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1.
Korean J Physiol Pharmacol ; 27(3): 221-230, 2023 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37078296

RESUMO

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious complications of diabetes. Although diabetic kidney disease can be effectively controlled through strict blood glucose management and corresponding symptomatic treatment, these therapies cannot reduce its incidence in diabetic patients. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and the traditional Chinese herb "Gegen" have been widely used in diabetes-related therapy. However, it remains unclear whether the combined use of these two kinds of medicines contributes to an increased curative effect on diabetic kidney disease. In this study, we examined this issue by evaluating the efficacy of the combination of puerarin, an active ingredient of Gegen, and canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor for a 12-week intervention using a mouse model of diabetes. The results indicated that the combination of puerarin and canagliflozin was superior to canagliflozin alone in improving the metabolic and renal function parameters of diabetic mice. Our findings suggested that the renoprotective effect of combined puerarin and canagliflozin in diabetic mice was achieved by reducing renal lipid accumulation. This study provides a new strategy for the clinical prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. The puerarin and SGLT2 inhibitor combination therapy at the initial stage of diabetes may effectively delay the occurrence of diabetic kidney injury, and significantly alleviate the burden of renal lipotoxicity.

2.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg ; 170(2): 309-319, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37727944

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: There is a link between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and the formation of benign vocal fold lesions (BVFLs). However, previous studies have mainly focused on LPR suggested by symptoms and signs, rather than objectively diagnosed LPR via pharyngeal pH monitoring. We, therefore, conducted a Meta-analysis to evaluate the association between pharyngeal pH monitoring diagnosed LPR and the odds of BVFLs. DATA SOURCES: Relevant observational studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. REVIEW METHODS: We evaluated between-study heterogeneity using the Cochrane Q test and estimated the I2 statistic. Random-effects models were used when significant heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, fixed-effects models were used. RESULTS: Thirteen datasets from 9 studies were included. Among them, 493 were diagnosed with LPR and 344 had BVFLs. LPR was related to a higher odds of BVFLs (odds ratio: 3.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.84-5.76, P < .001) with moderate heterogeneity (P for Cochrane Q test = .006, I2 = 57%). Subgroup analyses showed that the association was similar in studies with only pharyngeal pH monitoring (Restech), with double-probe or 3-site pH monitoring, and with 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (P for subgroup difference = .15). In addition, subgroup analysis showed consistent results in studies from Asia and Europe (P for subgroup analysis = .12), and the association seemed to be consistent for vocal Reinke's edema, nodules, and polyps (P for subgroup difference = .09). CONCLUSION: Pharyngeal pH monitoring diagnosed LPR is associated with the formation of BVFLs.


Assuntos
Refluxo Laringofaríngeo , Prega Vocal , Humanos , Monitoramento do pH Esofágico , Refluxo Laringofaríngeo/diagnóstico , Faringe , Pólipos
3.
Artigo em Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22931819

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between noise and blood pressure and/or hypertension, and its age characteristic. METHODS: The pure tone audiometric and blood pressure examinations were performed in 14537 workers from 157 factories. Hearing impairment was used as a surrogate indicator of cumulated noise exposure. The associations of hearing impairment and duration of noise exposure with blood pressure and hypertension were analyzed respectively after age and gender stratification. RESULTS: Most of the objects were males (81.2%), younger than 35 years old (77.8%), and the duration of exposure to noise was less than 5 years (73.6%). The prevalence of hearing impairment in males was significantly higher than that in males, and increased with age and duration of noise exposure. Only in males with age younger than 35 years old, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of subjects with sensorineural hearing loss significantly enhanced, and the diastolic blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension increased with duration of noise exposure. The risk of hypertension in males with sensorineural hearing loss significantly increased, the odds ratios in subjects with age younger than 35 years old and with age older than 35 years old were 3.0 (95%CI: 1.5 ∼ 6.1) and 2.1 (95%CI: 1.2 ∼ 3.4), respectively. CONCLUSION: The severe hearing impairment induced by noise was associated with hypertension. It is suggested that people should pay attention to the effects of noise on hypertension in young workers.


Assuntos
Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Ruído Ocupacional , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
4.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng ; 7(5): 1817-1826, 2021 05 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33966375

RESUMO

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) has emerged as a pressing challenge to pulmonary infection and lung damage. The LL37 peptide is an efficient antimicrobial agent against PA strains, but its application is limited because of fast clearance in vivo, biosafety concerns, and low bioavailability. Thus, an albumin-based nanodrug delivery system with reduction sensitivity was developed by forming intermolecular disulfide bonds to increase in vivo LL37 performance against PA. Cationic LL37 can be efficiently encapsulated via electrostatic interactions to exert improved antimicrobial effects. The LL37 peptide exhibits greater than 48 h of sustained released from LL37 peptide nanoparticles (LL37 PNP), and prolonged antimicrobial effects were noted as the incubation time increased. Levels of inflammatory cytokines secreted by peritoneal macrophages, including TNF-α and IL-6, were reduced significantly after LL37 PNP treatment following PA stimulation, indicating that LL37 PNP inhibits PA growth and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. In a murine model of acute PA lung infection, LL37 PNP significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1ß expression and alleviated lung damage. The accelerated clearance of PA indicates that LL37 PNP could improve PA lung infection and the subsequent inflammation response more efficiently compared with free LL37 peptide. In conclusion, this excellent biocompatible LL37 delivery strategy may serve as an alternative approach for the application of new types of clinical treatment in future.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Albuminas , Animais , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Pulmão , Camundongos
5.
Mol Immunol ; 125: 178-186, 2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32717666

RESUMO

PM2.5, a major component of air pollutants, has caused severe health problems. It has been reported that PM2.5 index is closely associated with severity of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been addressed. NLRP3 inflammasome and type I interferon signaling regulate host defense against influenza infection. The present study investigated the potential effects of air pollutants on host defense against influenza infection in vitro and in vivo. In this study, different concentrations of PM2.5 were pre-exposed to macrophages and mice before IAV infection to assess the negative effects of air pollutants in virus infection. We found that exposure to PM2.5 deteriorated influenza virus infection via compromising innate immune responses manifested by a decrease IL-1ß and IFN-ß production in vitro. Meanwhile, mice exposed with PM2.5 were susceptible to PR8 virus infection due to down-regulation of IL-1ß and IFN-ß. Mechanistically, PM 2.5 exposure suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the AHR-TIPARP signaling pathway, by which compromised the anti-influenza immunity. Thus, our study revealed that PM2.5 could alter macrophage inflammatory responses by suppressing LPS-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and expression of IFN-ß during influenza infection. These findings provided us new insights in understanding that PM2.5 combining with influenza infection could enhance the severity of pneumonia.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/toxicidade , Inflamassomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Interferon beta/biossíntese , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Material Particulado/toxicidade , Animais , Inflamassomos/imunologia , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Interferon beta/imunologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/imunologia , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/metabolismo
6.
Front Immunol ; 10: 283, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30842778

RESUMO

The incidence of Aspergillus fumigatus infection and the rate of resistance to antifungal drugs have sharply increased in recent years. LL37 has been reported as a host defense peptide with broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. However, the role of LL37 during A. fumigatus infection remains unclear. Here, we examined the interaction between LL37 and A. fumigatus and found that synthetic LL37 could directly bind to the surface of A. fumigatus, disrupting the integrity of the cell wall in vitro. LL37 inhibited mycelial growth in a concentration-dependent manner, rather than fungicidal effect even at high concentration (e.g., 20 µM). Interestingly, low concentrations of LL37 (e.g., 4 µM) significantly attenuated mycelial adhesion and prevented the invasion and destruction of epithelial cells. Following LL37 treatment, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines released by A. fumigatus-stimulated macrophages decreased significantly, accompanied by downregulation of M1 type markers. In a mouse model of pulmonary A. fumigatus infection, LL37-treated mice showed lower amounts of fungi load, moderate pathological damage, and reduced proinflammatory cytokines. Further, LL37 transgenic mice (LL37+/+) were examined to investigate the effects of endogenous LL37 in an A. fumigatus infection model and showed lower susceptibility to A. fumigatus infection in comparison with wild-type mice. In addition, LL37 also played a protective role in an immunosuppressed mouse model of A. fumigatus infection. Thus, LL37 inhibits A. fumigatus infection via directly binding to mycelia and reducing excessive inflammation. LL37 or its analogs may therefore constitute potential drug components for A. fumigatus infection.


Assuntos
Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/metabolismo , Aspergilose/metabolismo , Aspergillus fumigatus/metabolismo , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Animais , Antifúngicos , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Feminino , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Inflamação/microbiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Virulência/fisiologia
7.
J Thorac Dis ; 10(7): 4387-4395, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30174887

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by viruses can develop severe complications, which result in hospitalization and death. The purpose of this study was to analyse the aetiology, incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of CAP patients with fever during non-pandemics, and then to provide theoretical basis for accurate diagnosis and treatment in CAP patients. METHODS: An enrolment system was established for monitoring the CAP patients with fever. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) kits were used to detect 10 viruses [influenza A and B, adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A and B, picornavirus, parainfluenza virus (PIV), coronavirus, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and bocavirus]. Data on age, gender, underlying diseases, complications, laboratory indexes, and outcomes were collected by physicians. RESULTS: This prospective study included 320 patients with fever. Among them, 23.4% were viral-positive by mPCR, with influenza virus most prominent followed by picornavirus. Strong variation in seasonal distribution was shown in viral infections, with peak months from December to February. Patients with influenza infection were likely to be taken to emergency rooms and have respiratory failure with higher creatinine kinase levels and lower white blood cell counts. Streptococcus pneumoniae followed by haemophilus influenzae were the most common bacteria in viral co-infections, which accounted for one third of virus-positive patients. Viral CAP and mixed CAP were not independent factors for death. In addition, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) >246 IU/L [odds ratio (OR) =7.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.15-23.2, P=0.001], and serum calcium <2.18 mmol/L (OR =6.67, 95% CI: 1.42-31.3, P=0.016) were associated with death. CONCLUSIONS: Viruses play an important role in CAP patients with fever, a systematic clinical, radiological and biological analysis of these patients can contribute to effective therapy that may prevent the development of CAP and improve the outcomes. The present work showed an elaborate analysis evidence of viral infection among fever CAP inpatients.

8.
Artigo em Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17535657

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of noise on bioactivity of norepinephrine (NE) and cardiovascular system. METHODS: A total of 130 workers exposed to the occupational noise in one enterprise were selected as noise exposure group, and 134 workers not exposed to the occupational noise and other poisons served as control group. Fasting venous blood was drawn to determine the content of NE in peripheral blood with ELISA. According to Occupational Health Surveillance Manage regulations, the occupational noise exposures crowd was examined. RESULTS: The average of NE in exposure group was (0.1387 +/- 0.099) ng/ml, and (0.1019 +/- 0.080) ng/ml in control group. There was significant difference in NE between exposure and control group. There was significant difference in the detection rate of BP, HR and ECG between exposure and control group. CONCLUSION: The occupation noise can increase the NE in peripheral blood, and maybe affects the cardiovascular system in this way.


Assuntos
Ruído Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Norepinefrina/sangue , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
9.
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi ; 9(4): 324-6, 2007 Aug.
Artigo em Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17706031

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of calcium and calmodulin dependent kinase against hypoxic neuronal injury and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Embryonic cortical neurons of 17-day pregnant embryo Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in vitro and the cultured neurons were randomly allocated into different groups that exposed to hypoxia or hypoxia +calcium channel antagonist. Nimodipine and MK-801 were used to block the L-voltage sensitive calcium channel and NMDA receptor respectively before hypoxia. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to determine the cell viability. Fluo-4AM, an intracellular calcium indictor, was used to detect the changes of intracellular calcium after hypoxia. The expressions of CaMKII and CaMKIV were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The cell viability of the nimodipine or MK-801-treated groups was significantly higher than that of the untreated hypoxia group. The intracellular calcium level of the nimodipine-treated group decreased rapidly after hypoxia. Compared to nimodipine treatment, MK-801 treatment could inhibit hypoxia-induced calcium influx for a longer time. Nimodipine treatment decreased the CaMKII expression while MK-801 treatment decreased the CaMKIV expression. CONCLUSIONS: Nimodipine and MK-801 protect neurons from hypoxic injury possibly by the inhibition of CaMKII and CaMKIV expressions respectively.


Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de Cálcio-Calmodulina/fisiologia , Hipóxia Celular , Neurônios/patologia , Animais , Cálcio/análise , Proteína Quinase Tipo 2 Dependente de Cálcio-Calmodulina , Proteína Quinase Tipo 4 Dependente de Cálcio-Calmodulina , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de Cálcio-Calmodulina/antagonistas & inibidores , Maleato de Dizocilpina/farmacologia , Feminino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Nimodipina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
10.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban ; 37(3): 373-7, 2006 May.
Artigo em Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16761411

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuroprotective function of BDNF on hypoxic- cultured neurons in vitro. METHODS: The embryonic cerebral cortical neurons of rat were cultured in vitro in hypoxic and non-hypoxic environments and were observed under transmission electron microscope. MTT colorimetry was used to detect the viability of the neurons. Both DAPI colorated measurement and TUNEL methods were used to calculate the percentages of neuron apoptosis. Three groups were designed and compared: Group A - normal control; Group B - exposed to hypoxia; Group C-BDNF intervened (with different dosages and durations) and exposed to hypoxia. RESULTS: The ultrastructural alterations of the hypoxic cultured neurons indicated that hypoxia induced necrosis, apoptosis or both. The neurons were most sensitive to hypoxia at the initial 10 hours. At six hours after hypoxic cultures, Group C had significant greater livability of neurons and less percentages of neuron apoptosis than Group B (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Hypoxia damages embryonic cerebral cortical neurons of rat in vitro. Extrinsic BDNF plays a neuroprotective role against hypoxic-induced neurotoxicity in vitro.


Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/farmacologia , Córtex Cerebral/citologia , Neurônios/ultraestrutura , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Animais , Hipóxia Celular , Células Cultivadas , Embrião de Mamíferos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
11.
Zhongguo Gu Shang ; 29(10): 892-897, 2016 Oct 25.
Artigo em Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29285906

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effects of surgical treatment with cable dragged reduction and cantilever beam internal fixation by posterior approach for odontoid fracture associated with atlantoaxial dislocation. METHODS: The clinical data of 12 patients with odontoid fracture associated with atlantoaxial dislocation from January 2008 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 4 females, ranging in age from 21 to 53 years with an average of 37.2 years. Eleven cases were fresh fracture and 1 case was old fracture, all patients complicated with atlantoaxial anterior dislocation. According to Anderson-D' Alonzo typing method modified by Grauer, 3 cases were type IIA, 5 cases were type IIB, 3 cases were type IIC, and 1 case was type IIIA. All patients underwent surgical treatment with cable dragged reduction and cantilever beam internal fixation by posterior approach. JOA score and ADI method were respectively used to evaluate the nerve function and reductive condition of atlantoaxial dislocation. RESULTS: All patients were followed up from 6 months to 2 years with an average of 1 year and 3 months. At 1 week, 6 months after operation, and final follow up, JOA scores were 13.2±1.3, 13.5±1.4, 14.3±1.5, respectively, and these data were obviously better than that of preoperative 8.3±1.4(P<0.05). Postoperative X rays and CT showed satisfactory reduction of atlantoaxial dislocation. At 1 week, 6 months after operation, and final follow up, ADI were (2.2±0.4), (2.4±0.6), (2.3±0.5) mm, respectively, and these data were obviously better than that of preoperative.(5.8±1.2) mm(P<0.05). All screws and cables had good location without looseness and breakage, and bone graft got fusion. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment with cable dragged reduction and cantilever beam internal fixation by posterior approach for odontoid fracture associated with atlantoaxial dislocation is a good method, with advantage of firm fixation and high safety. It could obtain good clinical effects.


Assuntos
Articulação Atlantoaxial/lesões , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Luxações Articulares/complicações , Processo Odontoide/lesões , Traumatismos da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Traumatismos da Coluna Vertebral/complicações , Resultado do Tratamento
12.
Exp Ther Med ; 11(5): 1767-1771, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27168800

RESUMO

Insulin is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, with its usage reaching 30-50% in Western countries. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between insulin dosage (ID)/insulin usage time (IT) and coronary artery lesions in patients of type 2 diabetes with coronary heart disease. Based on the insulin using dosage, 353 type 2 diabetes patients were divided into the high-dose (≥0.5 IU/kg) and low-dose (<0.5 IU/kg) group. Selected coronary angiography was performed and the Gensini score was used to determine the degree of the coronary artery lesions. The homeostasis model assessment-insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) index was assessed by HOMA2. Data including age, gender, smoking, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), glucose (Glu), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-peptide, ID, IT, diabetes duration time (DT), and IT/DT were collected. The association between insulin usage (both dose and time) and the coronary artery lesions in these patients was then determined. Statistical differences for the two groups for factors including C-peptide, HbA1c, ID, IT, DT, IT/DT and the Gensini score values (P<0.05) were identified. By contrast, no significant differences for factors such as gender, smoking history, age, BMI, TC, TG, LDL, HDL, fasting insulin, Glu, SBP and DBP were observed. The coronary artery damage Gensini score in insulin-insensitive individuals was significantly greater than that in the insulin-sensitive individuals. The Spearman analysis revealed that ID and IT, DT and IT/DT were positively correlated with the coronary artery damage Gensini score. The multivariate regression, the interquartile range method and receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that ID, ID/DT, IT had a greater effect on coronary vascular damage compared with DT. In conclusion, the degree of coronary artery lesions were correlated with ID, IT, DT, IT/DT. High doses of insulin or a high IT/DT ratio may aggravate coronary artery damage.

13.
Pest Manag Sci ; 72(3): 497-504, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25820984

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Elimination of selectable marker genes (SMGs) is important for the safe assessment and commercial use of transgenic plants. The destructive and invasive Colorado potato beetle (CPB) poses a serious threat to potato production. In response to this need, selectable marker-free transgenic potato lines expressing cry3A were developed to control the damage and spread of CPB. RESULTS: We simultaneously introduced cry3A and npt II genes harboured in different plasmids into the potato genome using the Agrobacterium-mediated cotransformation method. Four selectable marker-free transgenic potato (CT) lines expressing cry3A were developed by self-crossing segregation and molecular analyses, including Southern blot, western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays. CT lines were used in a resistance bioassay against CPB in the laboratory and field. In the laboratory, CT lines exhibited high resistance to CPB, and 100% mortality of first-instar larvae occurred 6 days after infestation. In the field, untransformed plant leaves were almost entirely consumed, with an average of 155 larvae present per plant 25 days after inoculation. However, CT lines showed no damage symptoms, with approximately 2.5 larvae surviving per plant. CONCLUSION: We successfully eliminated SMGs from the transgenic potato lines expressing cry3A in order to decrease CPB damage, control the spread of this pest eastwards and alleviate the concern regarding the safe assessment of regulatory requirements. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.


Assuntos
Bacillus thuringiensis/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/farmacologia , Besouros/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotoxinas/genética , Endotoxinas/farmacologia , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Proteínas Hemolisinas/farmacologia , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Animais , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Endotoxinas/química , Endotoxinas/metabolismo , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Proteínas Hemolisinas/química , Proteínas Hemolisinas/metabolismo , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/química , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética
14.
Sci Rep ; 5: 10343, 2015 Jul 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26179843

RESUMO

Cotton, an important commercial crop, is cultivated for its natural fibers, and requires an adequate supply of soil nutrients, including phosphorus, for its growth. Soil phosporus exists primarily in insoluble forms. We isolated a mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) gene, designated as GhmMDH1, from Gossypium hirsutum L. to assess its effect in enhancing P availability and absorption. An enzyme kinetic assay showed that the recombinant GhmMDH1 possesses the capacity to catalyze the interconversion of oxaloacetate and malate. The malate contents in the roots, leaves and root exudates was significantly higher in GhmMDH1-overexpressing plants and lower in knockdown plants compared with the wild-type control. Knockdown of GhmMDH1 gene resulted in increased respiration rate and reduced biomass whilst overexpression of GhmMDH1 gave rise to decreased respiration rate and higher biomass in the transgenic plants. When cultured in medium containing only insoluble phosphorus, Al-phosphorus, Fe-phosphorus, or Ca-phosphorus, GhmMDH1-overexpressing plants produced significantly longer roots and had a higher biomass and P content than WT plants, however, knockdown plants showed the opposite results for these traits. Collectively, our results show that GhmMDH1 is involved in plant and root growth under phosphorus deficiency conditions in cotton, owing to its functions in leaf respiration and P acquisition.


Assuntos
Genes de Plantas , Gossypium/enzimologia , Malato Desidrogenase/genética , Mitocôndrias/enzimologia , Fósforo/deficiência , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biomassa , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Gossypium/genética , Gossypium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Malato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Frações Subcelulares/enzimologia
15.
Yi Chuan Xue Bao ; 30(7): 631-6, 2003 Jul.
Artigo em Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14579531

RESUMO

A plant expression vector containing a chemeric Bt29K gene coding for the active Cry1Ac protein and the arrowhead proteinase inhibition gene API-B was introduced into an elite cotton cultivar Jihe 321 by Agrobactertium tumefaciens. Some insect-resistant cotton lines were developed. Segregation and stabilization of insect-resistant genes in six transformation lines were studied. Based on the results of kanamycin resistant test and insect bioassay using Heliethis armigera, PCR detection and Southern-blot, we found that the inheritance and segregation of Bt gene were complicated, some transformants were in accordance with Mendelian patterns of inheritance in the ratio of insect-resistant plants to non-resistant plants in Ti progeny, yet others were non-Mendelian patterns. But the inheritance and segregation of Bt gene in homozygous transformation lines were one or two pairs of major dominant genes through crossing of insect resistant homozygous lines with non-transformation cotton variety. That the insect resistance phenotype was conditioned by one or two pairs of dominant genes was ascertained in this study. There were two copies of Bt genes in two transformation lines DR248 and DR193, which was reported for the first time. The results were confirmed by Southern-blot. Through observation of segregation population of transgenic plants at different generations, we found that the exogenous Bt gene in cotton genome showed unstable in inheritance in early generations, but the gene could be stabilized through resistance screening generation by generation. The unstability of Bt gene may mean that it need time for the gene to compatibilize cotton genome.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas , Endotoxinas/genética , Gossypium/genética , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Transformação Genética , Animais , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Southern Blotting , Gossypium/parasitologia , Proteínas Hemolisinas , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas
16.
Yi Chuan Xue Bao ; 31(2): 183-8, 2004 Feb.
Artigo em Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15473310

RESUMO

The two disease-resistance genes chitinase and glucanase, which were respectively directed by commelina yellow mottle virus promoter (CoYMV, vascular specific) and CaMV35S promoter, were introduced into cotton genome via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transgenic plants were obtained from two popularly cultivated varieties Jihe321 and CRIC35. After screening by spraying kanamycin over unfolding leaves, the kanamycin resistance (KmR) plants were tested by PCR and Southern blot. The results showed that there were one or two inserts of transgenes in cotton genome. Performance test of resistance of T3 families in field and greenhouse showed that seven lines were resistant or tolerant to Verticillium dahliea. Meanwhile, the resistance at seedling stage in greenhouse was in accordance with that at the boll-setting stage in field. Among the seven lines, D9910, D9915 and D9919 had a disease resistance index of 6.5, 9.4 and 9.5, respectively in field, which showed a high resistance level. Genetics analysis of the three lines showed a classical Mendelian pattern of one pair of genes, which meant that each of the three lines contains one copy of transgene. Southern blotting also confirmed the copy number of inserts.


Assuntos
Quitinases/genética , Glucana 1,3-beta-Glucosidase/genética , Gossypium/genética , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Verticillium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Southern Blotting , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
17.
Space Med Med Eng (Beijing) ; 17(5): 318-21, 2004 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15926226

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study human factor accident/incident occurred during 1990-2001 using new classification standard. METHOD: The human factor accident/incident classification standard is developed on the basis of Reason's Model, combining with CAAC's traditional classifying method, and applied to the classified statistical analysis for 361 flying incidents and 35 flight accidents of China civil aviation, which is induced by human factors and occurred from 1990 to 2001. RESULT: 1) the incident percentage of taxi and cruise is higher than that of takeoff, climb and descent. 2) The dominating type of flight incidents is diverging of runway, overrunning, near-miss, tail/wingtip/engine strike and ground obstacle impacting. 3) The top three accidents are out of control caused by crew, mountain collision and over runway. 4) Crew's basic operating skill is lower than what we imagined, the mostly representation is poor correcting ability when flight error happened. 5) Crew errors can be represented by incorrect control, regulation and procedure violation, disorientation and diverging percentage of correct flight level. CONCLUSION: The poor CRM skill is the dominant factor impacting China civil aviation safety, this result has a coincidence with previous study, but there is much difference and distinct characteristic in top incident phase, the type of crew error and behavior performance compared with that of advanced countries. We should strengthen CRM training for all of pilots aiming at the Chinese pilot behavior characteristic in order to improve the safety level of China civil aviation.


Assuntos
Acidentes Aeronáuticos/classificação , Acidentes Aeronáuticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina Aeroespacial , Aviação , Ergonomia , Acidentes Aeronáuticos/prevenção & controle , China , Processos Grupais , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais
18.
Space Med Med Eng (Beijing) ; 15(1): 6-11, 2002 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11965685

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the transfer of ab-initio pilot selection methods from Germany to China. METHOD: The different phases of test development and evaluation were carried out by the DLR Department of Aviation and Space Psychology in cooperation with the Civil Aviation Flying College (CAFC). The DLR/LH test-system covers factors of aviation related knowledge, operational abilities, personality, and psychomotor abilities. After the translation into Chinese and necessary cultural adaptations a sample of 125 Chinese student pilots was examined in 1996. Standardized feedback data was gathered over a time period of two years in practical flight training. RESULT: In comparison to reliabilities of the German version, differences can be observed for all knowledge related test forms. Especially tests of technical and mathematical knowledge have somewhat lower reliabilities in China. On the other hand the reliabilities for the personality questionnaire as well as for the tests of memory, mental concentration, and spatial abilities seem to be equivalent with the German versions. In relation to flight instructor ratings for all students who passed the selection, the overall rate of accurate predictions is 71% (Cramer's V=0.35, P<0.01). The best psychometric predictors found in this research for different phases of the Chinese ab-initio pilot training (from academic study up to advanced twin-engine operation) are psychomotor coordination in multiple tasks settings, mental concentration, spatial abilities, and English language comprehension. CONCLUSION: The results supported the assumption that the selection tests for ab-initio pilots can be transferred into a different culture without significant loss of reliability or validity.


Assuntos
Aviação/normas , Características Culturais , Cooperação Internacional , Seleção de Pessoal/normas , Testes Psicológicos , Adolescente , Adulto , Aviação/educação , China , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Alemanha , Órgãos Governamentais , Humanos , Masculino , Personalidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Desempenho Psicomotor , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
19.
PLoS One ; 8(12): e84213, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24391916

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Augmentation of androgen/androgen receptor (AR) pathway may influence chronic hepatitis B (CHB) more likely in males. AR activity is modulated by a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence in AR exon 1. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum testosterone levels, CAG repeat numbers and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute liver failure (ALF). METHODS: Three hundred and seventy eight male CHB patients with ALF and 441 asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsCs) were recruited. AR CAG repeats numbers were analyzed. The serum testosterone levels of AsCs, ALFs and patients with hepatitis B flare groups, and sequential serum samples, were assessed quantitatively. RESULTS: The median CAG repeat (M-CAG) frequency was significantly higher in ALF patients than AsCs (P<0.001). Patients with M-CAG alleles (P<0.001, OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.1-4.2) had the highest risk for ALF. Serum testosterone levels were significantly higher (P<0.001) at hepatitis flare point (8.2 ± 3.0 ng/mL) than inactive phase (6.4 ± 2.0 ng/mL). CHB (8.30 ± 2.71 ng/mL, P = 7.6 × 10(-6)) and ALF group (2.61 ± 1.83 ng/mL, P = 1.7 × 10(-17)) had significantly different levels of testosterone in comparison with AsCs group (6.56 ± 2.36 ng/mL). The serum testosterone levels sharply decreased from hepatitis flare phase to liver failure phase, and tended to be normal at the recovery phase. Male AsCs with M-CAG alleles had significantly lower serum testosterone levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was a serum testosterone fluctuation during hepatitis B flare and HBV-related ALF, and the median CAG repeats in AR gene exon 1 were associated with lower serum testosterone levels in asymptomatic HBV carriers and an increased susceptibility to HBV-related ALF.


Assuntos
Hepatite B/sangue , Falência Hepática Aguda/sangue , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Receptores Androgênicos/genética , Testosterona/sangue , Repetições de Trinucleotídeos/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , China , Primers do DNA/genética , Hepatite B/complicações , Humanos , Falência Hepática Aguda/etiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino
20.
Korean J Radiol ; 13(3): 345-9, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22563273

RESUMO

Various anatomic anomalies have been considered the causes of nutcracker syndrome (NCS). Posterior NCS refers to the condition, in which vascular narrowing was secondary to the compression of the retroaortic left renal vein while it is crossing between the aorta and the vertebral column. Here, we report an unusual case of posterior NCS associated with a complicated malformation of the interrupted left inferior vena cava with azygos continuation and retroaortic right renal vein, diagnosed by both color Doppler ultrasonography and CT angiography.


Assuntos
Veia Ázigos/anormalidades , Síndrome do Quebra-Nozes/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Renais/anormalidades , Veia Cava Inferior/anormalidades , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia
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