[Short-term Lycopersicum esculentum consumption may increase plasma high density lipoproteins and decrease oxidative stress]. / El consumo de Lycopersicum esculentum podría aumentar lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL) y disminuir el estrés oxidativo a corto plazo.

BACKGROUND: Tomato has a high antioxidant capacity due to its high content of vitamin C, vitamin E and lycopene that is a powerful free radical scavenger. However, the effects of tomato on plasma lipoproteins is not well known, and there is little evidence about the relationship between tomato consumption and oxidative state changes in humans. AIM: To assess in vivo the effects of dietary supplementation with pure concentrated tomato juice on short term changes in oxidative state and plasma lipoproteins in healthy volunteers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventeen healthy volunteers were studied. They received a supplement of pure tomato juice during 7 days. At baseline, at the end of the supplementarion period and eight days after the end of the supplementation, a blood sample was drawn to measure total antioxidant capacity (TRAP), enzymatic antioxidants (catalase and superoxide dismutase), non-enzimatic antioxidants (lycopene and a-tocopherol) and plasma lipoproteins. RESULTS: Lycopene level increased early and significantly in comparison with basal levels (48%; p < 0.05). TRAP, catalase and superoxide dismutase did not change significantly. HDL cholesterol increased significantly in 5.6+/-4.3 mg/dL (p < 0.002) on the second sampling period, improving the ratio cholesterol/HDL. It returned to baseline in the third period. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary supplementation of concentrated tomato juice significantly increases lycopene levels and HDL cholesterol. Non significant changes observed in TRAP, catalase and superoxide dismutase were observed during the supplementation period.

Factores de riesgo de retención urinaria aguda en cirugía mayor ambulatoria bajo anestesia espinal / Risk factors for acute urinary retention after spinal surgery

Introducción: Estimar la prevalencia de retención urinaria aguda en el Programa de Cirugía mayor ambulatoria con anestesia espinal, e identificar los principales factores de riesgo para su desarrollo. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo de casos y controles. De 859 pacientes operados en programa de cirugía mayor ambulatoria entre abril 2003 y julio 2006, se seleccionaron 652 pacientes sometidos a cirugía con anestesia espinal. Los casos fueron 18 pacientes que desarrollaron retención urinaria aguda y 45 controles seleccionados al azar de los pacientes sin complicaciones en el postoperatorio. Se analizó estadística por pruebas estándares. Resultados: La prevalencia de retención urinaria aguda fue 2,76 por ciento. Se asociaron significativamente al desarrollo de retención urinaria aguda en postoperatorio las variables sexo masculino, p =0.026 OR =5.76 (IC 95 por ciento 1.17-28.24), edad sobre 50 años p =0.046 OR =3.14 (IC 95 por ciento 1.01-9.86) y cirugía hemiaria p =0.001 OR =7.59 (IC 95 por ciento 1.71-33.61). En todos los casos se manejó con cateterismo intermitente y la prolongación de estadía hospitalaria fue de un día en el 91 por ciento de los casos, y dos en el resto.

Background: The identified risk factors for acute urinary retention after spinal anesthesia are the dose and duration of anesthesia, old age and ano rectal surgical procedures. Aim: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of acute urinary retention in the program of ambulatory surgery with spinal anesthesia. Material and methods: Descriptive case control study. The medical records of 859 patients operated with spinal anesthesia between 2003 and 2006 were reviewed, and 18 patients aged 52 + 16 years, that had an acute urinary retention, were identified. Forty vive randomly chosen patients aged 46 + 14 years, without urinary retention were analyzed as controls. Results: The calculated prevalence of acute urinary retention was 2.8 percent. Male sex, an age over 50 years and hernia surgery were identified as risk factors for urinary retention with odds ratios of 5.8 (95 percent confidence interval (Cl) 17-28), 3.1 (95 percentCI 1.-9.9) and 7.6 (95 percentCI 1.7-33.6), respectively. All cases were managed with intermittent catheterization. Hospital stay was one day in 91 percent and two days in the rest. Conclusions: in this series, acute urinary retention occurred in 2.8 percent of patients after spinal surgery. Male sex, age over 50 years and hernia repair procedures were identified ads risk factors for the complication.

Obesidad, síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño y somnolencia excesiva en población de riesgo cardiovascular / Obesity, sleep apnoea/hipopnoea syndrome and excessive daytime sleepiness in cardiovascular risk population

Introducción: La obesidad y el síndrome de apnea/hipopnea del sueño (SAHOS) son factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). El principal síntoma del SAHOS es somnolencia diurna excesiva (SDE), evaluable con la Escala de Epworth (EE). Objetivos: Determinar prevalencia de SDE en población con FRCV. Establecer la asociación entre SDE y FRCV. Método: estudio transversal efectuado durante los a±os 2006 y 2007 en una población con FRCV del Hospital Gustavo Fricke. Se consideraron mediciones antropométricas y un cuestionario que incluyó Escala de Epworth (EE). Resultados: La prevalencia de SDE por EE fue 22,12 por ciento. La hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia y diabetes mellitus 2 no tuvieron diferencias respecto a EE. Se asociaron significativamente a SDE: una circunferencia de cuello y cintura (p=0,0277 y 0,0008 respectivamente), índice de masa corporal (p=0,014) y ronquidos (p=0,05), reporte de episodios apneicos (p=0,005), sensación de sueño fragmentado (p=0,006) y antecedente de IAM (p=0,026) OR=3.4 (IC95 por ciento 1,22-8,59). Discusión: La prevalencia de SDE encontrada concuerda con la literatura. Las asociaciones encontradas convierten al fenotipo característico y la EE en una evaluación fácil y económica para pesquisar SDE e iniciar el estudio de SAHOS.

Introduction: Obesity and sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (SAHOS) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (RFCVD) The ntain symptom of SAHOS is excessive daily sleepiness (EDS), measurable through Epworth Scale (ES). Objective: To determine the association between EDS and RFCVD and to establish association between SDE and RFCVD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done during 2006 and 2007 in a population with FRCVD at Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar. Anthropometrical measurements were taken and a questionnaire was applied including ES. Results: SDE prevalence measured by EE was 22.12 percent. Prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus 2 had no significant differences. Variables significantly associated to SDE were neck and waist circumference (p=0,0277 and p=0,0008 respectively), body mass index (p=0,014) and snoring (p=0,05), reports of previous apnoea episodes (p=0,005), sensation of fragmented sleep (p=0,006) and previous history of myocardial infarction (p=0,026) OR=3.4 (IC95 percent 1,22-8,59). Discussion: The prevalence found at this study agrees with the literature and the associations found make evaluation and determination of characteristic phenotype an easy and cheap method in order to screen and treat SAHOS.

El consumo de Lycopersicum esculentum podría aumentar lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL) y disminuir el estrés oxidativo a corto plazo / Short-term Lycopersicum esculentum consumption may increase plasma high density lipoproteins and decrease oxidative stress

Background: Tomato has a high antioxidant capacity due to its high content of vitamin C, vitamin E and lycopene that is a powerful free radical scavenger. However, the effects of tomato on plasma lipoproteins is not well known, and there is little evidence about the relationship between tomato consumption and oxidative state changes in humans. Aim: To assess in vivo the effects of dietary supplementation with pure concentrated tomato juice on short term changes in oxidative state and plasma lipoproteins in healthy volunteers. Subjects and methods: Seventeen healthy volunteers were studied. They received a supplement of pure tomato juice during 7 days. At baseline, at the end of the supplementarion period and eight days after the end of the supplementation, a blood sample was drawn to measure total antioxidant capacity (TRAP), enzymatic antioxidants (catalase and superoxide dismutase), non-enzimatic antioxidants (lycopene and a-tocopherol) and plasma lipoproteins. Results: Lycopene level increased early and significantly in comparison with basal levels (48%; p <0.05). TRAP, catalase and superoxide dismutase did not change significantly. HDL cholesterol increased significantly in 5.6±4.3 mg/dL (p <0.002) on the second sampling period, improving the ratio cholesterol/HDL. It returned to baseline in the third period. Conclusions: Dietary supplementation of concentrated tomato juice significantly increases lycopene levels and HDL cholesterol. Non significant changes observed in TRAP, catalase and superoxide dismutase were observed during the supplementation period.

Perfil clínico de embarazadas con preeclampsia y embarazos no complicados / Clinical profile associated with preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women

Objetivo: Conocer las variables clínicas y de laboratorio de más frecuente presentación en pacientes con preeclampsia (PE) de dos hospitales de la Quinta Región. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo caso-control. Se estudiaron 44 mujeres con PE sin patología asociada divididas en dos grupos; uno con 25 embarazadas con PE moderada (PEM) y otro de 19 con PE severa (PES), y grupo control de 30 embarazadas normales. Resultados: El índice de masa corporal basal fue de 24,1 ± 4 para el grupo control, 25,8 ± 5 para el grupo con PEM y 26,1 ± 4 para el grupo PES, diferencias no significativas. La sintomatología clínica fue más frecuente en las pacientes con PES. Los valores de transaminasas y uricemia de ambos grupos con PE fueron mayores y los de plaquetas significativamente menores a los del grupo control. No hubo diferencia significativa en los valores de creatininemia y hematocrito. La proteinuria fue mayor en las pacientes con PES pero en la mayoría de estos se situó en rangos de 0,35 a 1,5 g/l. El Apgar de los recién nacidos fue similar en todos los grupos. Conclusiones: La sintomatología clínica es útil para la detección de PES. Valores de uricemia mayores de 4 mg/dl más cifras tensionales elevadas son altamente sugerente de PE. Un número importante de pacientes con PES presentó proteinuria inferior a 3 g/l, por lo que la ausencia de cifras mayores no debiera excluir la presencia de PES.