Solubility and Pharmacokinetic Profile Improvement of Griseofulvin through Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Assisted Complexation with HP-γ-Cyclodextrin.

Since griseofulvin was marketed as a non-polyene antifungal antibiotic drug in 1958, its poor water solubility has been an issue for its wide applications, and over the last sixty years, many attempts have been made to increase its water solubility; however, a significant result has yet to be achieved. Through supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted cyclodextrin complexation with the addition of a trace amount of water-soluble polymer surfactant, the griseofulvin inclusion complex with HP-γ-cyclodextrin was prepared and confirmed. The 1:2 ratio of griseofulvin and HP-γ-cyclodextrin in the complex was determined based on its NMR study. After complexation with HP-γ-cyclodextrin, griseofulvin's water solubility was increased 477 times compared with that of griseofulvin alone, which is the best result thus far. The complex showed 90% of griseofulvin release in vitro in 10 min, in an in vivo dog pharmacokinetic study; the Cmax was increased from 0.52 µg/mL to 0.72 µg/mL, AUC0-12 was increased from 1.55 µg·h/mL to 2.75 µg·h/mL, the clearance was changed from 51.78 L/kg/h to 24.16 L/kg/h, and the half-life time was changed from 0.81 h to 1.56 h, indicating the obtained griseofulvin complex can be a more effective drug than griseofulvin alone.

[Identification of cellular morphology and flow cytometry on different tetraploid Isatis indigotica strains].

OBJECTIVE: To identify tetraploid Isatis indigotica strains through morphology and flow cytometry. METHODS: The tissue culture seedlings of tetraploid Isatis indigotica were root-tip squashed and chromosome counted before rooted climatized and transplanted in field. The plants in field were taken as experimental materials. Macroscopic observation was applied to identify by form and structure; Free-hand section was used to observe the length, width and density of stomas; And flow cytometry was applied to identify the ploidy. RESULTS: Compared with diploid plants, tetraploid plants had obvious changes in form and structure. The stomas from the tetraploid were notably longer, and the number of guard cells in chloroplasts was remarkably larger. The experiment materials were proved to be tetraploid by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION: The materials are tetraploid plants. Macroscopic observation, the length of stoma and the number of guard cells in chloroplasts can be taken as aided identification for ploidy of mutagenesis materials. Meanwhile, flow cytometry can be applied to identify the ploidy of Isatis indigotica.

[Effects of PEG and NaCl stress on the contents of indigotin and indirubin in Isatis indigotica tetraploids].

OBJECTIVE: To provide a reference evidence for choosing salt-resistent and drought-resistent varieties of Isatis indigotica Fort.. METHODS: The tissue culture seedlings of different Isatis indigotica tetraploids were used as plant materials. The diploid was used as CK, which were cultured for 30 days. 2 g/L NaCl and 15% PEG-6000 were used as stress treatment respectively for 12 hours, then poured out the solution, the materials were continuously cultured for 7 days. The contents of indirubin and indigotin were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The contents of indigotin and indirubin of DB3, DB5 and DB12 with PEG treatment and DB2, DB3 and DB12 with NaCl treatment were increased. CONCLUSION: DB3 and DB12 can be further studied as reproduction materials.

Three-photon absorption and nonlinear refraction of BaMgF4 in the ultraviolet region.

The nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption phenomena are investigated in BaMgF(4) single crystal using the Z-scan technique in the ultraviolet region with a pulsed laser at 400 nm with 1 ps pulse duration. The remarkable nonlinear absorption behavior is identified to be three-photon absorption under the experimental conditions. In addition, both nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption have relatively large values and possess small anisotropy along three different crystallographic axes. The large values of nonlinear refractive index are demonstrated through the self-phase modulation effect.

Factors influencing the length of stay after mediastinal tumor resection in the setting of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)-TUBELESS protocol.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged length of stay after surgery is considered to increase cost and hospital-acquired complications. Therefore, we aimed to identify the risk factors that were associated with an increased length of stay after mediastinal tumor resection in the setting of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)-TUBELESS protocol. METHODS: This prospective cohort study collected data on consecutive patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) resection for mediastinal tumor between December 2015 and November 2018 at a single center in China. All patients followed the ERAS-TUBELESS protocol. A length of stay after VATS tumor resection (LOS) greater than 3 days was considered an increased LOS. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify potential factors associated with increased LOS. Factors were divided into patient-related risk factors and procedure-related risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 204 patients were included, of which 85 (41.67%) patients had a LOS of more than 3 days. The median LOS for the entire cohort was 3 days. All the patient-related risk factors had no significantly associated with a prolonged LOS. Procedure-related risk factors that were significantly associated with a prolonged LOS were surgeon, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, drainage tube, analgesic drugs, and complications. Anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation was correlated with early discharge (LOS ≤1 day). CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of an ERAS-TUBELESS protocol, the main drivers of LOS were procedure-related factors. Anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation was associated with early discharge (LOS ≤1 day) and thus promoted thoracic day surgery.

Single- versus two-port video-assisted thoracic surgery in mediastinal tumor: a propensity-matched study.

BACKGROUND: In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare single-port (SP) and two-port (TP) video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for the surgical resection of mediastinal tumor. METHODS: Between December 2015 and October 2018, a total of 191 consecutive mediastinal tumor patients who underwent SP- or TP-VATS in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were enrolled. Propensity-matched analysis, incorporating preoperative clinical features, was used to compare the perioperative outcomes and analyse the safety and efficacy between SP-VATS and TP-VATS for mediastinal tumor. RESULTS: There were 43 patients in the SP-VATS group, and 148 patients in the TP-VATS group from December 2015 to October 2018. Propensity matching produced 40 pairs in this retrospective study. The baseline characters were all well balanced. During the operation, the SP-VATS group showed shorter operation time (89.38 vs. 101.82 min; P=0.042) and less chest tube [16 (40.0%) vs. 28 (70.0%); P=0.007] than TP-VATS group. Postoperatively, SP and TP groups showed similar results in terms of morbidity and recovery. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, our experiences have shown that SP-VATS is a safe and promising technique and is not inferior to the TP-VATS.