Evaluation of Allergenic, Immunogenic, and Skin-Irritant Effects of Deicing Chemicals in Warm-Blooded Animals.

We studied allergenic, immunogenic, and skin-irritating effects of deicing chemicals HCM (Volgograd), Bishofit (Turkmenia), and Nordix-P (Russia) in model experiments on various types of laboratory animals (rats, mice, rabbits). All the studied deicing chemicals exhibited weak immunotoxic activity and in high doses can cause delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction that manifested in skin irritant effect on the skin and produced a suppressive effect on the humoral immunity. The modified method for assessing skin irritation proposed by us is more sensitive than standard methods.

[STATE OF NONALLERGIC HYPERSENSITIVITY UNDER THE EXPOSURE TO ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS].

Now a number of allergopatologies is shown to be formed as non-allergic hypersensitivity. Research of this state is especially important when studying a question of formation of a condition of a chemical sensitization in response to the contact of a human body with chemical pollutants. For diagnostics of reactions of non-allergic hypersensitivity the test was developed for an assessment of activation of basophiles by specific allergens (the test of activation of basophiles by method of a flowing cytometry Flow Cast® (BD FACSCalibur)). It is possible to judge by activation on an expression of some receptors on a surface of these cages (CD63). Examination of a group of persons, having continuous contact with means of household chemicals was performed. In 54.5% of the examined persons the percent of CD63-of nonspecific activated cages was revealed to be at the level of 16-65% that gives the grounds to assume existence of a condition of not allergic hypersensitivity. Thus, the test of activation of basophiles by method of a flowing cytometry can be used for a differentiation of an IgE-dependent allergy from a condition of non-allergic hypersensitivity.

[Pseudoallergic states].

The analysis of works on the study of the hyperreactivity of the human organism to the chemical factors of environment testifies about the significance of the development of this direction in hygienic studies. During rate setting of the content of chemical substances the effect of hypersensitivity to the factors of environment is limiting. In hygienic studies up to now non allergic hypersensitivity (pseudo-allergic response) was not considered, its prevalence among working-age population was not studied and no system of the differential estimation of true allergy and pseudo-allergic response for the practical use in the inspections of population was developed.