RESUMO
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastritis/peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and celiac disease, significantly impact global health and economic stability. This review synthesizes current literature to elucidate the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies of these prevalent conditions. Through a biopsychosocial lens, we examine the role of the gut microbiome in disease modulation and explore innovative therapeutic advancements, including microbiome-targeting interventions. The review highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to patient care, integrating medical treatment with dietary, psychological, and lifestyle modifications. By addressing these disorders holistically, the article aims to foster a deeper understanding of their biopsychosocial impacts and encourage more effective, patient-centered treatment paradigms. The findings underscore the imperative for continued research and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance patient outcomes and reduce healthcare burdens associated with GI disorders.