RESUMO
Resistant bacterial infections are a major public health problem worldwide, which entails the need to search for new therapeutic agents. In this context, lichens stand out, provided that they are producers of structurally diverse compounds that have attractive biological properties, including antimicrobial activity. Thus, extracts of 12 lichen species were prepared and their potential to inhibit the growth of 5 bacterial strains was evaluated in this work. The chemical compositions of these extracts were examined using TLC and microcrystallization, being the identity of the active compounds in each extract attributed based on the bioautography technique. The most active extracts (and their identified active compounds) were from Cladonia borealis (usnic, barbatic and 4-O-demethylbarbatic acids), Cladina confusa (usnic and perlatolic acids), Stereocaulom ramulosum (atranorin, perlatolic and anziaic acids) and Canoparmelia cryptochlorophaea (cryptochlorophaeic and caperatic acids), with MICs ranging from 7.8 to 31.25 µg/mL, including for resistant clinical strains. MIC values ââwere also obtained for substances isolated from lichens for comparison purposes. A group of four extracts containing usnic acid was analyzed by 1H NMR in order to correlate relative proportion of major metabolites and extracts activity. The less active extracts in this group, in fact, presented low proportion of usnic acid.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Líquens , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Ascomicetos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , ParmeliaceaeRESUMO
Resistant bacterial infections represent one of the major threats in worldwide health services. In this scenario, plant essential oils are considered promising antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Pectis substriata essential oil alone and in combination with antibiotics, against clinical drug-resistant bacterial strains. The essential oil from the plant aerial parts was obtained by hydrodistillation. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against standard and clinical bacterial strains by broth microdilution method, and the synergistic effect was evaluated by checkerboard microtiter assay. The oil alone showed significant activity against clinical Staphylococcus warneri (62.5 µg.mL-1), and was moderately active on Staphylococcus aureus (standard strain) and clinical Staphylococcus intermedius (125 and 250 µg.mL-1, respectively). Synergism was achieved for the combinations of essential oil and ampicillin on S. warneri and of oil and kanamycin on S. intermedius. Additive effects were also observed. This is the first report of the chemical composition of P. substriata essential oil, and the results revealed the presence of compounds with proven antimicrobial activity. The oil proved active against resistant Gram-positive cocci, and showed synergism with antibiotics, revealing its potential use as adjuvant or in the development of new alternative treatments of drug-resistant antimicrobial infections.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Asteraceae , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Óleos Voláteis , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , StaphylococcusRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Latent tuberculosis (LTB) is a condition where the patient is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis but does not develop active TB. There's a possibility of tuberculosis (TB) activation following the introduction of anti-TNFs. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of biological therapy inducing LTB during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) treatment over 15 years in a high-risk area in Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective study of an IBD patients' database was carried out in a private reference clinic in Brazil. All patients underwent TST testing and chest X-ray prior to treatment, and once a year after starting it. Patients were classified according to the Montreal stratification and risk factors were considered for developing TB. RESULTS: Among the analyzed factors, age and gender were risk factors for LTB. DC (B2 and P) and UC (E2) patients showed a higher number of LTB cases with statistical significance, what was also observed for adalimumab and infliximab users, compared to other medications, and time of exposure to them favored it significantly. Other factors such as enclosed working environment have been reported as risk. CONCLUSION: The risk of biological therapy causing LTB is real, so patients with IBD should be continually monitored. This study reveals that the longer the exposure to anti-TNFs, the greater the risk. BACKGROUND: â¢Rate of infection (tuberculosis) in Brazilians IBD private patients: follow-up 15 years. BACKGROUND: â¢Patients treated with immunosuppressants and/or anti-TNFs have a higher risk of developing opportunistic infections, among them the most common is latent tuberculosis or even active tuberculosis. BACKGROUND: â¢Similar risks may be noted in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). BACKGROUND: â¢This study reveals that the longer the exposure to anti-TNFs, the greater the risk for de IBD patients. BACKGROUND: â¢The study demonstrated the importance of monitoring these patients permanently and continuously.
Assuntos
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Tuberculose Latente , População da América do Sul , Tuberculose , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Latente/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Latente/microbiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Teste Tuberculínico , Inibidores do Fator de Necrose TumoralRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with chronic illnesses, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), may often consult the internet, which can cause anguish, fear, stress and anxiety. The aim of our study is to evaluate the use of the internet and its effects on patients with IBD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with quantitative frequency analysis. We applied a questionnaire comprising questions about internet use, and the DASS21 questionnaire to analyze internet impact on patients' stress and/or anxiety for 36 months. RESULTS: A total of 104 patients were included over a period of 45 days (82% CD, 18% UC). The mean age was 41.3 years (±15.9 years). Internet use was more frequent in patients with a mean age of 39.5 years (±14.4 years), with the highest frequencies found in the age group of 26-36 years. Internet use were related to: 72.6% general information about the disease, 87.3% symptom information (42.1% once a week, 27.4% never, 18.8% once a month, 10.5% daily, and 3.2% twice a day). The most visited search engine was Google 63.7% and the most visited sites were: patient group sites 16.7%, health sites 16.2% medical sites 12.8%. CONCLUSION: The internet is often a resource utilized by patients with IBD and although these patients sought to obtain more information about their disease and their symptoms. The internet was not a factor influencing anxiety and stress for these patients.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Latent tuberculosis (LTB) is a condition where the patient is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis but does not develop active TB. There's a possibility of tuberculosis (TB) activation following the introduction of anti-TNFs. Objective: To assess the risk of biological therapy inducing LTB during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) treatment over 15 years in a high-risk area in Brazil. Methods: A retrospective study of an IBD patients' database was carried out in a private reference clinic in Brazil. All patients underwent TST testing and chest X-ray prior to treatment, and once a year after starting it. Patients were classified according to the Montreal stratification and risk factors were considered for developing TB. Results: Among the analyzed factors, age and gender were risk factors for LTB. DC (B2 and P) and UC (E2) patients showed a higher number of LTB cases with statistical significance, what was also observed for adalimumab and infliximab users, compared to other medications, and time of exposure to them favored it significantly. Other factors such as enclosed working environment have been reported as risk. Conclusion: The risk of biological therapy causing LTB is real, so patients with IBD should be continually monitored. This study reveals that the longer the exposure to anti-TNFs, the greater the risk.
RESUMO Contexto: A tuberculose latente (TBL) é uma condição em que o paciente está infectado com Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mas não desenvolve tuberculose (TB) ativa. Existe a possibilidade de ativação da TB após a introdução de anti-TNFs. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco da terapia biológica induzindo TBL durante o tratamento de doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII) ao longo de 15 anos em uma área de alto risco no Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de um banco de dados de pacientes com DII em uma clínica privada de referência no Brasil. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a teste de TST e radiografia de tórax antes do tratamento e uma vez por ano após seu início. Os pacientes foram classificados de acordo com a estratificação de Montreal e foram considerados fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de TB. Resultados: Entre os fatores analisados, a idade e o sexo foram fatores de risco para TBL. Os pacientes com doença de Crohn' (B2 e P) e colite ulcerativa (E2) apresentaram maior número de casos de TBL com significância estatística, o que também foi observado para usuários de adalimumab e infliximab, em comparação com outros medicamentos, e o tempo de exposição a eles favoreceu significativamente. Outros fatores, como ambiente de trabalho fechado, foram relatados como riscos. Conclusão: O risco da terapia biológica causar TBL é real, por isso os pacientes com DII devem ser monitorados continuamente. Este estudo revela que quanto maior a exposição aos anti-TNFs, maior o risco.
RESUMO
The effects of isolated compounds from Brazilian lichens and their derivatives on H2O2 and NO production were studied using murine macrophages as a part of an attempt to understand their possible immunomodulatory properties. The compound cytotoxicity was studied using MTT assay. Macrophage stimulation was evaluated by the determination of NO (Griess assay) and H2O2 (horseradish peroxidase/phenol red) in supernatants of peritoneal macrophage cultures of Swiss mice. This research demonstrated stimulatory activities of some phenolic compounds isolated from lichens and their derivatives on H2O2 and NO production. Structure-activity relationships suggest several synthetic directions for further improvement of immunological activity.
Os efeitos dos compostos isolados de líquens brasileiros e seus derivados na produção de NO e H2O2 foram estudados utilizando macrófagos murinos na tentativa de desvendar suas possíveis propriedades imunomodulatórias. A citotoxicidade dos compostos foi estudada utilizando o ensaio de MTT. A estimulação dos macrófagos foi avaliada através da determinação de NO (metodologia de Griess) e H2O2 (peroxidase de raíz forte/vermelho de fenol) no sobrenadante de culturas de macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos Swiss. Este estudo demonstrou atividade estimulante de alguns compostos fenólicos e seus derivados na produção de NO e H2O2. A relação estrutura atividade sugere inúmeras direções sintéticas para futuros melhoramentos da atividade imunológica.