including mobility difficulty, fatigue, or living in a rural area, telehealth-delivered CBT-I (tele-CBTi) has been considered as an alternative treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and treatment effect of tele-CBTi in people with MS and compare it to outcomes from a F2F-CBTi study in individuals with MS. Methods: 11 individuals with MS and symptoms of insomnia participated in 6 weekly CBT-I sessions with a trained CBT-I provider via live video. Insomnia severity (ISI), sleep quality (PSQI), and fatigue severity (FSS and MFIS) were assessed pre- and posttreatment as primary outcomes. Sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE) and total sleep time (TST) from the PSQI, depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), sleep self-efficacy (SSES), and quality of life (MSIS-29) were also assessed pre- and posttreatment as secondary outcomes. Results: Participants resided in 9 different states. Retention and adherence rates were 100%. There were significant improvements in ISI, PSQI, MFIS, FSS, SOL, SSES, PHQ-9, and MSIS-29, but not SE, TST, or GAD-7. There were no significant differences between the F2F-CBTi group and tele-CBTi group for magnitude of change in the primary outcomes (ISI, PSQI, MFIS, and FSS) or the secondary outcomes (SOL, SE, TST, SSES, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and MSIS-29). Conclusions: Tele-CBTi is feasible and has outcome measures that are similar to that of in-person CBT-I treatment. Tele-CBTi may increase access to insomnia treatment in individuals with MS.

Social support predicts sleep quality in people with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Poor sleep quality is one of the most prominent patient-reported problems in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in PwMS having less contact with physicians, therapists, support groups, and family, which led to decreased access to typical supports. The purpose of this study was to assess how social support impacted sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in PwMS within the United States. METHODS: Anonymous surveys were utilized to gather data from February - May 2021 from 209 PwMS during their return appointments (face-to-face and virtual) at the University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC)'s MS Clinic in the United States. SPSS 27 was used to run four regressions in order to determine if social support predicted sleep quality with and without the inclusion of covariates (age, education, disability, anxiety/depression). RESULTS: The results indicate that overall feelings of being socially supported predict sleep quality. Additionally, various facets of social support predict sleep quality, even when controlling for covariates. Interestingly, while depression and anxiety were significant predictors of sleep quality, those constructs do not attenuate the social support-sleep relationship. CONCLUSION: These findings will provide key information pertaining to the association between social support and sleep in PwMS during COVID-19 where typical supports were limited. Understanding the challenges facing those living with chronic illnesses, specifically PwMS, will help researchers and clinicians alike create interventions to promote social support in the midst of a global pandemic.

Assessing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia to Improve Sleep Outcomes in Individuals With a Concussion: Protocol for a Delayed Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances post concussion have been associated with more frequent and severe concussion symptoms and may contribute to poorer recovery. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an effective treatment for insomnia; however, it remains unclear if this treatment method is effective in improving sleep outcomes and reducing concomitant postconcussion symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The hypotheses for this study are that (1) CBT-I will improve sleep outcomes and (2) CBT-I will improve concomitant postconcussion symptoms. METHODS: In total, 40 individuals who are within ≥4 weeks of postconcussion injury and have insomnia symptoms will be enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Participants will be randomized into either a group that starts a 6-week CBT-I program immediately after baseline or a waitlist control group that starts CBT-I following a 6-week waiting period. All participants will be reassessed 6, 12, and 18 weeks after baseline. Standardized assessments measuring sleep outcomes, postconcussion symptoms, and mood will be used. Linear regression and t tests will be used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Enrollment of 40 participants was completed July 2022, data collection will be completed in November 2022, and publication of main findings is anticipated in May 2023. It is anticipated that participants experience reduced insomnia symptoms and postconcussion symptoms following CBT-I and these improvements will be retained for at least 12 weeks. Additionally, we expect to observe a positive correlation between sleep and postconcussion symptom improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Successful completion of this pilot study will allow for a better understanding of the treatment of insomnia and postconcussion symptoms in individuals following a concussion. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04885205; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04885205. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/38608.

Sleep Disturbances in the Acute Stage of Concussion are Associated With Poorer Long-Term Recovery: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between sleep during the acute stage of concussion and long-term outcomes. LITERATURE SURVEY: Literature searches were performed 1 July 2018 to 1 August 2018 in Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science, along with hand searching for gray literature and cited references. Of the 610 search results, 359 unique references were reviewed after duplicates were removed. METHODOLOGY: Two reviewers independently reviewed and came to consensus on which titles/abstracts met inclusion/exclusion criteria (n = 23). The 23 full-text articles were assessed independently by the same two reviewers for eligibility. Consensus was achieved, leaving four articles for quality assessment and data extraction. One person extracted relevant data from each study using a standard data-extraction table. The data extraction table was reviewed by two reviewers and consensus was achieved for completeness and accuracy. Quality appraisal was conducted to assess the risk for potential bias and quality of included articles. SYNTHESIS: Two of the articles included children younger than 16 years old and two included a wide age range. In general, poorer sleep was associated with poorer outcomes following concussion at reassessments across any age population. In addition, poorer sleep in the acute stage of concussion was associated with poorer long-term outcomes and recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The variability in sleep assessments used, symptoms assessed, length of time to reassessments, and comparator group included made data synthesis challenging. The use of standard valid and reliable sleep assessments is recommended. Future studies may consider if addressing sleep disturbances early following concussion will improve longer-term outcomes.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia to enhance cognitive function and reduce the rate of Aß deposition in older adults with symptoms of insomnia: A single-site randomized pilot clinical trial protocol.

Lifestyle interventions to increase exercise and improve diet have been the focus of recent clinical trials to potentially prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, despite the strong links between sleep disruptions, cognitive decline, and AD, sleep enhancement has yet to be targeted as a lifestyle intervention to prevent AD. A recent meta-analysis suggests that approximately 15% of AD may be prevented by an efficacious intervention aimed to reduce sleep disturbances and sleep disorders. Chronic insomnia is the most frequent sleep disorder occurring in at least 40% of older adults. Individuals with insomnia are more likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and demonstrate decline in cognitive function at long-term follow-up. AD is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) plaques and tau tangles in the brain, and growing evidence shows impaired sleep contributes to the accumulation of Aß. An intervention aimed at improving insomnia may be a critical opportunity for primary prevention to slow cognitive decline and potentially delay the onset of AD. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an efficacious treatment for insomnia, but the use of CBT-I to improve cognitive function and potentially reduce the rate of Aß accumulation has never been examined. Therefore, the objective of the proposed study is to examine the efficacy of CBT-I on improving cognitive function in older adults with symptoms of insomnia. An exploratory aim is to assess the effect of CBT-I on rate of Aß accumulation.

Limitation of oxygenic photosynthesis and oxygen consumption by phosphate and organic nitrogen in a hypersaline microbial mat: a microsensor study.

Microbial mats are characterized by high primary production but low growth rates, pointing to a limitation of growth by the lack of nutrients or substrates. We identified compounds that instantaneously stimulated photosynthesis rates and oxygen consumption rates in a hypersaline microbial mat by following the short-term response (c. 6 h) of these processes to addition of nutrients, organic and inorganic carbon compounds, using microsensors. Net photosynthesis rates were not stimulated by compound additions. However, both gross photosynthesis and oxygen consumption were substantially stimulated (by a minimum of 25%) by alanine (1 mM) and glutamate (3.5 mM) as well as by phosphate (0.1 mM). A low concentration of ammonium (0.1 mM) did not affect photosynthesis and oxygen consumption, whereas a higher concentration (3.5 mM) decreased both process rates. High concentrations of glycolate (5 mM) and phosphate (1 mM) inhibited gross photosynthesis but not oxygen consumption, leading to a decrease of net photosynthesis. Photosynthesis was not stimulated by addition of inorganic carbon, nor was oxygen consumption stimulated by organic compounds like glycolate (5 mM) or glucose (5 mM), indicating that carbon was efficiently cycled within the mat. Photosynthesis and oxygen consumption were apparently tightly coupled, because stimulations always affected both processes to the same extent, which resulted in unchanged net photosynthesis rates. These findings illustrate that microsensor techniques, due to their ability to quantify all three processes, can clarify community responses to nutrient enrichment studies much better than techniques that solely monitor net fluxes.

Predictors of patient education by bone densitometry technologists.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated which factors predict the likelihood of densitometry technologists counseling their patients about osteoporosis prevention. METHOD: Predictors of osteoporosis prevention patient education by bone densitometry technologists were analyzed in a sample of 417 radiologic technologists with ARRT advanced certification in bone densitometry and 158 densitometry technologists, none of whom were ARRT certified in bone densitometry. RESULTS: The regression model accounted for 41% of the variation in reports of bone health counseling. Densitometry technologists with high internal motivation and low personal barriers reported educating their patients about osteoporosis prevention. CONCLUSION: Recommendations for increasing bone health promotion include increasing personal interest through sensitivity training, expanding delivery by promoting models for clinical implementation and creating educational opportunities to strengthen counseling skills.

Using mobile electronic devices to deliver educational resources in developing countries.

BACKGROUND: Developing countries have far fewer trained radiography professionals than developed countries, which exacerbates the limited access to imaging services. The lack of trained radiographers reflects, in part, limited availability of radiographer-specific educational resources. Historically, organizations that provided such resources in the developing world faced challenges related to the limited stock of current materials as well as expenses associated with shipping and delivery. METHODS: Four mobile electronic devices (MEDs) were loaded with educational content (e-books, PDFs, and digital applications) spanning major radiography topics. The MEDs were distributed to 4 imaging departments in Ghana, India, Nepal, and Nigeria based on evidence of need for radiography-specific resources, as revealed by survey responses. A cost comparison of postal delivery vs digital delivery of educational content was performed. The effectiveness of delivering additional content via Wi-Fi transmission also was evaluated. Feedback was solicited on users' experience with the MEDs as a delivery tool for educational content. RESULTS: An initial average per e-book expense of $30.05, which included the cost of the device, was calculated for the MED delivery method compared with $15.56 for postal delivery of printed materials. The cost of the MED delivery method was reduced to an average of $10.05 for subsequent e-book deliveries. Additional content was successfully delivered via Wi-Fi transmission to all recipients during the 3-month follow-up period. Overall user feedback on the experience was positive, and ideas for enhancing the MED-based method were identified. CONCLUSION: Using MEDs to deliver radiography-specific educational content appears to be more cost effective than postal delivery of printed materials on a long-term basis. MEDs are more efficient for providing updates to educational materials. Customization of content to department needs, and using projector devices could enhance the usefulness of MEDs for radiographer training.

Effective patient education in medical imaging: public perceptions of radiation exposure risk.

Patients perceptions of risk for harm influence their decisions concerning medical procedures and feelings of satisfaction with medical care choices. Radiologic technologists, dental hygienists, and other allied health professionals frequently are asked by patients to explain the radiation exposure dose and health risk associated with an imaging procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiation risk perceptions within the community to develop an effective patient education strategy for health professionals based on the responses of 200 participants in a cross-sectional survey. Less than half of the adults responding to the survey agreed with experts regarding the risk of radiation exposure from various sources, and 75% to 90% of the responders thought that imaging providers should be highly educated and highly regulated. With efficacious patient education, appropriate risk comparisons can be made in simple terminology by addressing the public's knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes toward sources of radiation exposure.

Health literacy: universal precautions needed.

Inadequate health literacy adversely affects health care outcomes and the quality of life of 90 million Americans and costs the health care system dollars 73 billion annually. Current strategies addressing inadequate health literacy primarily target physicians, nurses, and pharmacists but omit the allied health practitioners responsible for providing most patient services. The 2003 Coalition for Allied Health Leadership Health Literacy Project team undertook a survey of allied health professionals and educators to assess their awareness and needs concerning inadequate health literacy. Less than one third of all respondents were aware of the issues surrounding health literacy or that health literacy resources are available or had institutional policy or goals to address health literacy. Brochures and videos were identified most frequently as new resources needed to establish or increase the effectiveness of health literacy awareness programs. The results of this project indicated that there is substantial opportunity to increase awareness of the impact of health literacy, to develop and assess institutional policies toward health literacy, and to create new resources to promote health literacy within the allied health professions. Any approach to improving health literacy must be universal by involving all health care professionals and all patients in the intervention.